2024
Brücker, Herbert; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Weber, Enzo
Steuerrabatt für neu Zugewanderte: Was ist zu erwarten, worauf kommt es an? Journal Article
In: Wirtschaftsdienst, vol. 104, iss. 9, 2024.
@article{nokey,
title = {Steuerrabatt f\"{u}r neu Zugewanderte: Was ist zu erwarten, worauf kommt es an?},
author = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Kosyakova, Yuliya and Enzo Weber},
url = {https://www.wirtschaftsdienst.eu/inhalt/jahr/2024/heft/9/beitrag/steuerrabatt-fuer-neu-zugewanderte-was-ist-zu-erwarten-worauf-kommt-es-an.html
},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-09-02},
urldate = {2024-09-02},
journal = {Wirtschaftsdienst},
volume = {104},
issue = {9},
abstract = {The German Government’s growth initiative aims to strengthen immigration into the labour market. In the first three years, 30 %, 20 % and 10 % of the gross income of newly arrived skilled workers will be tax-free. The target group has not yet been precisely defined, but it is likely to be workers with professional and university qualifications under the Residence Act. This Act focuses on the immigration of skilled workers, including the EU Blue Card and the regulations for IT specialists. Under certain conditions, tax rebates can trigger additional migration. However, there are also disadvantageous deadweight and distributional effects. The aim must be to avoid a race to the bottom between international tax rates.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The German Government’s growth initiative aims to strengthen immigration into the labour market. In the first three years, 30 %, 20 % and 10 % of the gross income of newly arrived skilled workers will be tax-free. The target group has not yet been precisely defined, but it is likely to be workers with professional and university qualifications under the Residence Act. This Act focuses on the immigration of skilled workers, including the EU Blue Card and the regulations for IT specialists. Under certain conditions, tax rebates can trigger additional migration. However, there are also disadvantageous deadweight and distributional effects. The aim must be to avoid a race to the bottom between international tax rates.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Gatskova, Kseniia; Koch, Theresa; Adunts, Davit; Braunfels, Joseph; Goßner, Laura; Konle-Seidl, Regina; Schwanhäuser, Silvia; Vandenhirtz, Marie
Labour market integration of Ukrainian refugees: An international perspective Technical Report
IAB-Forschungsbericht 16/2024en 2024.
@techreport{nokey,
title = {Labour market integration of Ukrainian refugees: An international perspective},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Kseniia Gatskova and Theresa Koch and Davit Adunts and Joseph Braunfels and Laura Go\ssner and Regina Konle-Seidl and Silvia Schwanh\"{a}user and Marie Vandenhirtz},
url = {https://doku.iab.de/forschungsbericht/2024/fb1624en.pdf},
doi = {10.48720/IAB.FB.2416EN},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-08-02},
urldate = {2024-08-02},
institution = {IAB-Forschungsbericht 16/2024en},
abstract = {This research report investigates the labor market integration of Ukrainian refugees across various European countries, including many EU member states as well as the UK, Switzerland, and Norway, in the period from Q4 2022 to Q1 2024. Comparing the employment rates of Ukrainian refugees across different countries presents challenges due to the absence of a uniform database, such as the European Labor Force Survey (LFS). To address this, we constructed a comprehensive database that harmonizes employment data from comparable time points and employs consistent definitions for calculating rates. Employment data were obtained from administrative records in countries where available, and from various surveys conducted at different times in other nations. Additionally, this study compiles indicators currently recognized in research as having an influence on labor market integration, using comparable data and definitions to enhance the robustness of the analysis.
From the end of 2022 to early 2024, the employment rates of Ukrainian refugees in Europe showed significant variation. By the first quarter of 2024, Germany's employment rate had reached nearly 27 percent, placing it in the European midfield. At the end of 2022, countries such as the UK, the Netherlands, and Lithuania had employment rates exceeding 50 percent, while Croatia, Norway, Romania, Slovenia, Switzerland, and Spain reported rates below 15 percent. Germany also reported a mid-field rate of 20 percent at the end of 2022. Throughout 2023, Denmark, Austria, France, Poland, and Lithuania saw modest increases in employment rates. However, this upward trend did not persist; some countries experienced stagnation, while others, including Romania, saw declines. Conversely, Slovenia, Switzerland, Finland, Spain, and Estonia witnessed slight increases. The UK consistently maintained its high employment rate across the period. In Germany, beyond the influence of seasonal fluctuations, there was a steady annual increase in employment rates, culminating in 27 percent by early 2024.
To investigate the reasons behind the varying employment rates of Ukrainian refugees across different European countries, this report delves into the relationships between employment rates and various socio-demographic, institutional, and economic factors. Our objective is to achieve a preliminary, yet more comprehensive understanding of the factors that drive labor market integration of refugees and to assess the impact of these factors. It is important to note that the analyses conducted are descriptive in nature, not causal. They are intended to provide an initial insight into the correlations, helping to identify potential areas for more in-depth, causal research in the future.
Multivariate analyses underscore the crucial impact of the demographic composition of newcomers and the institutional and economic conditions in the destination countries on the labor market integration of Ukrainian refugees. Countries with a higher demand for low-skilled labor \textendash measured by the size of the low-status labor market segment or employees in low-skilled occupations \textendash tend to have higher employment rates for these individuals. This may be attributed to the fact that such jobs often have fewer language requirements and other qualifications, allowing for quicker job placements. Additionally, there is a negative correlation between strict labor market regulations, such as enhanced job security measures, and the likelihood of Ukrainian refugees finding employment. Furthermore, a negative correlation exists between the growth rate of unemployment and the employment of Ukrainian refugees, suggesting that newcomers are less likely to secure jobs in countries with increasing unemployment.
Social infrastructure significantly impacts the labor market integration of Ukrainian refugees, many of whom are women with children. Consequently, our regression analysis shows that the availability of childcare is correlated with refugees’ employment rate. Countries with better childcare facilities tend to see higher employment rates among refugees, as this infrastructure supports the ability of parents, particularly mothers, to enter the workforce. Similarly, comprehensive access to health services also correlates with higher employment rates, as it ensures that refugees are physically and mentally able to work. Interestingly, the relationship between social transfer payments, measured by the ratio of costs for caring for Ukrainian refugee per capita to the gross domestic product per capita of the respective host country, and employment rates is small and statistically insignificant. While it is often assumed that transfer payments play a central role in employment, this hypothesis is not confirmed in our analysis. However, social networks play a critical role in the employment integration of refugees. Countries with a larger Ukrainian community often report higher employment rates among Ukrainian refugees. Additionally, a strong command of English within the destination-country population positively corelates with employment rates, probably because it facilitates better communication and with that integration into the labor market.
The integration policy strategies across EU member states and other European countries vary significantly. Some nations adopt a "work first" approach, prioritizing immediate employment without initial preparatory measures such as language courses or qualification measures. This strategy aims at quick job placement but often overlooks the need for the development of comprehensive skill. In contrast, other countries focus on the long-term, sustainable integration into the labor market. These nations implement comprehensive language programs, qualification measures, and targeted job placements that align more closely with the refugees' qualifications. Although this approach may result in so-called "lock-in" effects, where refugees might experience a delayed entry into the labor market, it is more likely to lead to stable employment relationships, jobs that match the refugees' skills, and higher earnings over time. Scandinavian studies underscore these differences in outcomes. Countries that emphasize the "work first" model tend to show higher employment rates for refugees in the short term. However, nations that invest in education and language acquisition demonstrate better integration results in the medium and long term. This success extends beyond mere employment rates and earnings to include broader aspects of social inclusion and quality of life for refugees. Such findings highlight the importance of tailored integration policies that consider both immediate employment needs and long-term societal benefits.
The multivariate analyses further confirm the significant impact of demographic factors, particularly family constellation, on labor market integration. There is a statistically significant negative correlation between employment rates and older age and having more children per working-age woman. Finally, the data reveals a positive time trend: employment rates for all demographic groups tend to increase with the length of their residence. This suggests that many of the initial barriers to employment faced by refugees diminish over time, indicating that with longer stays, refugees are more likely to overcome these initial challenges and secure employment.
Overall, this report underscores that Germany, with its comprehensive long-term integration strategies, is well-positioned to significantly enhance the employment rates of Ukrainian refugees over the medium to long term. Insights from refugees who arrived between 2013 and 2019 validate this potential, with employment rates reaching 68 percent eight years after arrival. These findings emphasize the necessity of continually reassessing and refining integration strategies to effectively promote the integration of refugees. Such adjustments are crucial not only for improving the immediate economic prospects of refugees but also for contributing to the broader economy, ultimately yielding substantial long-term benefits.},
howpublished = {IAB-Forschungsbericht 16/2024},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
This research report investigates the labor market integration of Ukrainian refugees across various European countries, including many EU member states as well as the UK, Switzerland, and Norway, in the period from Q4 2022 to Q1 2024. Comparing the employment rates of Ukrainian refugees across different countries presents challenges due to the absence of a uniform database, such as the European Labor Force Survey (LFS). To address this, we constructed a comprehensive database that harmonizes employment data from comparable time points and employs consistent definitions for calculating rates. Employment data were obtained from administrative records in countries where available, and from various surveys conducted at different times in other nations. Additionally, this study compiles indicators currently recognized in research as having an influence on labor market integration, using comparable data and definitions to enhance the robustness of the analysis.
From the end of 2022 to early 2024, the employment rates of Ukrainian refugees in Europe showed significant variation. By the first quarter of 2024, Germany's employment rate had reached nearly 27 percent, placing it in the European midfield. At the end of 2022, countries such as the UK, the Netherlands, and Lithuania had employment rates exceeding 50 percent, while Croatia, Norway, Romania, Slovenia, Switzerland, and Spain reported rates below 15 percent. Germany also reported a mid-field rate of 20 percent at the end of 2022. Throughout 2023, Denmark, Austria, France, Poland, and Lithuania saw modest increases in employment rates. However, this upward trend did not persist; some countries experienced stagnation, while others, including Romania, saw declines. Conversely, Slovenia, Switzerland, Finland, Spain, and Estonia witnessed slight increases. The UK consistently maintained its high employment rate across the period. In Germany, beyond the influence of seasonal fluctuations, there was a steady annual increase in employment rates, culminating in 27 percent by early 2024.
To investigate the reasons behind the varying employment rates of Ukrainian refugees across different European countries, this report delves into the relationships between employment rates and various socio-demographic, institutional, and economic factors. Our objective is to achieve a preliminary, yet more comprehensive understanding of the factors that drive labor market integration of refugees and to assess the impact of these factors. It is important to note that the analyses conducted are descriptive in nature, not causal. They are intended to provide an initial insight into the correlations, helping to identify potential areas for more in-depth, causal research in the future.
Multivariate analyses underscore the crucial impact of the demographic composition of newcomers and the institutional and economic conditions in the destination countries on the labor market integration of Ukrainian refugees. Countries with a higher demand for low-skilled labor – measured by the size of the low-status labor market segment or employees in low-skilled occupations – tend to have higher employment rates for these individuals. This may be attributed to the fact that such jobs often have fewer language requirements and other qualifications, allowing for quicker job placements. Additionally, there is a negative correlation between strict labor market regulations, such as enhanced job security measures, and the likelihood of Ukrainian refugees finding employment. Furthermore, a negative correlation exists between the growth rate of unemployment and the employment of Ukrainian refugees, suggesting that newcomers are less likely to secure jobs in countries with increasing unemployment.
Social infrastructure significantly impacts the labor market integration of Ukrainian refugees, many of whom are women with children. Consequently, our regression analysis shows that the availability of childcare is correlated with refugees’ employment rate. Countries with better childcare facilities tend to see higher employment rates among refugees, as this infrastructure supports the ability of parents, particularly mothers, to enter the workforce. Similarly, comprehensive access to health services also correlates with higher employment rates, as it ensures that refugees are physically and mentally able to work. Interestingly, the relationship between social transfer payments, measured by the ratio of costs for caring for Ukrainian refugee per capita to the gross domestic product per capita of the respective host country, and employment rates is small and statistically insignificant. While it is often assumed that transfer payments play a central role in employment, this hypothesis is not confirmed in our analysis. However, social networks play a critical role in the employment integration of refugees. Countries with a larger Ukrainian community often report higher employment rates among Ukrainian refugees. Additionally, a strong command of English within the destination-country population positively corelates with employment rates, probably because it facilitates better communication and with that integration into the labor market.
The integration policy strategies across EU member states and other European countries vary significantly. Some nations adopt a "work first" approach, prioritizing immediate employment without initial preparatory measures such as language courses or qualification measures. This strategy aims at quick job placement but often overlooks the need for the development of comprehensive skill. In contrast, other countries focus on the long-term, sustainable integration into the labor market. These nations implement comprehensive language programs, qualification measures, and targeted job placements that align more closely with the refugees' qualifications. Although this approach may result in so-called "lock-in" effects, where refugees might experience a delayed entry into the labor market, it is more likely to lead to stable employment relationships, jobs that match the refugees' skills, and higher earnings over time. Scandinavian studies underscore these differences in outcomes. Countries that emphasize the "work first" model tend to show higher employment rates for refugees in the short term. However, nations that invest in education and language acquisition demonstrate better integration results in the medium and long term. This success extends beyond mere employment rates and earnings to include broader aspects of social inclusion and quality of life for refugees. Such findings highlight the importance of tailored integration policies that consider both immediate employment needs and long-term societal benefits.
The multivariate analyses further confirm the significant impact of demographic factors, particularly family constellation, on labor market integration. There is a statistically significant negative correlation between employment rates and older age and having more children per working-age woman. Finally, the data reveals a positive time trend: employment rates for all demographic groups tend to increase with the length of their residence. This suggests that many of the initial barriers to employment faced by refugees diminish over time, indicating that with longer stays, refugees are more likely to overcome these initial challenges and secure employment.
Overall, this report underscores that Germany, with its comprehensive long-term integration strategies, is well-positioned to significantly enhance the employment rates of Ukrainian refugees over the medium to long term. Insights from refugees who arrived between 2013 and 2019 validate this potential, with employment rates reaching 68 percent eight years after arrival. These findings emphasize the necessity of continually reassessing and refining integration strategies to effectively promote the integration of refugees. Such adjustments are crucial not only for improving the immediate economic prospects of refugees but also for contributing to the broader economy, ultimately yielding substantial long-term benefits.
From the end of 2022 to early 2024, the employment rates of Ukrainian refugees in Europe showed significant variation. By the first quarter of 2024, Germany's employment rate had reached nearly 27 percent, placing it in the European midfield. At the end of 2022, countries such as the UK, the Netherlands, and Lithuania had employment rates exceeding 50 percent, while Croatia, Norway, Romania, Slovenia, Switzerland, and Spain reported rates below 15 percent. Germany also reported a mid-field rate of 20 percent at the end of 2022. Throughout 2023, Denmark, Austria, France, Poland, and Lithuania saw modest increases in employment rates. However, this upward trend did not persist; some countries experienced stagnation, while others, including Romania, saw declines. Conversely, Slovenia, Switzerland, Finland, Spain, and Estonia witnessed slight increases. The UK consistently maintained its high employment rate across the period. In Germany, beyond the influence of seasonal fluctuations, there was a steady annual increase in employment rates, culminating in 27 percent by early 2024.
To investigate the reasons behind the varying employment rates of Ukrainian refugees across different European countries, this report delves into the relationships between employment rates and various socio-demographic, institutional, and economic factors. Our objective is to achieve a preliminary, yet more comprehensive understanding of the factors that drive labor market integration of refugees and to assess the impact of these factors. It is important to note that the analyses conducted are descriptive in nature, not causal. They are intended to provide an initial insight into the correlations, helping to identify potential areas for more in-depth, causal research in the future.
Multivariate analyses underscore the crucial impact of the demographic composition of newcomers and the institutional and economic conditions in the destination countries on the labor market integration of Ukrainian refugees. Countries with a higher demand for low-skilled labor – measured by the size of the low-status labor market segment or employees in low-skilled occupations – tend to have higher employment rates for these individuals. This may be attributed to the fact that such jobs often have fewer language requirements and other qualifications, allowing for quicker job placements. Additionally, there is a negative correlation between strict labor market regulations, such as enhanced job security measures, and the likelihood of Ukrainian refugees finding employment. Furthermore, a negative correlation exists between the growth rate of unemployment and the employment of Ukrainian refugees, suggesting that newcomers are less likely to secure jobs in countries with increasing unemployment.
Social infrastructure significantly impacts the labor market integration of Ukrainian refugees, many of whom are women with children. Consequently, our regression analysis shows that the availability of childcare is correlated with refugees’ employment rate. Countries with better childcare facilities tend to see higher employment rates among refugees, as this infrastructure supports the ability of parents, particularly mothers, to enter the workforce. Similarly, comprehensive access to health services also correlates with higher employment rates, as it ensures that refugees are physically and mentally able to work. Interestingly, the relationship between social transfer payments, measured by the ratio of costs for caring for Ukrainian refugee per capita to the gross domestic product per capita of the respective host country, and employment rates is small and statistically insignificant. While it is often assumed that transfer payments play a central role in employment, this hypothesis is not confirmed in our analysis. However, social networks play a critical role in the employment integration of refugees. Countries with a larger Ukrainian community often report higher employment rates among Ukrainian refugees. Additionally, a strong command of English within the destination-country population positively corelates with employment rates, probably because it facilitates better communication and with that integration into the labor market.
The integration policy strategies across EU member states and other European countries vary significantly. Some nations adopt a "work first" approach, prioritizing immediate employment without initial preparatory measures such as language courses or qualification measures. This strategy aims at quick job placement but often overlooks the need for the development of comprehensive skill. In contrast, other countries focus on the long-term, sustainable integration into the labor market. These nations implement comprehensive language programs, qualification measures, and targeted job placements that align more closely with the refugees' qualifications. Although this approach may result in so-called "lock-in" effects, where refugees might experience a delayed entry into the labor market, it is more likely to lead to stable employment relationships, jobs that match the refugees' skills, and higher earnings over time. Scandinavian studies underscore these differences in outcomes. Countries that emphasize the "work first" model tend to show higher employment rates for refugees in the short term. However, nations that invest in education and language acquisition demonstrate better integration results in the medium and long term. This success extends beyond mere employment rates and earnings to include broader aspects of social inclusion and quality of life for refugees. Such findings highlight the importance of tailored integration policies that consider both immediate employment needs and long-term societal benefits.
The multivariate analyses further confirm the significant impact of demographic factors, particularly family constellation, on labor market integration. There is a statistically significant negative correlation between employment rates and older age and having more children per working-age woman. Finally, the data reveals a positive time trend: employment rates for all demographic groups tend to increase with the length of their residence. This suggests that many of the initial barriers to employment faced by refugees diminish over time, indicating that with longer stays, refugees are more likely to overcome these initial challenges and secure employment.
Overall, this report underscores that Germany, with its comprehensive long-term integration strategies, is well-positioned to significantly enhance the employment rates of Ukrainian refugees over the medium to long term. Insights from refugees who arrived between 2013 and 2019 validate this potential, with employment rates reaching 68 percent eight years after arrival. These findings emphasize the necessity of continually reassessing and refining integration strategies to effectively promote the integration of refugees. Such adjustments are crucial not only for improving the immediate economic prospects of refugees but also for contributing to the broader economy, ultimately yielding substantial long-term benefits.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Gatskova, Kseniia; Koch, Theresa; Adunts, Davit; Braunfels, Joseph; Goßner, Laura; Konle-Seidl, Regina; Schwanhäuser, Silvia; Vandenhirtz, Marie
Arbeitsmarktintegration ukrainischer Geflüchteter: Eine internationale Perspektive Technical Report
IAB-Forschungsbericht 16/2024 2024.
@techreport{Kosyakova2024d,
title = {Arbeitsmarktintegration ukrainischer Gefl\"{u}chteter: Eine internationale Perspektive},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Kseniia Gatskova and Theresa Koch and Davit Adunts and Joseph Braunfels and Laura Go\ssner and Regina Konle-Seidl and Silvia Schwanh\"{a}user and Marie Vandenhirtz},
url = {https://doku.iab.de/forschungsbericht/2024/fb1624.pdf},
doi = {10.48720/IAB.FB.2416},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-07-17},
urldate = {2024-07-17},
institution = {IAB-Forschungsbericht 16/2024},
abstract = {Dieser Forschungsbericht untersucht die Arbeitsmarktintegration ukrainischer Gefl\"{u}chteter in verschiedenen europ\"{a}ischen L\"{a}ndern, darunter viele EU-Mitgliedsstaaten sowie Gro\ssbritannien, die Schweiz und Norwegen, im Zeitraum vom 4. Quartal 2022 bis zum 1. Quartal 2024. Ein direkter Vergleich der Besch\"{a}ftigungsquoten ukrainischer Gefl\"{u}chteter zwischen verschiedenen L\"{a}ndern wird aufgrund der fehlenden Verf\"{u}gbarkeit einer harmonisierten Datenquelle wie der europ\"{a}ischen Arbeitskr\"{a}fteerhebung (Labor Force Survey, LFS) erschwert. F\"{u}r diese Studie wurde daher eine umfassende Datenbank geschaffen, die die Besch\"{a}ftigungsdaten zu vergleichbaren Zeitpunkten und basierend auf denselben Definitionen harmonisiert. In den L\"{a}ndern, wo diese zur Verf\"{u}gung stehen, werden administrative Besch\"{a}ftigungsdaten genutzt. In den \"{u}brigen L\"{a}ndern beruhen die Besch\"{a}ftigungsdaten hingegen auf unterschiedlichen Befragungen, die zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten erhoben wurden. Dar\"{u}ber hinaus wurden Indikatoren, die nach dem bisherigen Forschungsstand die Arbeitsmarktintegration beeinflussen, ebenfalls auf der Grundlage vergleichbarer Daten und Definitionen zusammengestellt.
Die Besch\"{a}ftigungsquoten ukrainischer Gefl\"{u}chteter in Europa weisen im Beobachtungszeitraum erhebliche Unterschiede auf. Am Ende des Bobachtungszeitraums im ersten Quartal 2024 lag Deutschland mit einer Besch\"{a}ftigungsquote von knapp 27 Prozent im europ\"{a}ischen Mittelfeld. Ende 2022 lagen die Quoten in L\"{a}ndern wie Gro\ssbritannien, den Niederlanden und Litauen bei \"{u}ber 50 Prozent, wohingegen sie sich in Kroatien, Norwegen, Rum\"{a}nien, Slowenien, der Schweiz und Spanien auf unter 15 Prozent beliefen. Mit einer Besch\"{a}ftigungsquote von 20 Prozent positionierte sich Deutschland Ende 2022 ebenfalls im europ\"{a}ischen Mittelfeld. Im Untersuchungszeitraum zwischen dem vierten Quartal 2022 und dem ersten Quartal 2024 sind die Besch\"{a}ftigungsquoten in der Mehrzahl der untersuchten L\"{a}nder mehr oder weniger deutlich gestiegen. Auch in Deutschland haben sich die Quoten, sieht man von Saisoneffekten ab, kontinuierlich auf 27 Prozent erh\"{o}ht.
Um die Gr\"{u}nde f\"{u}r die unterschiedlichen Besch\"{a}ftigungsquoten ukrainischer Gefl\"{u}chteter zu ergr\"{u}nden, analysiert dieser Bericht die Zusammenh\"{a}nge zwischen den Besch\"{a}ftigungsquoten und verschiedenen demografischen, institutionellen und wirtschaftlichen Faktoren. Das Ziel der Analyse ist es, einen ersten umfassenderen \"{U}berblick \"{u}ber die Determinanten der Arbeitsmarktintegration von Gefl\"{u}chteten zu zeichnen und herauszufinden, welchen Einfluss diese Faktoren tats\"{a}chlich haben. Es handelt sich allerdings nicht um kausale, sondern um deskriptive Analysen, die nur einen ersten Eindruck von den Zusammenh\"{a}ngen vermitteln k\"{o}nnen.
Den multivariaten Analysen zufolge bestehen zwischen den Besch\"{a}ftigungsquoten ukrainischer Gefl\"{u}chteter auf der einen und der demografischen Zusammensetzung der Neuank\"{o}mmlinge sowie den institutionellen und wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen in den Ziell\"{a}ndern auf der anderen Seite starke statistische Zusammenh\"{a}nge. So verzeichnen L\"{a}nder mit h\"{o}herer Nachfrage nach gering qualifizierten Arbeitskr\"{a}ften \textendash gemessen am Anteil der Besch\"{a}ftigten in Berufen mit niedrigem Qualifikationsniveau \textendash h\"{o}here Besch\"{a}ftigungsquoten. Dies k\"{o}nnte darauf zur\"{u}ckzuf\"{u}hren sein, dass diese Jobs an geringere sprachliche, rechtliche und sonstige Voraussetzungen gebunden sind und entsprechend schneller besetzt werden k\"{o}nnen. Ein negativer Zusammenhang besteht zwischen der Besch\"{a}ftigungswahrscheinlichkeit von ukrainischen Gefl\"{u}chteten und einer starken Arbeitsmarktregulierung wie z. B. einem st\"{a}rkeren K\"{u}ndigungsschutz. Zudem besteht ein negativer Zusammenhang zwischen dem Wachstum der Arbeitslosigkeit im Vergleich zum Vorjahr und der Besch\"{a}ftigung von ukrainischen Gefl\"{u}chteten. Das deutet darauf hin, dass in den L\"{a}ndern mit steigender Arbeitslosigkeit die Chancen f\"{u}r Neuank\"{o}mmlinge, eine Anstellung zu finden, besonders gering sind.
Die soziale Infrastruktur spielt ebenfalls eine Rolle: Da die meisten ukrainischen Gefl\"{u}chteten Frauen mit Kindern sind, h\"{a}ngt die Besch\"{a}ftigungsquote der Gefl\"{u}chteten in hohem Ma\sse auch von der Verf\"{u}gbarkeit einer Kinderbetreuung ab. Daher geht eine bessere Kinderbetreuungsinfrastruktur mit einer h\"{o}heren Besch\"{a}ftigungsquote einher. Ein umfassender Zugang zu Gesundheitsleistungen erh\"{o}ht ebenfalls die Besch\"{a}ftigungsquoten. Interessanterweise ergab sich nur ein kleiner, statistisch nicht signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen Besch\"{a}ftigungsquoten und sozialen Transferleistungen \textendash gemessen am Verh\"{a}ltnis der Kosten f\"{u}r ukrainische Gefl\"{u}chteten pro Kopf zum Bruttoinlandsprodukt pro Kopf. W\"{a}hrend h\"{a}ufig vermutet wird, dass die Transferleistungen eine zentrale Rolle f\"{u}r die Besch\"{a}ftigung spielen, wird diese Hypothese in unserer Analyse nicht best\"{a}tigt. Bedeutsam sind jedoch soziale Netzwerke: L\"{a}nder mit einem h\"{o}heren Anteil ukrainischer Staatsangeh\"{o}riger an der Bev\"{o}lkerung weisen h\"{o}here Besch\"{a}ftigungsquoten auf. Zudem beeinflussen ausgepr\"{a}gte Englischkenntnisse in der Bev\"{o}lkerung die Besch\"{a}ftigungsquoten positiv, wahrscheinlich weil sie die Kommunikation und damit auch die Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt erleichtern.
Die untersuchten L\"{a}nder verfolgen auch unterschiedliche integrationspolitische Strategien. So verfolgt ein Teil der L\"{a}nder einen „work first“-Ansatz, der auf die kurzfristige Aufnahme von Besch\"{a}ftigungsverh\"{a}ltnissen ohne vorbereitende Ma\ssnahmen wie Sprachkurse, Qualifizierungsma\ssnahmen u. \"{a}. setzt. Demgegen\"{u}ber setzen andere L\"{a}nder auf eine langfristige, nachhaltig angelegte Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt, u. a. durch Sprach- und Qualifizierungsprogramme sowie eine zielgerichtete Arbeitsvermittlung, um l\"{a}ngerfristige und der Qualifikation eher entsprechende Besch\"{a}ftigungsverh\"{a}ltnisse zu schaffen. Letztgenannte Strategie kann kurzfristig zu sogenannten „Lock-in“-Effekten f\"{u}hren, aber langfristig eher zu stabileren Besch\"{a}ftigungsverh\"{a}ltnissen, einer qualifikationsad\"{a}quaten Besch\"{a}ftigung und h\"{o}heren Verdiensten f\"{u}hren. Skandinavische Studien zeigen, dass L\"{a}nder, die auf „work first“-Ans\"{a}tze setzen, zwar kurzfristig h\"{o}here Besch\"{a}ftigungsquoten von Gefl\"{u}chteten aufweisen, aber L\"{a}nder, die anfangs gezielt in Bildung und Spracherwerb investieren, mittel- und langfristig bessere Integrationsergebnisse erreichen. Das gilt nicht nur f\"{u}r die Besch\"{a}ftigungsquote und Verdienste, sondern auch die soziale Eingliederung insgesamt und die Lebensqualit\"{a}t der Gefl\"{u}chteten.
Des Weiteren zeigen die multivariaten Analysen, dass demografische Faktoren und vor allem die Familienkonstellation eine zentrale Rolle spielen. So besteht ein statistisch signifikanter negativer Zusammenhang zwischen Alter und Kinderzahl pro Frau im erwerbsf\"{a}higen Alter und Besch\"{a}ftigungsquoten.
Die Besch\"{a}ftigungsquote steigen f\"{u}r alle Gruppen \"{u}ber die Zeit. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass ein erheblicher Teil der anf\"{a}nglichen H\"{u}rden mit zunehmender Aufenthaltsdauer \"{u}berwunden werden k\"{o}nnen.
Insgesamt zeigt dieser Bericht, dass Deutschland durch seine langfristig angelegten Integrationsstrategien mittel- bis langfristig gute Chancen hat, die Besch\"{a}ftigungsquoten ukrainischer Gefl\"{u}chteter noch erheblich zu steigern. Die positiven Entwicklungen bei den 2013 bis 2019 eingewanderten Gefl\"{u}chteten untermauern diese Einsch\"{a}tzung: Acht Jahre nach ihrer Ankunft sind 68 Prozent der 2013 bis 2019 eingewanderten Gefl\"{u}chteten im Durchschnitt erwerbst\"{a}tig. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit, Integrationsstrategien kontinuierlich zu evaluieren und gegebenenfalls anzupassen, um die Integration effektiv zu f\"{o}rdern. Davon profitieren langfristig sowohl die Gefl\"{u}chteten als auch deren Gastland.
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Dieser Forschungsbericht untersucht die Arbeitsmarktintegration ukrainischer Geflüchteter in verschiedenen europäischen Ländern, darunter viele EU-Mitgliedsstaaten sowie Großbritannien, die Schweiz und Norwegen, im Zeitraum vom 4. Quartal 2022 bis zum 1. Quartal 2024. Ein direkter Vergleich der Beschäftigungsquoten ukrainischer Geflüchteter zwischen verschiedenen Ländern wird aufgrund der fehlenden Verfügbarkeit einer harmonisierten Datenquelle wie der europäischen Arbeitskräfteerhebung (Labor Force Survey, LFS) erschwert. Für diese Studie wurde daher eine umfassende Datenbank geschaffen, die die Beschäftigungsdaten zu vergleichbaren Zeitpunkten und basierend auf denselben Definitionen harmonisiert. In den Ländern, wo diese zur Verfügung stehen, werden administrative Beschäftigungsdaten genutzt. In den übrigen Ländern beruhen die Beschäftigungsdaten hingegen auf unterschiedlichen Befragungen, die zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten erhoben wurden. Darüber hinaus wurden Indikatoren, die nach dem bisherigen Forschungsstand die Arbeitsmarktintegration beeinflussen, ebenfalls auf der Grundlage vergleichbarer Daten und Definitionen zusammengestellt.
Die Beschäftigungsquoten ukrainischer Geflüchteter in Europa weisen im Beobachtungszeitraum erhebliche Unterschiede auf. Am Ende des Bobachtungszeitraums im ersten Quartal 2024 lag Deutschland mit einer Beschäftigungsquote von knapp 27 Prozent im europäischen Mittelfeld. Ende 2022 lagen die Quoten in Ländern wie Großbritannien, den Niederlanden und Litauen bei über 50 Prozent, wohingegen sie sich in Kroatien, Norwegen, Rumänien, Slowenien, der Schweiz und Spanien auf unter 15 Prozent beliefen. Mit einer Beschäftigungsquote von 20 Prozent positionierte sich Deutschland Ende 2022 ebenfalls im europäischen Mittelfeld. Im Untersuchungszeitraum zwischen dem vierten Quartal 2022 und dem ersten Quartal 2024 sind die Beschäftigungsquoten in der Mehrzahl der untersuchten Länder mehr oder weniger deutlich gestiegen. Auch in Deutschland haben sich die Quoten, sieht man von Saisoneffekten ab, kontinuierlich auf 27 Prozent erhöht.
Um die Gründe für die unterschiedlichen Beschäftigungsquoten ukrainischer Geflüchteter zu ergründen, analysiert dieser Bericht die Zusammenhänge zwischen den Beschäftigungsquoten und verschiedenen demografischen, institutionellen und wirtschaftlichen Faktoren. Das Ziel der Analyse ist es, einen ersten umfassenderen Überblick über die Determinanten der Arbeitsmarktintegration von Geflüchteten zu zeichnen und herauszufinden, welchen Einfluss diese Faktoren tatsächlich haben. Es handelt sich allerdings nicht um kausale, sondern um deskriptive Analysen, die nur einen ersten Eindruck von den Zusammenhängen vermitteln können.
Den multivariaten Analysen zufolge bestehen zwischen den Beschäftigungsquoten ukrainischer Geflüchteter auf der einen und der demografischen Zusammensetzung der Neuankömmlinge sowie den institutionellen und wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen in den Zielländern auf der anderen Seite starke statistische Zusammenhänge. So verzeichnen Länder mit höherer Nachfrage nach gering qualifizierten Arbeitskräften – gemessen am Anteil der Beschäftigten in Berufen mit niedrigem Qualifikationsniveau – höhere Beschäftigungsquoten. Dies könnte darauf zurückzuführen sein, dass diese Jobs an geringere sprachliche, rechtliche und sonstige Voraussetzungen gebunden sind und entsprechend schneller besetzt werden können. Ein negativer Zusammenhang besteht zwischen der Beschäftigungswahrscheinlichkeit von ukrainischen Geflüchteten und einer starken Arbeitsmarktregulierung wie z. B. einem stärkeren Kündigungsschutz. Zudem besteht ein negativer Zusammenhang zwischen dem Wachstum der Arbeitslosigkeit im Vergleich zum Vorjahr und der Beschäftigung von ukrainischen Geflüchteten. Das deutet darauf hin, dass in den Ländern mit steigender Arbeitslosigkeit die Chancen für Neuankömmlinge, eine Anstellung zu finden, besonders gering sind.
Die soziale Infrastruktur spielt ebenfalls eine Rolle: Da die meisten ukrainischen Geflüchteten Frauen mit Kindern sind, hängt die Beschäftigungsquote der Geflüchteten in hohem Maße auch von der Verfügbarkeit einer Kinderbetreuung ab. Daher geht eine bessere Kinderbetreuungsinfrastruktur mit einer höheren Beschäftigungsquote einher. Ein umfassender Zugang zu Gesundheitsleistungen erhöht ebenfalls die Beschäftigungsquoten. Interessanterweise ergab sich nur ein kleiner, statistisch nicht signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen Beschäftigungsquoten und sozialen Transferleistungen – gemessen am Verhältnis der Kosten für ukrainische Geflüchteten pro Kopf zum Bruttoinlandsprodukt pro Kopf. Während häufig vermutet wird, dass die Transferleistungen eine zentrale Rolle für die Beschäftigung spielen, wird diese Hypothese in unserer Analyse nicht bestätigt. Bedeutsam sind jedoch soziale Netzwerke: Länder mit einem höheren Anteil ukrainischer Staatsangehöriger an der Bevölkerung weisen höhere Beschäftigungsquoten auf. Zudem beeinflussen ausgeprägte Englischkenntnisse in der Bevölkerung die Beschäftigungsquoten positiv, wahrscheinlich weil sie die Kommunikation und damit auch die Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt erleichtern.
Die untersuchten Länder verfolgen auch unterschiedliche integrationspolitische Strategien. So verfolgt ein Teil der Länder einen „work first“-Ansatz, der auf die kurzfristige Aufnahme von Beschäftigungsverhältnissen ohne vorbereitende Maßnahmen wie Sprachkurse, Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen u. ä. setzt. Demgegenüber setzen andere Länder auf eine langfristige, nachhaltig angelegte Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt, u. a. durch Sprach- und Qualifizierungsprogramme sowie eine zielgerichtete Arbeitsvermittlung, um längerfristige und der Qualifikation eher entsprechende Beschäftigungsverhältnisse zu schaffen. Letztgenannte Strategie kann kurzfristig zu sogenannten „Lock-in“-Effekten führen, aber langfristig eher zu stabileren Beschäftigungsverhältnissen, einer qualifikationsadäquaten Beschäftigung und höheren Verdiensten führen. Skandinavische Studien zeigen, dass Länder, die auf „work first“-Ansätze setzen, zwar kurzfristig höhere Beschäftigungsquoten von Geflüchteten aufweisen, aber Länder, die anfangs gezielt in Bildung und Spracherwerb investieren, mittel- und langfristig bessere Integrationsergebnisse erreichen. Das gilt nicht nur für die Beschäftigungsquote und Verdienste, sondern auch die soziale Eingliederung insgesamt und die Lebensqualität der Geflüchteten.
Des Weiteren zeigen die multivariaten Analysen, dass demografische Faktoren und vor allem die Familienkonstellation eine zentrale Rolle spielen. So besteht ein statistisch signifikanter negativer Zusammenhang zwischen Alter und Kinderzahl pro Frau im erwerbsfähigen Alter und Beschäftigungsquoten.
Die Beschäftigungsquote steigen für alle Gruppen über die Zeit. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass ein erheblicher Teil der anfänglichen Hürden mit zunehmender Aufenthaltsdauer überwunden werden können.
Insgesamt zeigt dieser Bericht, dass Deutschland durch seine langfristig angelegten Integrationsstrategien mittel- bis langfristig gute Chancen hat, die Beschäftigungsquoten ukrainischer Geflüchteter noch erheblich zu steigern. Die positiven Entwicklungen bei den 2013 bis 2019 eingewanderten Geflüchteten untermauern diese Einschätzung: Acht Jahre nach ihrer Ankunft sind 68 Prozent der 2013 bis 2019 eingewanderten Geflüchteten im Durchschnitt erwerbstätig. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit, Integrationsstrategien kontinuierlich zu evaluieren und gegebenenfalls anzupassen, um die Integration effektiv zu fördern. Davon profitieren langfristig sowohl die Geflüchteten als auch deren Gastland.
Die Beschäftigungsquoten ukrainischer Geflüchteter in Europa weisen im Beobachtungszeitraum erhebliche Unterschiede auf. Am Ende des Bobachtungszeitraums im ersten Quartal 2024 lag Deutschland mit einer Beschäftigungsquote von knapp 27 Prozent im europäischen Mittelfeld. Ende 2022 lagen die Quoten in Ländern wie Großbritannien, den Niederlanden und Litauen bei über 50 Prozent, wohingegen sie sich in Kroatien, Norwegen, Rumänien, Slowenien, der Schweiz und Spanien auf unter 15 Prozent beliefen. Mit einer Beschäftigungsquote von 20 Prozent positionierte sich Deutschland Ende 2022 ebenfalls im europäischen Mittelfeld. Im Untersuchungszeitraum zwischen dem vierten Quartal 2022 und dem ersten Quartal 2024 sind die Beschäftigungsquoten in der Mehrzahl der untersuchten Länder mehr oder weniger deutlich gestiegen. Auch in Deutschland haben sich die Quoten, sieht man von Saisoneffekten ab, kontinuierlich auf 27 Prozent erhöht.
Um die Gründe für die unterschiedlichen Beschäftigungsquoten ukrainischer Geflüchteter zu ergründen, analysiert dieser Bericht die Zusammenhänge zwischen den Beschäftigungsquoten und verschiedenen demografischen, institutionellen und wirtschaftlichen Faktoren. Das Ziel der Analyse ist es, einen ersten umfassenderen Überblick über die Determinanten der Arbeitsmarktintegration von Geflüchteten zu zeichnen und herauszufinden, welchen Einfluss diese Faktoren tatsächlich haben. Es handelt sich allerdings nicht um kausale, sondern um deskriptive Analysen, die nur einen ersten Eindruck von den Zusammenhängen vermitteln können.
Den multivariaten Analysen zufolge bestehen zwischen den Beschäftigungsquoten ukrainischer Geflüchteter auf der einen und der demografischen Zusammensetzung der Neuankömmlinge sowie den institutionellen und wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen in den Zielländern auf der anderen Seite starke statistische Zusammenhänge. So verzeichnen Länder mit höherer Nachfrage nach gering qualifizierten Arbeitskräften – gemessen am Anteil der Beschäftigten in Berufen mit niedrigem Qualifikationsniveau – höhere Beschäftigungsquoten. Dies könnte darauf zurückzuführen sein, dass diese Jobs an geringere sprachliche, rechtliche und sonstige Voraussetzungen gebunden sind und entsprechend schneller besetzt werden können. Ein negativer Zusammenhang besteht zwischen der Beschäftigungswahrscheinlichkeit von ukrainischen Geflüchteten und einer starken Arbeitsmarktregulierung wie z. B. einem stärkeren Kündigungsschutz. Zudem besteht ein negativer Zusammenhang zwischen dem Wachstum der Arbeitslosigkeit im Vergleich zum Vorjahr und der Beschäftigung von ukrainischen Geflüchteten. Das deutet darauf hin, dass in den Ländern mit steigender Arbeitslosigkeit die Chancen für Neuankömmlinge, eine Anstellung zu finden, besonders gering sind.
Die soziale Infrastruktur spielt ebenfalls eine Rolle: Da die meisten ukrainischen Geflüchteten Frauen mit Kindern sind, hängt die Beschäftigungsquote der Geflüchteten in hohem Maße auch von der Verfügbarkeit einer Kinderbetreuung ab. Daher geht eine bessere Kinderbetreuungsinfrastruktur mit einer höheren Beschäftigungsquote einher. Ein umfassender Zugang zu Gesundheitsleistungen erhöht ebenfalls die Beschäftigungsquoten. Interessanterweise ergab sich nur ein kleiner, statistisch nicht signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen Beschäftigungsquoten und sozialen Transferleistungen – gemessen am Verhältnis der Kosten für ukrainische Geflüchteten pro Kopf zum Bruttoinlandsprodukt pro Kopf. Während häufig vermutet wird, dass die Transferleistungen eine zentrale Rolle für die Beschäftigung spielen, wird diese Hypothese in unserer Analyse nicht bestätigt. Bedeutsam sind jedoch soziale Netzwerke: Länder mit einem höheren Anteil ukrainischer Staatsangehöriger an der Bevölkerung weisen höhere Beschäftigungsquoten auf. Zudem beeinflussen ausgeprägte Englischkenntnisse in der Bevölkerung die Beschäftigungsquoten positiv, wahrscheinlich weil sie die Kommunikation und damit auch die Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt erleichtern.
Die untersuchten Länder verfolgen auch unterschiedliche integrationspolitische Strategien. So verfolgt ein Teil der Länder einen „work first“-Ansatz, der auf die kurzfristige Aufnahme von Beschäftigungsverhältnissen ohne vorbereitende Maßnahmen wie Sprachkurse, Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen u. ä. setzt. Demgegenüber setzen andere Länder auf eine langfristige, nachhaltig angelegte Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt, u. a. durch Sprach- und Qualifizierungsprogramme sowie eine zielgerichtete Arbeitsvermittlung, um längerfristige und der Qualifikation eher entsprechende Beschäftigungsverhältnisse zu schaffen. Letztgenannte Strategie kann kurzfristig zu sogenannten „Lock-in“-Effekten führen, aber langfristig eher zu stabileren Beschäftigungsverhältnissen, einer qualifikationsadäquaten Beschäftigung und höheren Verdiensten führen. Skandinavische Studien zeigen, dass Länder, die auf „work first“-Ansätze setzen, zwar kurzfristig höhere Beschäftigungsquoten von Geflüchteten aufweisen, aber Länder, die anfangs gezielt in Bildung und Spracherwerb investieren, mittel- und langfristig bessere Integrationsergebnisse erreichen. Das gilt nicht nur für die Beschäftigungsquote und Verdienste, sondern auch die soziale Eingliederung insgesamt und die Lebensqualität der Geflüchteten.
Des Weiteren zeigen die multivariaten Analysen, dass demografische Faktoren und vor allem die Familienkonstellation eine zentrale Rolle spielen. So besteht ein statistisch signifikanter negativer Zusammenhang zwischen Alter und Kinderzahl pro Frau im erwerbsfähigen Alter und Beschäftigungsquoten.
Die Beschäftigungsquote steigen für alle Gruppen über die Zeit. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass ein erheblicher Teil der anfänglichen Hürden mit zunehmender Aufenthaltsdauer überwunden werden können.
Insgesamt zeigt dieser Bericht, dass Deutschland durch seine langfristig angelegten Integrationsstrategien mittel- bis langfristig gute Chancen hat, die Beschäftigungsquoten ukrainischer Geflüchteter noch erheblich zu steigern. Die positiven Entwicklungen bei den 2013 bis 2019 eingewanderten Geflüchteten untermauern diese Einschätzung: Acht Jahre nach ihrer Ankunft sind 68 Prozent der 2013 bis 2019 eingewanderten Geflüchteten im Durchschnitt erwerbstätig. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit, Integrationsstrategien kontinuierlich zu evaluieren und gegebenenfalls anzupassen, um die Integration effektiv zu fördern. Davon profitieren langfristig sowohl die Geflüchteten als auch deren Gastland.
Gundacker, Lidwina; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Schneider, Gerald
Ob jemand als Flüchtling anerkannt wird, hängt auch von der herrschenden Stimmung ab Miscellaneous
KATAPULT Ausgabe 34 / 2024, 2024.
@misc{Gundacker2024bb,
title = { Ob jemand als Fl\"{u}chtling anerkannt wird, h\"{a}ngt auch von der herrschenden Stimmung ab},
author = {Gundacker, Lidwina and Kosyakova, Yuliya and Schneider, Gerald},
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van Tubergen, Frank; Wachter, Gusta G.; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kogan, Irena
Return intentions among Ukrainian refugees in Europe: A Cross-National Study Journal Article
In: International Migration, 2024.
@article{nokey,
title = {Return intentions among Ukrainian refugees in Europe: A Cross-National Study},
author = {Frank van Tubergen and Gusta G. Wachter and Yuliya Kosyakova and Irena Kogan },
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/imig.13291},
doi = {10.1111/imig.13291},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-06-22},
urldate = {2024-05-28},
journal = {International Migration},
abstract = {This study examines the return intentions of Ukrainian refugee women who fled to various European countries following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. By analysing data from the cross-national OneUA survey, which included over 18,000 respondents in eight European countries, this research investigates the interplay of contextual, compositional, and cross-level interaction effects on their intentions to return to Ukraine. Our findings reveal notable country differences in return intentions, with Ukrainian women in the Netherlands and Germany displaying the lowest intentions to return, while those in Moldova and Romania showing the highest. Individual-level effects, encompassing factors such as level of education, language skills, partnership status, and region of origin play a significant role in shaping return intentions, yet do not explain the observed country variations. Furthermore, we find that individual-level effects are remarkably consistent across different European countries, suggesting that country- and individual-level conditions independently shape return intentions. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the complexities underlying refugees' return intentions, shedding light on both the broad influences of country context and the significance of individual characteristics.
},
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This study examines the return intentions of Ukrainian refugee women who fled to various European countries following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. By analysing data from the cross-national OneUA survey, which included over 18,000 respondents in eight European countries, this research investigates the interplay of contextual, compositional, and cross-level interaction effects on their intentions to return to Ukraine. Our findings reveal notable country differences in return intentions, with Ukrainian women in the Netherlands and Germany displaying the lowest intentions to return, while those in Moldova and Romania showing the highest. Individual-level effects, encompassing factors such as level of education, language skills, partnership status, and region of origin play a significant role in shaping return intentions, yet do not explain the observed country variations. Furthermore, we find that individual-level effects are remarkably consistent across different European countries, suggesting that country- and individual-level conditions independently shape return intentions. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the complexities underlying refugees' return intentions, shedding light on both the broad influences of country context and the significance of individual characteristics.
Brücker, Herbert; Ehab, Maye; Jaschke, Philipp; Kosyakova, Yuliya
Institutionelle Hürden beeinflussen Umfang und Qualität der Erwerbstätigkeit von Geflüchteten Technical Report
IAB-Forschungsbericht 12/2024 2024.
@techreport{Br\"{u}cker2024b,
title = {Institutionelle H\"{u}rden beeinflussen Umfang und Qualit\"{a}t der Erwerbst\"{a}tigkeit von Gefl\"{u}chteten},
author = {Br\"{u}cker, Herbert and Maye Ehab and Philipp Jaschke and Kosyakova, Yuliya},
url = {https://doku.iab.de/forschungsbericht/2024/fb1224.pdf},
doi = {10.48720/IAB.FB.2412 },
year = {2024},
date = {2024-06-17},
urldate = {2024-06-17},
institution = {IAB-Forschungsbericht 12/2024},
abstract = {Seit dem Ende der COVID-19-Pandemie haben die Erwerbst\"{a}tigenquoten der Gefl\"{u}chteten stark zugenommen und die Qualit\"{a}t der Arbeitsmarktintegration hat sich in vielen Dimensionen merklich verbessert. Im Jahr 2022 erreichte die durchschnittliche Erwerbst\"{a}tigenquote der 2015 zugezogenen Gefl\"{u}chteten 64 Prozent, die der 2014 und 2013 Zugezogenen 68 Prozent. Angesichts der kontinuierlichen Steigerung der Erwerbst\"{a}tigenquoten seit dem Ende der Pandemie ist eine weitere Angleichung an den Bev\"{o}lkerungsdurchschnitt zu erwarten.},
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Seit dem Ende der COVID-19-Pandemie haben die Erwerbstätigenquoten der Geflüchteten stark zugenommen und die Qualität der Arbeitsmarktintegration hat sich in vielen Dimensionen merklich verbessert. Im Jahr 2022 erreichte die durchschnittliche Erwerbstätigenquote der 2015 zugezogenen Geflüchteten 64 Prozent, die der 2014 und 2013 Zugezogenen 68 Prozent. Angesichts der kontinuierlichen Steigerung der Erwerbstätigenquoten seit dem Ende der Pandemie ist eine weitere Angleichung an den Bevölkerungsdurchschnitt zu erwarten.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Brücker, Herbert
Zur Arbeitsmarktintegration von Geflüchteten aus der Ukraine: Eine Simulationsstudie Technical Report
IAB-Forschungsbericht 9|2024 2024.
@techreport{Kosyakova2024c,
title = {Zur Arbeitsmarktintegration von Gefl\"{u}chteten aus der Ukraine: Eine Simulationsstudie},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Herbert Br\"{u}cker},
url = {https://doku.iab.de/forschungsbericht/2024/fb0924.pdf},
doi = {10.48720/IAB.FB.2409},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-05-24},
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Brücker, Herbert; Hauptmann, Andreas; Keita, Sekou; Kosyakova, Yuliya
Die Arbeitsmarktsituation von ausländischen Staatsangehörigen nach Geschlecht Technical Report
IAB-Forschungsbericht 6|2024 2024.
@techreport{Br\"{u}cker2024,
title = {Die Arbeitsmarktsituation von ausl\"{a}ndischen Staatsangeh\"{o}rigen nach Geschlecht},
author = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Andreas Hauptmann and Sekou Keita and Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {https://doku.iab.de/forschungsbericht/2024/fb0624.pdf},
doi = {10.48720/IAB.FB.2406},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-04-24},
institution = {IAB-Forschungsbericht 6|2024},
abstract = {Der Zeitraum 2010 bis 2022 ist tendenziell gepr\"{a}gt von steigenden Besch\"{a}ftigungsquoten und sinkenden Arbeitslosenquoten bzw. SGB-II-Leistungsbezugsquoten. Dies gilt sowohl f\"{u}r deutsche und ausl\"{a}ndische Staatsangeh\"{o}rige als auch f\"{u}r M\"{a}nner und Frauen. Wichtige Ausnahmen bilden hier beispielsweise die Covid-19 Pandemie und die Folgen des Angriffskriegs von Russland auf die Ukraine.},
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Der Zeitraum 2010 bis 2022 ist tendenziell geprägt von steigenden Beschäftigungsquoten und sinkenden Arbeitslosenquoten bzw. SGB-II-Leistungsbezugsquoten. Dies gilt sowohl für deutsche und ausländische Staatsangehörige als auch für Männer und Frauen. Wichtige Ausnahmen bilden hier beispielsweise die Covid-19 Pandemie und die Folgen des Angriffskriegs von Russland auf die Ukraine.
Brücker, Herbert; Ehab, Maye; Jaschke, Philipp; Kosyakova, Yuliya
Arbeitsmarktintegration von Geflüchteten: Verbesserte institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen fördern die Erwerbstätigkeit Technical Report
IAB-Kurzbericht 10/2024 2024.
@techreport{Bruecker2024,
title = {Arbeitsmarktintegration von Gefl\"{u}chteten: Verbesserte institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen f\"{o}rdern die Erwerbst\"{a}tigkeit},
author = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Maye Ehab and Philipp Jaschke and Yuliya Kosyakova
},
url = {https://doku.iab.de/kurzber/2024/kb2024-10.pdf},
doi = {10.48720/IAB.KB.2410},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-04-18},
urldate = {2024-04-18},
journal = {IAB-Kurzbericht},
volume = {10/2024},
institution = {IAB-Kurzbericht 10/2024},
abstract = {Die Arbeitsmarktintegration von Gefl\"{u}chteten wird insbesondere zu Beginn ihres Aufenthalts durch verschiedene institutionelle H\"{u}rden wie Asylverfahren, Besch\"{a}ftigungsverbote und Wohnsitzauflagen beeintr\"{a}chtigt, die im Zeitverlauf abgebaut werden. Das zeigen Analysen auf Basis der IAB-BAMF-SOEPBefragung von Gefl\"{u}chteten. Sprachund andere Integrationsprogramme erleichtern zudem schrittweise die Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt. Dies spiegelt sich in dem Anstieg der Erwerbst\"{a}tigenquote der 2015 zugezogenen Gefl\"{u}chteten auf knapp zwei Drittel im Jahr 2022 wider.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Die Arbeitsmarktintegration von Geflüchteten wird insbesondere zu Beginn ihres Aufenthalts durch verschiedene institutionelle Hürden wie Asylverfahren, Beschäftigungsverbote und Wohnsitzauflagen beeinträchtigt, die im Zeitverlauf abgebaut werden. Das zeigen Analysen auf Basis der IAB-BAMF-SOEPBefragung von Geflüchteten. Sprachund andere Integrationsprogramme erleichtern zudem schrittweise die Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt. Dies spiegelt sich in dem Anstieg der Erwerbstätigenquote der 2015 zugezogenen Geflüchteten auf knapp zwei Drittel im Jahr 2022 wider.
Gatskova, Kseniia; Kosyakova, Yuliya
Das Arbeitskräftepotenzial ukrainischer Geflüchteter im deutschen Gesundheitssektor Technical Report
IAB-Forum 2024.
@techreport{Gatskova2024,
title = {Das Arbeitskr\"{a}ftepotenzial ukrainischer Gefl\"{u}chteter im deutschen Gesundheitssektor},
author = {Kseniia Gatskova and Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {https://www.iab-forum.de/das-arbeitskraeftepotenzial-ukrainischer-gefluechteter-im-deutschen-gesundheitssektor/},
doi = {10.48720/IAB.FOO.20240417.01},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-04-17},
urldate = {2024-04-17},
journal = {IAB-Forum},
institution = {IAB-Forum},
abstract = {9 Prozent der ukrainischen Gefl\"{u}chteten in Deutschland, die vor ihrer Flucht erwerbst\"{a}tig waren, hatten zuvor in medizinischen Gesundheitsberufen gearbeitet. Um deren Potenzial f\"{u}r den hiesigen Arbeitsmarkt zu erschlie\ssen, sind vor allem schnellere Anerkennungsverfahren, eine gezielte Verbesserung der Sprachf\"{o}rderung sowie die Ber\"{u}cksichtigung der spezifischen Bedarfe weiblicher Fach- und Arbeitskr\"{a}fte erforderlich. Nur so lassen sich Erwerbst\"{a}tigkeit, die Teilnahme an Deutsch- und Integrationskursen und Kinderbetreuungspflichten miteinander vereinbaren.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
9 Prozent der ukrainischen Geflüchteten in Deutschland, die vor ihrer Flucht erwerbstätig waren, hatten zuvor in medizinischen Gesundheitsberufen gearbeitet. Um deren Potenzial für den hiesigen Arbeitsmarkt zu erschließen, sind vor allem schnellere Anerkennungsverfahren, eine gezielte Verbesserung der Sprachförderung sowie die Berücksichtigung der spezifischen Bedarfe weiblicher Fach- und Arbeitskräfte erforderlich. Nur so lassen sich Erwerbstätigkeit, die Teilnahme an Deutsch- und Integrationskursen und Kinderbetreuungspflichten miteinander vereinbaren.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Schwanhäuser, Silvia
Erwerbstätigkeit ukrainischer Geflüchteter in Deutschland: Mütter haben die geringeren Erwerbschancen Technical Report
Grafik aktuell No. 10.04.2024 2024.
@techreport{Kosyakova2024b,
title = {Erwerbst\"{a}tigkeit ukrainischer Gefl\"{u}chteter in Deutschland: M\"{u}tter haben die geringeren Erwerbschancen},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Silvia Schwanh\"{a}user},
url = {https://iab.de/en/publications/publication/?id=2158770},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-04-10},
urldate = {2024-04-10},
institution = {Grafik aktuell No. 10.04.2024},
abstract = {Neben Faktoren wie Deutschkenntnissen, Bildungsabschl\"{u}ssen und Bleibeabsichten beeinflusst auch die Haushaltskonstellation die Erwerbschancen von ukrainischen Gefl\"{u}chteten in Deutschland.
Famili\"{a}re Verpflichtungen wirken sich insbesondere f\"{u}r Frauen negativ auf die Aufnahme einer Erwerbst\"{a}tigkeit aus. So liegt in Familien mit Kindern der Anteil der erwerbst\"{a}tigen Frauen rund 10 Prozentpunkte unter dem der M\"{a}nner. In Familien ohne Kinder hingegen sind Frauen h\"{a}ufiger erwerbst\"{a}tig als M\"{a}nner.
Wegen der mitunter schwierigen Vereinbarkeit von Erwerbst\"{a}tigkeit und Kinderbetreuung sind die Erwerbst\"{a}tigenquoten von Alleinerziehenden eher niedrig. Dies f\"{a}llt besonders bei den Frauen ins Gewicht, da \"{u}ber ein Drittel von Ihnen alleinerziehend sind.},
howpublished = {Grafik aktuell No. 10.04.2024},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Neben Faktoren wie Deutschkenntnissen, Bildungsabschlüssen und Bleibeabsichten beeinflusst auch die Haushaltskonstellation die Erwerbschancen von ukrainischen Geflüchteten in Deutschland.
Familiäre Verpflichtungen wirken sich insbesondere für Frauen negativ auf die Aufnahme einer Erwerbstätigkeit aus. So liegt in Familien mit Kindern der Anteil der erwerbstätigen Frauen rund 10 Prozentpunkte unter dem der Männer. In Familien ohne Kinder hingegen sind Frauen häufiger erwerbstätig als Männer.
Wegen der mitunter schwierigen Vereinbarkeit von Erwerbstätigkeit und Kinderbetreuung sind die Erwerbstätigenquoten von Alleinerziehenden eher niedrig. Dies fällt besonders bei den Frauen ins Gewicht, da über ein Drittel von Ihnen alleinerziehend sind.
Familiäre Verpflichtungen wirken sich insbesondere für Frauen negativ auf die Aufnahme einer Erwerbstätigkeit aus. So liegt in Familien mit Kindern der Anteil der erwerbstätigen Frauen rund 10 Prozentpunkte unter dem der Männer. In Familien ohne Kinder hingegen sind Frauen häufiger erwerbstätig als Männer.
Wegen der mitunter schwierigen Vereinbarkeit von Erwerbstätigkeit und Kinderbetreuung sind die Erwerbstätigenquoten von Alleinerziehenden eher niedrig. Dies fällt besonders bei den Frauen ins Gewicht, da über ein Drittel von Ihnen alleinerziehend sind.
Gundacker, Lidwina; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Schneider, Gerald
Je immigrationsskeptischer die Bevölkerung, desto restriktiver sind die BAMF-Entscheidungen Technical Report
Netzwerk Fluchtforschung 2024.
@techreport{Gundacker2024b,
title = {Je immigrationsskeptischer die Bev\"{o}lkerung, desto restriktiver sind die BAMF-Entscheidungen},
author = {Lidwina Gundacker and Yuliya Kosyakova and Gerald Schneider},
url = {https://fluchtforschung.net/je-immigrationsskeptischer-die-bevoelkerung-desto-restriktiver-sind-die-bamf-entscheidungen/},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-04-09},
urldate = {2024-04-09},
institution = {Netzwerk Fluchtforschung},
abstract = {Der Begriff der Asyllotterie beschreibt die f\"{u}r den Rechtsstaat bedenkliche Tendenz, dass die Schutzquoten f\"{u}r Asylsuchende regional und zeitlich stark variieren. Doch mit den verwendeten Aggregatdaten f\"{u}r einzelne Bundesl\"{a}nder l\"{a}sst sich nicht belegen, dass sich die Erfolgsaussichten f\"{u}r Gefl\"{u}chtete mit einem \"{a}hnlich glaubw\"{u}rdigen Gesuch und vergleichbarem Hintergrund systematisch unterscheiden. Eine Auswertung der IAB-BAMF-SOEP\textendashFl\"{u}chtlingsbefragung geht nun \"{u}ber die Makrobefunde der bisherigen Literatur hinaus und zeigt, dass au\sserrechtliche Faktoren wie die Immigrationsskepsis in einer Region die individuelle Chance, Schutz zu erhalten, ma\ssgeblich mitbestimmen. Sie weist auch nach, dass muslimische Asylsuchende und M\"{a}nner mit ihren Gesuchen beim Bundesamt f\"{u}r Migration und Fl\"{u}chtlinge systematisch geringere Erfolgsaussichten haben.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Der Begriff der Asyllotterie beschreibt die für den Rechtsstaat bedenkliche Tendenz, dass die Schutzquoten für Asylsuchende regional und zeitlich stark variieren. Doch mit den verwendeten Aggregatdaten für einzelne Bundesländer lässt sich nicht belegen, dass sich die Erfolgsaussichten für Geflüchtete mit einem ähnlich glaubwürdigen Gesuch und vergleichbarem Hintergrund systematisch unterscheiden. Eine Auswertung der IAB-BAMF-SOEP–Flüchtlingsbefragung geht nun über die Makrobefunde der bisherigen Literatur hinaus und zeigt, dass außerrechtliche Faktoren wie die Immigrationsskepsis in einer Region die individuelle Chance, Schutz zu erhalten, maßgeblich mitbestimmen. Sie weist auch nach, dass muslimische Asylsuchende und Männer mit ihren Gesuchen beim Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge systematisch geringere Erfolgsaussichten haben.
Agnieszka Kanas, Yuliya Kosyakova
Migration and integration: tackling policy challenges, opportunities and solutions Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Human Dynamics, vol. 6, 2024.
@article{Kanas2024,
title = {Migration and integration: tackling policy challenges, opportunities and solutions},
author = {Agnieszka Kanas, Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fhumd.2024.1394331/full?\&utm_source=Email_to_authors_\&utm_medium=Email\&utm_content=T1_11.5e1_author\&utm_campaign=Email_publication\&field=\&journalName=Frontiers_in_Human_Dynamics\&id=1394331},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2024.1394331},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-03-25},
urldate = {2024-03-25},
journal = {Frontiers in Human Dynamics},
volume = {6},
abstract = {Over recent decades, Europe has witnessed a profound demographic transformation, marked by a significant increase in the foreign-born population. From the late 1990s to 2022, the share of foreign-born individuals in the European Union surged from 3.5 percent to 21 percent, with a substantial portion comprising non-EU nationals (Eurostat, 2022). This demographic shift, propelled by economic migration and humanitarian crises, has fundamentally altered the ethnic and cultural landscape of European societies.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Over recent decades, Europe has witnessed a profound demographic transformation, marked by a significant increase in the foreign-born population. From the late 1990s to 2022, the share of foreign-born individuals in the European Union surged from 3.5 percent to 21 percent, with a substantial portion comprising non-EU nationals (Eurostat, 2022). This demographic shift, propelled by economic migration and humanitarian crises, has fundamentally altered the ethnic and cultural landscape of European societies.
Gundacker, Lidwina; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Schneider, Gerald
How regional attitudes towards immigration shape the chance to obtain asylum: Evidence from Germany Journal Article
In: Migration Studies, 2024.
@article{Gundacker2024,
title = {How regional attitudes towards immigration shape the chance to obtain asylum: Evidence from Germany},
author = {Lidwina Gundacker and Yuliya Kosyakova and Gerald Schneider},
url = {https://academic.oup.com/migration/advance-article/doi/10.1093/migration/mnae002/7623541},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/migration/mnae002},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-03-06},
urldate = {2024-03-06},
journal = {Migration Studies},
abstract = {Asylum recognition rates in advanced democracies differ not only across states but also vary within them, translating into fluctuating individual chances to obtain protection. Existing studies on the determinants of these regional inequities typically rely on aggregate data. Utilizing a German refugee survey and leveraging a quasi- natural experiment arising from state-based allocation rules tied to national dispersal policies, we test two explanations for the perplexing regional differences. Drawing on principal\textendashagent models of administrative decision-making, we test whether asylum decision-makers consciously or unconsciously comply with regional political preferences between 2015 and 2017 in Germany, one of the major European destination countries for refugee migration. We furthermore explore whether such biased decision-making amplifies in times of organizational stress as suggested by the statistical discrimination theory. Using mixed-effects logistic regressions, our analyses confirm a lower approval probability in regions with more immigration-averse residents or governments. We cannot confirm, however, that this association is mediated by high workloads or large knowledge gaps. Our results thus suggest that regional political biases affect the individual chance of asylum-seekers to obtain protection irrespective of temporal administrative conditions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Asylum recognition rates in advanced democracies differ not only across states but also vary within them, translating into fluctuating individual chances to obtain protection. Existing studies on the determinants of these regional inequities typically rely on aggregate data. Utilizing a German refugee survey and leveraging a quasi- natural experiment arising from state-based allocation rules tied to national dispersal policies, we test two explanations for the perplexing regional differences. Drawing on principal–agent models of administrative decision-making, we test whether asylum decision-makers consciously or unconsciously comply with regional political preferences between 2015 and 2017 in Germany, one of the major European destination countries for refugee migration. We furthermore explore whether such biased decision-making amplifies in times of organizational stress as suggested by the statistical discrimination theory. Using mixed-effects logistic regressions, our analyses confirm a lower approval probability in regions with more immigration-averse residents or governments. We cannot confirm, however, that this association is mediated by high workloads or large knowledge gaps. Our results thus suggest that regional political biases affect the individual chance of asylum-seekers to obtain protection irrespective of temporal administrative conditions.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Damelang, Andreas
The causal effect of liberalizing legal requirements on naturalization intentions Working paper
IAB Discussion Paper 4/2024, 2024.
@workingpaper{Kosyakova2024,
title = {The causal effect of liberalizing legal requirements on naturalization intentions},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Andreas Damelang},
url = {https://doku.iab.de/discussionpapers/2024/dp0424.pdf},
doi = {10.48720/IAB.DP.2404},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-02-26},
urldate = {2024-02-26},
journal = {IAB Discussion Paper},
institution = {IAB Discussion Paper 4/2024},
abstract = {This study investigates the multifaceted factors influencing immigrants' naturalization intentions, with a primary focus on legal requirements and the implementation of naturalization laws. It distinguishes between different immigrant groups, such as refugees, European Union (EU) citizens, and non-EU citizens. Employing a vignette experiment among immigrants in a large-scale representative data in Germany, the research empirically analyzes the effects of liberalizing legal requirements and the effects of more inclusive naturalization procedure on intentions to acquire German citizenship. This comparison, both for current versus liberalized requirements and less versus more inclusive naturalization procedures, offers a realistic scenario of how liberalization and inclusiveness impact naturalization intentions. The results reveal that liberalizing legal requirements, specifically dual citizenship availability and reduced waiting period, has a positive effect on naturalization intentions. Simultaneously, these effects differ between the three immigrant groups, particularly due to differences in the perceived benefits of naturalization. In contrast, a more inclusive naturalization procedure does not affect immigrants' naturalization intentions. These results underline the importance of citizenship policy for the naturalization intentions of immigrants. However, the results also show nuanced reactions to liberalized requirements stressing the importance of group-specific cost-benefit considerations.},
howpublished = {IAB Discussion Paper 4/2024},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}
This study investigates the multifaceted factors influencing immigrants' naturalization intentions, with a primary focus on legal requirements and the implementation of naturalization laws. It distinguishes between different immigrant groups, such as refugees, European Union (EU) citizens, and non-EU citizens. Employing a vignette experiment among immigrants in a large-scale representative data in Germany, the research empirically analyzes the effects of liberalizing legal requirements and the effects of more inclusive naturalization procedure on intentions to acquire German citizenship. This comparison, both for current versus liberalized requirements and less versus more inclusive naturalization procedures, offers a realistic scenario of how liberalization and inclusiveness impact naturalization intentions. The results reveal that liberalizing legal requirements, specifically dual citizenship availability and reduced waiting period, has a positive effect on naturalization intentions. Simultaneously, these effects differ between the three immigrant groups, particularly due to differences in the perceived benefits of naturalization. In contrast, a more inclusive naturalization procedure does not affect immigrants' naturalization intentions. These results underline the importance of citizenship policy for the naturalization intentions of immigrants. However, the results also show nuanced reactions to liberalized requirements stressing the importance of group-specific cost-benefit considerations.
Adunts, Davit; Fendel, Tanja; Hauptmann, Andreas; Ivanov, Boris; Kosyakova, Yuliya
Indische Arbeitskräfte in Deutschland Technical Report
Aktuelle Daten und Indikatoren 2024.
@techreport{Adunts2024,
title = {Indische Arbeitskr\"{a}fte in Deutschland},
author = {Davit Adunts and Tanja Fendel and Andreas Hauptmann and Boris Ivanov and Yuliya Kosyakova
},
url = {https://doku.iab.de/arbeitsmarktdaten/Indische_Arbeitskraefte.pdf},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-02-21},
urldate = {2024-02-21},
journal = {Aktuelle Daten und Indikatoren},
institution = {Aktuelle Daten und Indikatoren},
abstract = {Vor dem Hintergrund des demographischen Wandels und einem zunehmenden Fach- und Arbeitskr\"{a}ftebedarf in Deutschland k\"{o}nnten Zuwandernde aus Indien dazu beitragen, diesen Bedarf zu decken. Die Anzahl indischer Staatsangeh\"{o}riger in Deutschland ist in den Jahren von 2010 bis 2022 deutlich gestiegen. Die Zuwanderung von indischen Staatsangeh\"{o}rigen ist dabei \"{u}berdurchschnittlich gepr\"{a}gt durch Erwerbs- und Bildungsmigration. Insbesondere die Einwanderung zur Aufnahme eines Studiums ist seit dem Jahr 2010 vergleichsweise stark gestiegen. Die Arbeitsmarktintegration von indischen Staatsangeh\"{o}rigen ist gemessen an g\"{a}ngigen Indikatoren insgesamt positiv. Die Besch\"{a}ftigungsquote ist vergleichsweise hoch und die Arbeitslosen- und SGB-II-Hilfequoten sind relativ niedrig.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Vor dem Hintergrund des demographischen Wandels und einem zunehmenden Fach- und Arbeitskräftebedarf in Deutschland könnten Zuwandernde aus Indien dazu beitragen, diesen Bedarf zu decken. Die Anzahl indischer Staatsangehöriger in Deutschland ist in den Jahren von 2010 bis 2022 deutlich gestiegen. Die Zuwanderung von indischen Staatsangehörigen ist dabei überdurchschnittlich geprägt durch Erwerbs- und Bildungsmigration. Insbesondere die Einwanderung zur Aufnahme eines Studiums ist seit dem Jahr 2010 vergleichsweise stark gestiegen. Die Arbeitsmarktintegration von indischen Staatsangehörigen ist gemessen an gängigen Indikatoren insgesamt positiv. Die Beschäftigungsquote ist vergleichsweise hoch und die Arbeitslosen- und SGB-II-Hilfequoten sind relativ niedrig.
2023
Silva, Adriana R Cardozo; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Yurdakul, Aslıhan
Gendered Implications of Restricted Residence Obligation Policies on Refugees' Employment in Germany Journal Article
In: SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research, vol. 1203, 2023.
@article{CardozoSilva2023,
title = {Gendered Implications of Restricted Residence Obligation Policies on Refugees' Employment in Germany},
author = {Adriana R Cardozo Silva and Yuliya Kosyakova and Aslıhan Yurdakul},
url = {https://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.894423.de/diw_sp1203.pdf},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-12-20},
urldate = {2023-12-20},
journal = {SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research},
volume = {1203},
abstract = {This paper investigates the gender-specific impact of settlement policies on the labor market integration of refugees in Germany, utilizing a gender-specific approach. Analyzing data from the IAB- BAMF-SOEP Refugees Survey (2016-2020) through a pooled logit model with an intention-to-treat design, we explore how restrictive residency obligation policies, in conjunction with local conditions in the assigned county\textemdashsuch as local labor market conditions and ethnic enclaves \textendash influence outcomes. Results reveal that female refugees experience reduced employment prospects, independent of mobility restrictions, while the residency obligation policy bears a significant negative impact on employed male refugees. In turn, the impact of analyzed local labor market characteristics and linguistic enclaves on employment probability remains consistent across gender and residency obligation. Our results highlight the multidimensional nature of refugees’ labor market integration and underscore the significance of gender-sensitive approaches.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper investigates the gender-specific impact of settlement policies on the labor market integration of refugees in Germany, utilizing a gender-specific approach. Analyzing data from the IAB- BAMF-SOEP Refugees Survey (2016-2020) through a pooled logit model with an intention-to-treat design, we explore how restrictive residency obligation policies, in conjunction with local conditions in the assigned county—such as local labor market conditions and ethnic enclaves – influence outcomes. Results reveal that female refugees experience reduced employment prospects, independent of mobility restrictions, while the residency obligation policy bears a significant negative impact on employed male refugees. In turn, the impact of analyzed local labor market characteristics and linguistic enclaves on employment probability remains consistent across gender and residency obligation. Our results highlight the multidimensional nature of refugees’ labor market integration and underscore the significance of gender-sensitive approaches.
van Tubergen, Frank; Kogan, Irena; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Pötzschke, Steffen
Self-selection of Ukrainian Refugees and Displaced Persons in Europe Journal Article
In: Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 37, iss. 1, pp. 72–96, 2023.
@article{nokey,
title = {Self-selection of Ukrainian Refugees and Displaced Persons in Europe},
author = {Frank van Tubergen and Irena Kogan and Yuliya Kosyakova and Steffen P\"{o}tzschke},
url = {https://academic.oup.com/jrs/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jrs/fead089/7459845},
doi = {10.1093/jrs/fead089},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-12-06},
urldate = {2023-12-06},
journal = {Journal of Refugee Studies},
volume = {37},
issue = {1},
pages = {72\textendash96},
abstract = {The literature on migrants’ self-selection is focused on labor migrants, while little is known about refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs). We contribute to this scant literature, by (1) examining a broad set of factors that could determine self-selection, (2) contrasting self-selection profiles of refugees and IDPs, and (3) comparing self-selection profiles of refugees across countries. Specifically, we compare the self-selection profiles of Ukrainian refugees and IDPs with stayers in the months directly following the Russian full-scale invasion in February 2022. We draw on unique, cross-nationally comparative data from the OneUA project, which surveyed Ukrainian refugees and displaced persons in Europe as well as those who stayed in Ukraine in the summer of 2022. More than 24,000 Ukrainian women residing in nine countries participated in this survey. We find systematic empirical patterns of self-selection related to people’s region of origin, family status, and individual-level characteristics.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The literature on migrants’ self-selection is focused on labor migrants, while little is known about refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs). We contribute to this scant literature, by (1) examining a broad set of factors that could determine self-selection, (2) contrasting self-selection profiles of refugees and IDPs, and (3) comparing self-selection profiles of refugees across countries. Specifically, we compare the self-selection profiles of Ukrainian refugees and IDPs with stayers in the months directly following the Russian full-scale invasion in February 2022. We draw on unique, cross-nationally comparative data from the OneUA project, which surveyed Ukrainian refugees and displaced persons in Europe as well as those who stayed in Ukraine in the summer of 2022. More than 24,000 Ukrainian women residing in nine countries participated in this survey. We find systematic empirical patterns of self-selection related to people’s region of origin, family status, and individual-level characteristics.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Salikutluk, Zerrin
Gender gap dynamics among refugees and recent immigrants: Different start, similar patterns? Working paper
IAB-Discussion Paper 10/2023, 2023.
@workingpaper{Kosyakova2023a,
title = {Gender gap dynamics among refugees and recent immigrants: Different start, similar patterns?},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Zerrin Salikutluk},
url = {https://doku.iab.de/discussionpapers/2023/dp1123.pdf},
doi = {10.48720/IAB.DP.2311},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-11-27},
urldate = {2023-11-27},
booktitle = {IAB Discussion Paper 11},
journal = {IAB Discussion Paper},
volume = {11},
issue = {IAB Discussion Paper 11},
institution = {IAB Discussion Paper 11},
abstract = {In the last years, the labor market integration of immigrant women has received much attention in the migration literature. We examine gender differences in labor market integration among refugees and other new immigrants who came to Germany during a similar period from a dynamic perspective. We compare their pathways throughout the early period after arrival and study a range of conditions suggested to be relevant for gendered labor market outcomes. Using two panel data sources, which include recently arrived refugees (the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Sample of Refugees) and other immigrants (the IAB-SOEP Migration Sample) in Germany, we compare the dynamics and sources of employment gender gap among refugees and other immigrants. The results uncover narrow initial gender differences among refugees that grow over time and a reversed pattern among other immigrants. However, female refugees' initial disadvantaged starting position maintains five years after arrival. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the explanations offered in the literature cannot fully explain the hurdles female refugees and other immigrants face when entering the labor market.},
howpublished = {IAB-Discussion Paper 10/2023},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}
In the last years, the labor market integration of immigrant women has received much attention in the migration literature. We examine gender differences in labor market integration among refugees and other new immigrants who came to Germany during a similar period from a dynamic perspective. We compare their pathways throughout the early period after arrival and study a range of conditions suggested to be relevant for gendered labor market outcomes. Using two panel data sources, which include recently arrived refugees (the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Sample of Refugees) and other immigrants (the IAB-SOEP Migration Sample) in Germany, we compare the dynamics and sources of employment gender gap among refugees and other immigrants. The results uncover narrow initial gender differences among refugees that grow over time and a reversed pattern among other immigrants. However, female refugees' initial disadvantaged starting position maintains five years after arrival. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the explanations offered in the literature cannot fully explain the hurdles female refugees and other immigrants face when entering the labor market.
Fendel, Tanja; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Vallizadeh, Ehsan
Institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen sind für die Arbeitsmarktintegration von Geflüchteten von großer Bedeutung Technical Report
IAB-Forum 16/10 2023.
@techreport{Fendel2023a,
title = {Institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen sind f\"{u}r die Arbeitsmarktintegration von Gefl\"{u}chteten von gro\sser Bedeutung},
author = {Tanja Fendel and Yuliya Kosyakova and Ehsan Vallizadeh},
url = {https://www.iab-forum.de/institutionelle-rahmenbedingungen-sind-fuer-die-arbeitsmarktintegration-von-gefluechteten-von-grosser-bedeutung/},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-10-26},
urldate = {2023-10-26},
journal = {IAB-Forum},
volume = {16/10},
institution = {IAB-Forum 16/10},
abstract = {Die Integration in den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt wird Gefl\"{u}chteten unter anderem durch institutionelle H\"{u}rden erschwert. Weil ukrainische Gefl\"{u}chtete im Gegensatz zu anderen Gefl\"{u}chteten kein Asylverfahren durchlaufen m\"{u}ssen, deutlich seltener in Gemeinschaftsunterk\"{u}nften untergebracht sind und direkt in die F\"{o}rderstruktur der Jobcenter integriert wurden, haben sie insgesamt g\"{u}nstigere institutionelle Voraussetzungen. Da ein Gro\ssteil der ukrainischen gefl\"{u}chteten Frauen Betreuungspflichten haben, m\"{u}ssen allerdings auch sie zahlreiche, wenn auch andere Barrieren, \"{u}berwinden.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Die Integration in den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt wird Geflüchteten unter anderem durch institutionelle Hürden erschwert. Weil ukrainische Geflüchtete im Gegensatz zu anderen Geflüchteten kein Asylverfahren durchlaufen müssen, deutlich seltener in Gemeinschaftsunterkünften untergebracht sind und direkt in die Förderstruktur der Jobcenter integriert wurden, haben sie insgesamt günstigere institutionelle Voraussetzungen. Da ein Großteil der ukrainischen geflüchteten Frauen Betreuungspflichten haben, müssen allerdings auch sie zahlreiche, wenn auch andere Barrieren, überwinden.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Salikutluk, Zerrin; Hartmann, Jörg
Gender employment gap at arrival and its dynamics: The case of refugees in Germany Journal Article
In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, vol. 87, no. August, pp. 100842, 2023, ISSN: 02765624.
@article{Kosyakova2023b,
title = {Gender employment gap at arrival and its dynamics: The case of refugees in Germany},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Zerrin Salikutluk and J\"{o}rg Hartmann},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0276562423000860?dgcid=author},
doi = {10.1016/j.rssm.2023.100842},
issn = {02765624},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-08-29},
urldate = {2023-10-01},
journal = {Research in Social Stratification and Mobility},
volume = {87},
number = {August},
pages = {100842},
publisher = {Elsevier BV},
abstract = {This paper investigates the gender-specific impact of settlement policies on the labor market integration of refugees in Germany, utilizing a gender-specific approach. Analyzing data from the IAB- BAMF-SOEP Refugees Survey (2016-2020) through a pooled logit model with an intention-to-treat design, we explore how restrictive residency obligation policies, in conjunction with local conditions in the assigned county\textemdashsuch as local labor market conditions and ethnic enclaves \textendash influence outcomes. Results reveal that female refugees experience reduced employment prospects, independent of mobility restrictions, while the residency obligation policy bears a significant negative impact on employed male refugees. In turn, the impact of analyzed local labor market characteristics and linguistic enclaves on employment probability remains consistent across gender and residency obligation. Our results highlight the multidimensional nature of refugees’ labor market integration and underscore the significance of gender-sensitive approaches.},
keywords = {},
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This paper investigates the gender-specific impact of settlement policies on the labor market integration of refugees in Germany, utilizing a gender-specific approach. Analyzing data from the IAB- BAMF-SOEP Refugees Survey (2016-2020) through a pooled logit model with an intention-to-treat design, we explore how restrictive residency obligation policies, in conjunction with local conditions in the assigned county—such as local labor market conditions and ethnic enclaves – influence outcomes. Results reveal that female refugees experience reduced employment prospects, independent of mobility restrictions, while the residency obligation policy bears a significant negative impact on employed male refugees. In turn, the impact of analyzed local labor market characteristics and linguistic enclaves on employment probability remains consistent across gender and residency obligation. Our results highlight the multidimensional nature of refugees’ labor market integration and underscore the significance of gender-sensitive approaches.
Kosyakova, Yuliya
Noch viel ungenutztes Potenzial. Miscellaneous
Gastkommentar. In: Fuldaer Zeitung, 2023.
@misc{Kosyakova2023c,
title = {Noch viel ungenutztes Potenzial.},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-08-10},
urldate = {2023-08-01},
booktitle = {Fuladauer Zeitung},
address = {Fulda},
howpublished = {Gastkommentar. In: Fuldaer Zeitung},
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Brücker, Herbert; Ette, Andreas; Grabka, Markus M; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Niehues, Wenke; Rother, Nina; Spieß, C Katharina; Zinn, Sabine; Bujard, Martin; Décieux, Jean Philippe; Maddox, Amrei; Schmitz, Sophia; Schwanhäuser, Silvia; Siegert, Manuel; Steinhauer, Walter
Geflüchtete aus der Ukraine: Knapp die Hälfte beabsichtigt längerfristig in Deutschland zu bleiben Technical Report
DIW Wochenbericht 28: 381-393. Berlin: Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW), 2023.
@techreport{Brucker2023,
title = {Gefl\"{u}chtete aus der Ukraine: Knapp die H\"{a}lfte beabsichtigt l\"{a}ngerfristig in Deutschland zu bleiben},
author = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Andreas Ette and Markus M Grabka and Yuliya Kosyakova and Wenke Niehues and Nina Rother and C Katharina Spie\ss and Sabine Zinn and Martin Bujard and Jean Philippe D\'{e}cieux and Amrei Maddox and Sophia Schmitz and Silvia Schwanh\"{a}user and Manuel Siegert and Walter Steinhauer},
url = {https://comparativepopulationstudies.de/index.php/CPoS/article/view/559/386},
doi = {10.12765/CPoS-2023-16},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-08-08},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
journal = {DIW Wochenbericht},
volume = {48},
issue = {DIW Wochenbericht 48},
pages = {395\textendash424},
address = {Berlin: Deutsches Institut f\"{u}r Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW)},
institution = {DIW Wochenbericht 28: 381-393.},
abstract = {Ergebnisse der zweiten Befragungswelle der Studie „Gefl\"{u}chtete aus der Ukraine in Deutschland (IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung)“ von Beginn des Jahres 2023
• Zunehmender Anteil ukrainischer Gefl\"{u}chteter beabsichtigt l\"{a}ngerfristig in Deutschland zu bleiben \textendash Rund drei Viertel haben private Unterkunft gefunden
• Etwa ein F\"{u}nftel geht einer Erwerbst\"{a}tigkeit nach, Erwerbsabsichten f\"{u}r n\"{a}here Zukunft sind aber deutlich h\"{o}her \textendash Bisher absolvieren viele Gefl\"{u}chtete noch Integrations- und Sprachkurse
• Nur rund sechs von zehn Kindern von drei bis sechs Jahren sind in einer Kindertagesbetreuung • Kinderbetreuung sollte ausgebaut werden, um Sprachkursbesuch und Weg in Besch\"{a}ftigung f\"{u}r M\"{u}tter zu erleichtern \textendash Schnelle Entscheidung \"{u}ber Verl\"{a}ngerung des Aufenthaltsrechts n\"{o}tig},
keywords = {},
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Ergebnisse der zweiten Befragungswelle der Studie „Geflüchtete aus der Ukraine in Deutschland (IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung)“ von Beginn des Jahres 2023
• Zunehmender Anteil ukrainischer Geflüchteter beabsichtigt längerfristig in Deutschland zu bleiben – Rund drei Viertel haben private Unterkunft gefunden
• Etwa ein Fünftel geht einer Erwerbstätigkeit nach, Erwerbsabsichten für nähere Zukunft sind aber deutlich höher – Bisher absolvieren viele Geflüchtete noch Integrations- und Sprachkurse
• Nur rund sechs von zehn Kindern von drei bis sechs Jahren sind in einer Kindertagesbetreuung • Kinderbetreuung sollte ausgebaut werden, um Sprachkursbesuch und Weg in Beschäftigung für Mütter zu erleichtern – Schnelle Entscheidung über Verlängerung des Aufenthaltsrechts nötig
• Zunehmender Anteil ukrainischer Geflüchteter beabsichtigt längerfristig in Deutschland zu bleiben – Rund drei Viertel haben private Unterkunft gefunden
• Etwa ein Fünftel geht einer Erwerbstätigkeit nach, Erwerbsabsichten für nähere Zukunft sind aber deutlich höher – Bisher absolvieren viele Geflüchtete noch Integrations- und Sprachkurse
• Nur rund sechs von zehn Kindern von drei bis sechs Jahren sind in einer Kindertagesbetreuung • Kinderbetreuung sollte ausgebaut werden, um Sprachkursbesuch und Weg in Beschäftigung für Mütter zu erleichtern – Schnelle Entscheidung über Verlängerung des Aufenthaltsrechts nötig
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Brücker, Herbert; Gatskova, Kseniia; Schwanhäuser, Silvia
Arbeitsmarktintegration ukrainischer Geflüchteter: Erwerbstätigkeit steigt ein Jahr nach dem Zuzug. Technical Report
IAB Kurzbericht 14 Nürnberg: Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), 2023.
@techreport{Kosyakova2023,
title = {Arbeitsmarktintegration ukrainischer Gefl\"{u}chteter: Erwerbst\"{a}tigkeit steigt ein Jahr nach dem Zuzug.},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Kseniia Gatskova and Silvia Schwanh\"{a}user},
url = {https://doku.iab.de/kurzber/2023/kb2023-14.pdf},
doi = {10.48720/IAB.KB.2314},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-08-03},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
journal = {IAB Kurzbericht},
volume = {14},
issue = {IAB Kurzbericht 14},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg: Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)},
institution = {IAB Kurzbericht 14},
abstract = {Mit mehr als einer Million Personen ist Deutschland nach Polen das wichtigste Zielland f\"{u}r ukrainische Gefl\"{u}chtete seit Beginn des russischen Angriffskriegs gegen die Ukraine. Die erfolgreiche Integration dieser Menschen in den Arbeitsmarkt und ihre Teilhabe auch in anderen Bereichen der Gesellschaft stellt eine zentrale Herausforderung dar. Es wird untersucht, wie sich die Arbeitsmarktintegration der seit Ende Februar 2022 zugezogenen ukrainischen Gefl\"{u}chteten entwickelt hat.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
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Mit mehr als einer Million Personen ist Deutschland nach Polen das wichtigste Zielland für ukrainische Geflüchtete seit Beginn des russischen Angriffskriegs gegen die Ukraine. Die erfolgreiche Integration dieser Menschen in den Arbeitsmarkt und ihre Teilhabe auch in anderen Bereichen der Gesellschaft stellt eine zentrale Herausforderung dar. Es wird untersucht, wie sich die Arbeitsmarktintegration der seit Ende Februar 2022 zugezogenen ukrainischen Geflüchteten entwickelt hat.
Brücker, Herbert; Jaschke, Philipp; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Vallizadeh, Ehsan
Entwicklung der Arbeitsmarktintegration seit Ankunft in Deutschland: Erwerbstätigkeit und Löhne von Geflüchteten steigen deutlich Technical Report
IAB-Kurzbericht 13 2023.
@techreport{Br\"{u}cker2023,
title = {Entwicklung der Arbeitsmarktintegration seit Ankunft in Deutschland: Erwerbst\"{a}tigkeit und L\"{o}hne von Gefl\"{u}chteten steigen deutlich},
author = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Philipp Jaschke and Yuliya Kosyakova and Ehsan Vallizadeh},
url = {https://doku.iab.de/kurzber/2023/kb2023-13.pdf},
doi = {DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2313},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-07-27},
urldate = {2023-07-27},
journal = {IAB-Kurzbericht},
volume = {13},
issue = {IAB-Kurzbericht 13},
institution = {IAB-Kurzbericht 13},
abstract = {Zum Jahresende 2022 lebten in Deutschland (die seit Beginn des russischen Angriffskriegs geflohenen ukrainischen Staatsangeh\"{o}rigen nicht mitgez\"{a}hlt) knapp 2,2 Millionen Menschen, die als Schutzsuchende gekommen sind. Die gro\sse Mehrheit hat anerkannte Schutzanspr\"{u}che und beabsichtigt, in Deutschland zu bleiben. Die erfolgreiche Integration dieser Schutzsuchenden ist von hoher Relevanz f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt, Sozialstaat, Gesellschaft und Politik. Es wird untersucht, wie sich Arbeitsmarktintegration, Leistungsbezug und Bildungserwerb der bis 2019 zugezogenen Schutzsuchenden entwickelt haben, um Schlussfolgerungen f\"{u}r die weiteren Erwerbsverl\"{a}ufe dieser Gruppe und auch der sp\"{a}ter zugezogenen Gefl\"{u}chteten zu ziehen.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Zum Jahresende 2022 lebten in Deutschland (die seit Beginn des russischen Angriffskriegs geflohenen ukrainischen Staatsangehörigen nicht mitgezählt) knapp 2,2 Millionen Menschen, die als Schutzsuchende gekommen sind. Die große Mehrheit hat anerkannte Schutzansprüche und beabsichtigt, in Deutschland zu bleiben. Die erfolgreiche Integration dieser Schutzsuchenden ist von hoher Relevanz für Arbeitsmarkt, Sozialstaat, Gesellschaft und Politik. Es wird untersucht, wie sich Arbeitsmarktintegration, Leistungsbezug und Bildungserwerb der bis 2019 zugezogenen Schutzsuchenden entwickelt haben, um Schlussfolgerungen für die weiteren Erwerbsverläufe dieser Gruppe und auch der später zugezogenen Geflüchteten zu ziehen.
Brücker, Herbert; Ette, Andreas; Grabka, Markus M.; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Niehues, Wenke; Rother, Nina; Spieß, C Katharina; Zinn, Sabine; Bujard, Martin; Décieux, Jean Philippe; Maddox, Amrei; Schmitz, Sophia; Schwanhäuser, Silvia; Siegert, Manuel; Steinhauer, Hans Walter
Ukrainian refugees: Nearly half intend to stay in Germany for the longer term Technical Report
DIW Weekly Report 28 Berlin: German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), 2023.
@techreport{Brucker2023b,
title = {Ukrainian refugees: Nearly half intend to stay in Germany for the longer term},
author = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Andreas Ette and Markus M. Grabka and Yuliya Kosyakova and Wenke Niehues and Nina Rother and C Katharina Spie\ss and Sabine Zinn and Martin Bujard and Jean Philippe D\'{e}cieux and Amrei Maddox and Sophia Schmitz and Silvia Schwanh\"{a}user and Manuel Siegert and Hans Walter Steinhauer},
url = {https://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.878219.de/dwr-23-28-1.pdf},
doi = {10.18723/diw_dwr:2023-28-1},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-07-25},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
journal = {DIW Weekly Report},
volume = {28},
issue = {DIW Weekly Report 28},
address = {Berlin: German Institute for Economic Research (DIW)},
institution = {DIW Weekly Report 28},
abstract = {Millions of Ukrainians have been displaced by the Russian war on Ukraine, with over one million alone coming to Germany since the beginning of the war. Data from the second survey wave of the IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Ukrainian Refugees in Germany study show that as of the beginning of 2023, an increasing share of Ukrainian refugees plan on staying in Germany for the longer term. Around three quarters have found private accommodation and a similarly large share have already attended or are currently attending German language courses. Eighteen percent of the 18 to 64 year olds are employed; of the rest, over two thirds intend to start working immediately or within the next year. While almost all refugee children and adolescents of school age are attending a general or vocational school in Germany, only six out of ten children between three and six years old are attending daycare. To increase refugees’ social participation and, in light of the high share of mothers among them, childcare options should be improved. This would facilitate participation in integration and language courses as well as the path to employment. In addition, it is crucial to quickly decide on the extension of Ukrainian refugees’ right of residence, which is currently limited until March 2024, thus making their legal status more certain and planning possible.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Millions of Ukrainians have been displaced by the Russian war on Ukraine, with over one million alone coming to Germany since the beginning of the war. Data from the second survey wave of the IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Ukrainian Refugees in Germany study show that as of the beginning of 2023, an increasing share of Ukrainian refugees plan on staying in Germany for the longer term. Around three quarters have found private accommodation and a similarly large share have already attended or are currently attending German language courses. Eighteen percent of the 18 to 64 year olds are employed; of the rest, over two thirds intend to start working immediately or within the next year. While almost all refugee children and adolescents of school age are attending a general or vocational school in Germany, only six out of ten children between three and six years old are attending daycare. To increase refugees’ social participation and, in light of the high share of mothers among them, childcare options should be improved. This would facilitate participation in integration and language courses as well as the path to employment. In addition, it is crucial to quickly decide on the extension of Ukrainian refugees’ right of residence, which is currently limited until March 2024, thus making their legal status more certain and planning possible.
Kogan, Irena; Kosyakova, Yuliya
In: Gange, Markus; Platt, Lucinda; Polavieja, Javier; van de Werfhorst, Herman (Ed.): The Oxford Handbook of Social Stratification. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2023.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Understanding immigrant labor market stratification: What can the case of recent refugee migration to Europe contribute?},
author = {Irena Kogan and Yuliya Kosyakova },
editor = {Markus Gange and Lucinda Platt and Javier Polavieja and Herman van de Werfhorst},
url = {https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/45896/chapter-abstract/411003651?redirectedFrom=fulltext\&login=true},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-07-18},
urldate = {2023-06-18},
publisher = {The Oxford Handbook of Social Stratification. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press},
abstract = {The chapter outlines a conceptual framework for understanding immigrant labor market stratification adopted in Western (primarily European) scholarship, which incorporates both individual and contextual factors. Explanations for immigrant stratification patterns at the individual level further consider the two-sided nature of immigrant labor market incorporation, examining both immigrants and the receiving society. While presenting major theoretical developments and empirical findings in the field, the chapter identifies several unresolved issues. We discuss how the case of recent refugee migration can shed light on these controversies. The chapter concludes by showcasing the potential of refugee research for contributing to a more general understanding of immigrant labor market stratification.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The chapter outlines a conceptual framework for understanding immigrant labor market stratification adopted in Western (primarily European) scholarship, which incorporates both individual and contextual factors. Explanations for immigrant stratification patterns at the individual level further consider the two-sided nature of immigrant labor market incorporation, examining both immigrants and the receiving society. While presenting major theoretical developments and empirical findings in the field, the chapter identifies several unresolved issues. We discuss how the case of recent refugee migration can shed light on these controversies. The chapter concludes by showcasing the potential of refugee research for contributing to a more general understanding of immigrant labor market stratification.
Kanas, Agnieszka; Kosyakova, Yuliya
Greater local supply of language courses improves refugees' labor market integration Journal Article
In: European Societies, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 1–36, 2023, ISSN: 1461-6696.
@article{Kanas2022,
title = {Greater local supply of language courses improves refugees' labor market integration},
author = {Agnieszka Kanas and Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14616696.2022.2096915},
doi = {10.1080/14616696.2022.2096915},
issn = {1461-6696},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-07-14},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
journal = {European Societies},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {1\textendash36},
abstract = {Utilizing the German residential allocation and residency obligation policies, which can be regarded as a natural experiment, we investigate the causal effect of the local supply of language courses on refugees' labor market integration. By restricting refugees' initial and post-arrival regional mobility, these policies allow us to circumvent the potential problems of initial and post-arrival residential selection. Moreover, we examine the intermediary outcomes \textendash language proficiency, language course completion and certification, and contacts with natives \textendash through which the local opportunity structure of language courses shape refugees' economic integration. Our results reveal that the local supply of language courses positively affects refugees' employment probability, and this effect persists over the duration of stay. We further find that greater supply of language courses in the assigned county increases probability of learning the German language, completing the course and receiving language certificates. From a policy perspective, our findings imply that the local provision of language courses should be considered in refugees' residential allocation to facilitate immigrants' integration. This is because limited access to such courses can delay host country language learning, language certificate obtainment, and labor market entry, thus slowing the integration of recently arrived immigrants.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Utilizing the German residential allocation and residency obligation policies, which can be regarded as a natural experiment, we investigate the causal effect of the local supply of language courses on refugees' labor market integration. By restricting refugees' initial and post-arrival regional mobility, these policies allow us to circumvent the potential problems of initial and post-arrival residential selection. Moreover, we examine the intermediary outcomes – language proficiency, language course completion and certification, and contacts with natives – through which the local opportunity structure of language courses shape refugees' economic integration. Our results reveal that the local supply of language courses positively affects refugees' employment probability, and this effect persists over the duration of stay. We further find that greater supply of language courses in the assigned county increases probability of learning the German language, completing the course and receiving language certificates. From a policy perspective, our findings imply that the local provision of language courses should be considered in refugees' residential allocation to facilitate immigrants' integration. This is because limited access to such courses can delay host country language learning, language certificate obtainment, and labor market entry, thus slowing the integration of recently arrived immigrants.
Fendel, Tanja; Fitzenberger, Bernd; Konle-Seidl, Regina; Kosyakova, Yuliya
Fachkräftemangel in Europa Journal Article
In: bb-magazin, vol. 198, no. 2, pp. 38–41, 2023.
@article{Fendel2023,
title = {Fachkr\"{a}ftemangel in Europa},
author = {Tanja Fendel and Bernd Fitzenberger and Regina Konle-Seidl and Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {https://www.wbv.de/shop/Fachkraeftemangel-in-Europa-BB2302W016},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-22},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
journal = {bb-magazin},
volume = {198},
number = {2},
pages = {38\textendash41},
abstract = {Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Fachkr\"{a}ftemangel infolge der demogra- fischen Entwicklungen in der EU. Fach- kr\"{a}ftesicherung erfordert neben der Mobilisierung ungenutzter inl\"{a}ndischer Potentiale und erh\"{o}hten Qualifizierungs- anstrengungen eine verst\"{a}rkte Erwerbs- migration aus Drittstaaten.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Fachkräftemangel infolge der demogra- fischen Entwicklungen in der EU. Fach- kräftesicherung erfordert neben der Mobilisierung ungenutzter inländischer Potentiale und erhöhten Qualifizierungs- anstrengungen eine verstärkte Erwerbs- migration aus Drittstaaten.
Brücker, Herbert; Ette, Andreas; Grabka, Markus M.; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Niehues, Wenke; Rother, Nina; Spieß, C. Katharina; Zinn, Sabine; Bujard, Martin; Cardozo, Adriana; Décieux, Jean Philippe; Maddox, Amrei; Milewski, Nadja; Naderi, Robert; Sauer, Lenore; Schmitz, Sophia; Schwanhäuser, Silvia; Siegert, Manuel; Tanis, Kerstin
Ukrainian refugees in Germany: Escape, arrival and everyday life Technical Report
IAB-Forschungsbericht 24/2023 Nürnberg: Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), 2023.
@techreport{nokey,
title = {Ukrainian refugees in Germany: Escape, arrival and everyday life},
author = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Andreas Ette and Markus M. Grabka and Yuliya Kosyakova and Wenke Niehues and Nina Rother and C. Katharina Spie\ss and Sabine Zinn and Martin Bujard and Adriana Cardozo and Jean Philippe D\'{e}cieux and Amrei Maddox and Nadja Milewski and Robert Naderi and Lenore Sauer and Sophia Schmitz and Silvia Schwanh\"{a}user and Manuel Siegert and Kerstin Tanis},
url = {https://doku.iab.de/forschungsbericht/2022/fb2422_en.pdf},
doi = {10.48720/IAB.FB.2224EN},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-13},
urldate = {2023-06-13},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg: Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)},
institution = {IAB-Forschungsbericht 24/2023},
abstract = {The Institute for Employment Research (IAB), the Federal Institute for Population Research (BiB), the Research Centre of the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees, and the Socio-Economic Panel at DIW Berlin have surveyed 11,225 Ukrainian refugees in Germany from August to October 2022. The survey can be extrapolated to the refuge population who has arrived since the beginning of the war at February 24, 2022, to June 8, 2022, in Germany. The results show that the majority of refugees from Ukraine report war as the main flight motive, while personal contacts and respect of human rights were the main reasons to choose Germany as a destination. Roughly 80 percent of adult refugees are women. About the half lives together with minor-aged children, about 80 percent without a partner. Some 70 percent have tertiary education degrees. Yet, only 4 percent report good or very good, another 14 percent fair German language proficiency. About 50 percent visits or has already completed a German language class. 17 percent are employed, with some 70 percent of those performing qualified jobs. The health status of the refugee population is good, but life satisfaction well below the German population average. Above one-third of the refugees plans to stay in Germany forever or for several years, about one-third aim to leave Germany by the end of war, while 27 percent are not yet certain about their staying perspectives.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
The Institute for Employment Research (IAB), the Federal Institute for Population Research (BiB), the Research Centre of the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees, and the Socio-Economic Panel at DIW Berlin have surveyed 11,225 Ukrainian refugees in Germany from August to October 2022. The survey can be extrapolated to the refuge population who has arrived since the beginning of the war at February 24, 2022, to June 8, 2022, in Germany. The results show that the majority of refugees from Ukraine report war as the main flight motive, while personal contacts and respect of human rights were the main reasons to choose Germany as a destination. Roughly 80 percent of adult refugees are women. About the half lives together with minor-aged children, about 80 percent without a partner. Some 70 percent have tertiary education degrees. Yet, only 4 percent report good or very good, another 14 percent fair German language proficiency. About 50 percent visits or has already completed a German language class. 17 percent are employed, with some 70 percent of those performing qualified jobs. The health status of the refugee population is good, but life satisfaction well below the German population average. Above one-third of the refugees plans to stay in Germany forever or for several years, about one-third aim to leave Germany by the end of war, while 27 percent are not yet certain about their staying perspectives.
Jaschke, Philipp; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kuche, Coline; Walther, Lena; Goßner, Laura; Jacobsen, Jannes; Ta, Thi Minh Tam; Hahn, Eric; Hans, Silke; Bajbouj, Malek
In: BMJ Open, vol. 13, no. 6, 2023, ISSN: 2044-6055.
@article{Jaschkee071331,
title = {Mental health and well-being in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic among different population subgroups: evidence from representative longitudinal data in Germany},
author = {Philipp Jaschke and Yuliya Kosyakova and Coline Kuche and Lena Walther and Laura Go\ssner and Jannes Jacobsen and Thi Minh Tam Ta and Eric Hahn and Silke Hans and Malek Bajbouj},
url = {https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/6/e071331},
doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071331},
issn = {2044-6055},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-05-19},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
journal = {BMJ Open},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
publisher = {British Medical Journal Publishing Group},
abstract = {Objectives To examine potential deteriorations in mental health and well-being in the first COVID-19 pandemic year compared with the previous decade focusing on the following vulnerable subgroups in Germany: women with minor children in the household, those living without a partner, younger and older adults, those in a precarious labour market situation, immigrants and refugees, and those with pre-existing physical or mental health risks.Design Analyses of secondary longitudinal survey data using cluster-robust pooled ordinary least squares models.Participants More than 20 000 individuals (aged 16+ years) in Germany.Primary and secondary outcome measures Mental Component Summary Scale (MCS) of the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey measuring mental health-related quality of life, single item on life satisfaction (LS).Results We find a decline in the average MCS in the 2020 survey that is not particularly striking in the overall time course, still resulting in a mean score below those of all preceding waves since 2010. We find no change in LS from 2019 to 2020 against the background of a general upward trend. Regarding vulnerability factors, only the results on age and parenthood are partially in line with our expectations. In 2020, LS declined among the youngest adults; MCS declined among mothers (and women and men without children) but not fathers. Unlike respective comparison groups, refugees, those unemployed before the pandemic and those with pre-existing mental health risks experienced no MCS declines in 2020, whereas persons living without a partner, the eldest, and those with pre-existing health risks exhibited continued increases in LS.Conclusions There is no evidence for substantial breakdowns in mental health or subjective well-being in the first pandemic year in the German population or its subgroups, particularly when considering developments of the previous decade. Since the majority of hypothesised vulnerable groups to pandemic stressors showed more stable MCS and LS, our results warrant further study.Data are available on reasonable request. Data may be obtained from a third party and are not publicly available. The data analysed in this study is subject to the following licenses/restrictions: this article uses data from the SOEP-CORE (DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.5684/soep.core.v37eu), the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees (DOI: 10.5684/soep.iab-bamf-soep-mig.2020) and the IAB-SOEP Migration Sample (DOI: 10.5684/soep.iab-soep-mig.2020). The German SOEP is an ongoing representative yearly panel survey of private households in Germany at the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW). The IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees is a representative longitudinal survey conducted jointly by the Institute for Employment Research (IAB), the research data center of the Federal German Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF) and the German SOEP at the DIW. The IAB-SOEP Migration Sample is a longitudinal survey representative of the migrant population in Germany conducted jointly by the IAB in Nuremberg and the German SOEP at the DIW Berlin. Data access was provided via a Scientific Use File supplied by the Research Data Centre (FDZ) of the DIW. All documentation concerning both surveys, including questionnaires and data manuals, are made available by the DIW (https://www.diw.de/en/diw_01.c.603160.en/integrated_studies.html). Due to German Data Protection legislation, we cannot make the original data or the generated dataset available. Researchers can, however, apply for data access via the DIW. The computer codes for data preparation and analyses are available on request. This study design and analysis was not preregistered.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Objectives To examine potential deteriorations in mental health and well-being in the first COVID-19 pandemic year compared with the previous decade focusing on the following vulnerable subgroups in Germany: women with minor children in the household, those living without a partner, younger and older adults, those in a precarious labour market situation, immigrants and refugees, and those with pre-existing physical or mental health risks.Design Analyses of secondary longitudinal survey data using cluster-robust pooled ordinary least squares models.Participants More than 20 000 individuals (aged 16+ years) in Germany.Primary and secondary outcome measures Mental Component Summary Scale (MCS) of the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey measuring mental health-related quality of life, single item on life satisfaction (LS).Results We find a decline in the average MCS in the 2020 survey that is not particularly striking in the overall time course, still resulting in a mean score below those of all preceding waves since 2010. We find no change in LS from 2019 to 2020 against the background of a general upward trend. Regarding vulnerability factors, only the results on age and parenthood are partially in line with our expectations. In 2020, LS declined among the youngest adults; MCS declined among mothers (and women and men without children) but not fathers. Unlike respective comparison groups, refugees, those unemployed before the pandemic and those with pre-existing mental health risks experienced no MCS declines in 2020, whereas persons living without a partner, the eldest, and those with pre-existing health risks exhibited continued increases in LS.Conclusions There is no evidence for substantial breakdowns in mental health or subjective well-being in the first pandemic year in the German population or its subgroups, particularly when considering developments of the previous decade. Since the majority of hypothesised vulnerable groups to pandemic stressors showed more stable MCS and LS, our results warrant further study.Data are available on reasonable request. Data may be obtained from a third party and are not publicly available. The data analysed in this study is subject to the following licenses/restrictions: this article uses data from the SOEP-CORE (DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.5684/soep.core.v37eu), the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees (DOI: 10.5684/soep.iab-bamf-soep-mig.2020) and the IAB-SOEP Migration Sample (DOI: 10.5684/soep.iab-soep-mig.2020). The German SOEP is an ongoing representative yearly panel survey of private households in Germany at the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW). The IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees is a representative longitudinal survey conducted jointly by the Institute for Employment Research (IAB), the research data center of the Federal German Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF) and the German SOEP at the DIW. The IAB-SOEP Migration Sample is a longitudinal survey representative of the migrant population in Germany conducted jointly by the IAB in Nuremberg and the German SOEP at the DIW Berlin. Data access was provided via a Scientific Use File supplied by the Research Data Centre (FDZ) of the DIW. All documentation concerning both surveys, including questionnaires and data manuals, are made available by the DIW (https://www.diw.de/en/diw_01.c.603160.en/integrated_studies.html). Due to German Data Protection legislation, we cannot make the original data or the generated dataset available. Researchers can, however, apply for data access via the DIW. The computer codes for data preparation and analyses are available on request. This study design and analysis was not preregistered.
Tubergen, Frank; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kanas, Agnieszka
Religious responses to existential insecurity: Conflict intensity in the region of birth increases praying among refugees Journal Article
In: Social Science Research, vol. 113, pp. 102895, 2023, ISSN: 0049-089X.
@article{VANTUBERGEN2023102895,
title = {Religious responses to existential insecurity: Conflict intensity in the region of birth increases praying among refugees},
author = {Frank Tubergen and Yuliya Kosyakova and Agnieszka Kanas},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X23000509},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102895},
issn = {0049-089X},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-04-18},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Social Science Research},
volume = {113},
pages = {102895},
abstract = {Do violent conflicts increase religiosity? This study draws on evidence from a large-scale survey among refugees from Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria in Germany linked with data on time-varying conflict intensity in refugees' birth regions before the survey interview. The results show that the greater the number of conflict-induced fatalities in the period before the interview, the more often refugees pray. The relationship between conflict and praying holds equally across demographic subgroups. Evidence suggests that both short- and long-term cumulative fatalities in refugees' birth regions affect how often they pray. Additionally, the link between conflict and praying is stronger for refugees with family and relatives still living in their country of origin. Finally, we show that the conflicts that matter are those occurring within the refugees’ specific region of birth rather than in other regions in the country. Implications for existential insecurity theory and cultural evolutionary theory are discussed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Do violent conflicts increase religiosity? This study draws on evidence from a large-scale survey among refugees from Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria in Germany linked with data on time-varying conflict intensity in refugees' birth regions before the survey interview. The results show that the greater the number of conflict-induced fatalities in the period before the interview, the more often refugees pray. The relationship between conflict and praying holds equally across demographic subgroups. Evidence suggests that both short- and long-term cumulative fatalities in refugees' birth regions affect how often they pray. Additionally, the link between conflict and praying is stronger for refugees with family and relatives still living in their country of origin. Finally, we show that the conflicts that matter are those occurring within the refugees’ specific region of birth rather than in other regions in the country. Implications for existential insecurity theory and cultural evolutionary theory are discussed.
Brücker, Herbert; Ette, Andreas; Grabka, Markus M.; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Niehues, Wenke; Rother, Nina; Spieß, C. Katharina; Zinn, Sabine; Bujard, Martin; Cardozo, Adriana; Décieux, Jean Philippe; Maddox, Amrei; Milewski, Nadja; Naderi, Robert; Sauer, Lenore; Schmitz, Sophia; Schwanhäuser, Silvia; Siegert, Manuel; Tanis, Kerstin; Steinhauer, Hans Walter
Geflüchtete aus der Ukraine in Deutschland: Ergebnisse der ersten Welle der IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP Befragung Technical Report
IAB-Forschungsbericht 02/2023, 2023.
@techreport{Brucker2023a,
title = {Gefl\"{u}chtete aus der Ukraine in Deutschland: Ergebnisse der ersten Welle der IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP Befragung},
author = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Andreas Ette and Markus M. Grabka and Yuliya Kosyakova and Wenke Niehues and Nina Rother and C. Katharina Spie\ss and Sabine Zinn and Martin Bujard and Adriana Cardozo and Jean Philippe D\'{e}cieux and Amrei Maddox and Nadja Milewski and Robert Naderi and Lenore Sauer and Sophia Schmitz and Silvia Schwanh\"{a}user and Manuel Siegert and Kerstin Tanis and Hans Walter Steinhauer},
url = {https://doku.iab.de/forschungsbericht/2023/fb0223.pdf},
doi = {10.48720/IAB.FB.2302},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-02-23},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
issue = {IAB Forschungsbericht},
publisher = {Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)},
abstract = {Zum Jahresende 2022 lebten in Deutschland (die seit Beginn des russischen Angriffskriegs geflohenen ukrainischen Staatsangeh\"{o}rigen nicht mitgez\"{a}hlt) knapp 2,2 Millionen Menschen, die als Schutzsuchende gekommen sind. Die gro\sse Mehrheit hat anerkannte Schutzanspr\"{u}che und beabsichtigt, in Deutschland zu bleiben. Die erfolgreiche Integration dieser Schutzsuchenden ist von hoher Relevanz f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt, Sozialstaat, Gesellschaft und Politik. Es wird untersucht, wie sich Arbeitsmarktintegration, Leistungsbezug und Bildungserwerb der bis 2019 zugezogenen Schutzsuchenden entwickelt haben, um Schlussfolgerungen f\"{u}r die weiteren Erwerbsverl\"{a}ufe dieser Gruppe und auch der sp\"{a}ter zugezogenen Gefl\"{u}chteten zu ziehen.},
type = {IAB-Forschungsbericht 02/2023},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Zum Jahresende 2022 lebten in Deutschland (die seit Beginn des russischen Angriffskriegs geflohenen ukrainischen Staatsangehörigen nicht mitgezählt) knapp 2,2 Millionen Menschen, die als Schutzsuchende gekommen sind. Die große Mehrheit hat anerkannte Schutzansprüche und beabsichtigt, in Deutschland zu bleiben. Die erfolgreiche Integration dieser Schutzsuchenden ist von hoher Relevanz für Arbeitsmarkt, Sozialstaat, Gesellschaft und Politik. Es wird untersucht, wie sich Arbeitsmarktintegration, Leistungsbezug und Bildungserwerb der bis 2019 zugezogenen Schutzsuchenden entwickelt haben, um Schlussfolgerungen für die weiteren Erwerbsverläufe dieser Gruppe und auch der später zugezogenen Geflüchteten zu ziehen.
Fendel, Tanja; Kosyakova, Yuliya
Couples’ housework division among immigrants and natives – the role of women’s economic resources Journal Article
In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2023.
@article{nokey,
title = {Couples’ housework division among immigrants and natives \textendash the role of women’s economic resources},
author = {Tanja Fendel and Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369183X.2022.2161495},
doi = {10.1080/1369183X.2022.2161495},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-11},
urldate = {2022-12-16},
journal = {Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies},
abstract = {Previous literature has intensively examined gender differences in housework hours among couples. However, analyses on immigrant couples are rare, despite the highly uneven division of their household labor. By testing competing theoretical explanations, this study focused on the impact of immigrant wives’ labor market integration on couples’ division of housework time. Using longitudinal representative data for Germany from 1995\textendash2019, we applied fixed effects estimations to examine the effect of immigrant and native-born wives’ income and labor market entry on the housework time of both wives and husbands. Immigrant wives barely adjusted their housework times due to relative or absolute income changes, which can be explained by immigrant couples’ traditional orientation together with their lower social and labor market integration. Among native-born wives, increasing housework time with increasing relative income \textendash a behavior also possibly determined by traditional gender values \textendash was observed only when they earned more than 60 percent of the couples’ total income. Furthermore, the high gender differences in housework time gave immigrant husbands flexibility to respond to their wives’ labor market integration, as proposed by the relative resources perspective.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Previous literature has intensively examined gender differences in housework hours among couples. However, analyses on immigrant couples are rare, despite the highly uneven division of their household labor. By testing competing theoretical explanations, this study focused on the impact of immigrant wives’ labor market integration on couples’ division of housework time. Using longitudinal representative data for Germany from 1995–2019, we applied fixed effects estimations to examine the effect of immigrant and native-born wives’ income and labor market entry on the housework time of both wives and husbands. Immigrant wives barely adjusted their housework times due to relative or absolute income changes, which can be explained by immigrant couples’ traditional orientation together with their lower social and labor market integration. Among native-born wives, increasing housework time with increasing relative income – a behavior also possibly determined by traditional gender values – was observed only when they earned more than 60 percent of the couples’ total income. Furthermore, the high gender differences in housework time gave immigrant husbands flexibility to respond to their wives’ labor market integration, as proposed by the relative resources perspective.
Olbrich, Lukas; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Sakshaug, Joseph W.; Schwanhäuser, Silvia
Detecting interviewer fraud using multilevel models Journal Article
In: Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology, vol. online first, 2023.
@article{nokey,
title = {Detecting interviewer fraud using multilevel models},
author = {Lukas Olbrich and Yuliya Kosyakova and Joseph W. Sakshaug and Silvia Schwanh\"{a}user},
doi = {10.1093/jssam/smac036},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-02},
urldate = {2023-01-02},
journal = {Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology},
volume = {online first},
abstract = {Interviewer falsification, such as the complete or partial fabrication of interview data, has been shown to substantially affect the results of survey data. In this study, we apply a method to identify falsifying face-to-face interviewers based on the development of their behavior over the survey field period. We postulate four potential falsifier types: steady low-effort falsifiers, steady high-effort falsifiers, learning falsifiers, and sudden falsifiers. Using large-scale survey data from Germany with verified falsifications, we apply multilevel models with interviewer effects on the intercept, scale, and slope of the interview sequence to test whether falsifiers can be detected based on their dynamic behavior. In addition to identifying a rather high-effort falsifier previously detected by the survey organization, the model flagged two additional suspicious interviewers exhibiting learning behavior, who were subsequently classified as deviant by the survey organization. We additionally apply the analysis approach to publicly available cross-national survey data and find multiple interviewers who show behavior consistent with the postulated falsifier types.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Interviewer falsification, such as the complete or partial fabrication of interview data, has been shown to substantially affect the results of survey data. In this study, we apply a method to identify falsifying face-to-face interviewers based on the development of their behavior over the survey field period. We postulate four potential falsifier types: steady low-effort falsifiers, steady high-effort falsifiers, learning falsifiers, and sudden falsifiers. Using large-scale survey data from Germany with verified falsifications, we apply multilevel models with interviewer effects on the intercept, scale, and slope of the interview sequence to test whether falsifiers can be detected based on their dynamic behavior. In addition to identifying a rather high-effort falsifier previously detected by the survey organization, the model flagged two additional suspicious interviewers exhibiting learning behavior, who were subsequently classified as deviant by the survey organization. We additionally apply the analysis approach to publicly available cross-national survey data and find multiple interviewers who show behavior consistent with the postulated falsifier types.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kogan, Irena
Arbeitsmarkt [Labor market] Book Section
In: Scharrer, Tabea; Glorius, Birgit; Kleist, Olaf; Berlinghoff, Marcel (Ed.): Handbuch Flucht- und Flüchtlingsforschung. Handbuch für Wissenschaft und Studium, vol. 3.4.2, pp. 599-606, Nomos, Baden-Baden, 2023.
@incollection{Kosyakova2022,
title = {Arbeitsmarkt [Labor market]},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Irena Kogan},
editor = {Tabea Scharrer and Birgit Glorius and Olaf Kleist and Marcel Berlinghoff},
url = {https://www.nomos-shop.de/nomos/titel/flucht-und-fluechtlingsforschung-id-97223/},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
booktitle = {Handbuch Flucht- und Fl\"{u}chtlingsforschung. Handbuch f\"{u}r Wissenschaft und Studium},
volume = {3.4.2},
pages = {599-606},
publisher = {Nomos},
address = {Baden-Baden},
chapter = {3.4.2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {incollection}
}
2022
Brücker, Herbert; Ette, Andreas; Grabka, Markus M.; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Niehues, Wenke; Rother, Nina; Spieß, C. Katharina; Zinn, Sabine; Bujard, Martin; Cardozo, Adriana; Décieux, Jean Philippe; Maddox, Amrei; Milewski, Nadja; Naderi, Robert; Sauer, Lenore; Schmitz, Sophia; Schwanhäuser, Silvia; Siegert, Manuel; Tanis, Kerstin
Gefüchtete aus der Ukraine in Deutschland. Flucht, Ankunft und Leben Technical Report
IAB-Forschungsbericht 24/2022 2022.
@techreport{Br\"{u}cker2022,
title = {Gef\"{u}chtete aus der Ukraine in Deutschland. Flucht, Ankunft und Leben},
author = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Andreas Ette and Markus M. Grabka and Yuliya Kosyakova and Wenke Niehues and Nina Rother and C. Katharina Spie\ss and Sabine Zinn and Martin Bujard and Adriana Cardozo and Jean Philippe D\'{e}cieux and Amrei Maddox and Nadja Milewski and Robert Naderi and Lenore Sauer and Sophia Schmitz and Silvia Schwanh\"{a}user and Manuel Siegert and Kerstin Tanis},
url = {https://doku.iab.de/forschungsbericht/2022/fb2422.pdf},
doi = {10.48720/IAB.FB.2224},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-12-19},
urldate = {2022-12-19},
issuetitle = {IAB-Forschungsbericht 24/2022},
institution = {IAB-Forschungsbericht 24/2022},
abstract = {Das Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), das Bundesinstitut f\"{u}r Bev\"{o}lkerungsforschung (BiB), das Forschungszentrum des Bundesamts f\"{u}r Migration und Fl\"{u}chtlinge (BAMF-FZ) und das Sozio-oekonomische Panel (SOEP) am Deutschen Institut f\"{u}r Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW Berlin) haben 11.225 gefl\"{u}chtete Ukrainerinnen und Ukrainer zwischen August und Oktober 2022 befragt. Die Befragung kann auf die Grundgesamtheit der ukrainischen Gefl\"{u}chteten, die seit Kriegsausbruch am 24.2.2022 bis zum 8. Juni 2022 nach Deutschland zugezogen sind, hochgerechnet werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die meisten Gefl\"{u}chteten wegen der Kriegshandlungen aus der Ukraine geflohen und aufgrund bestehender pers\"{o}nlicher Netzwerke und der Achtung der Menschenrechte nach Deutschland gezogen sind. Rund 80 Prozent der erwachsenen Gefl\"{u}chteten sind weiblich. Knapp die H\"{a}lfte lebt mit minderj\"{a}hrigen Kindern und vier F\"{u}nftel ohne Partner oder Partnerin in Deutschland. Gut 70 Prozent verf\"{u}gen \"{u}ber Hochschul- oder vergleichbare Bildungsabschl\"{u}sse. Nur 4 Prozent verf\"{u}gen \"{u}ber gute oder sehr gute, weitere 14 Prozent \"{u}ber mittlere deutsche Sprachkenntnisse. Allerdings hatte zum Befragungszeitpunkt bereits die H\"{a}lfte einen Sprachkurs begonnen oder abgeschlossen. 17 Prozent waren zum Befragungszeitpunkt erwerbst\"{a}tig. Unter den Erwerbst\"{a}tigen \"{u}bten rund 70 Prozent eine qualifizierte T\"{a}tigkeit aus. Der Gesundheitszustand der Gefl\"{u}chteten ist im Durchschnitt gut, die Lebenszufriedenheit aber viel geringer als im deutschen Bev\"{o}lkerungsdurchschnitt. Gut ein Drittel der Gefl\"{u}chteten wollen dauerhaft oder f\"{u}r mehrere Jahre in Deutschland bleiben, ebenfalls ein Drittel Deutschland nach Kriegsende wieder verlassen, 27 Prozent k\"{o}nnen noch keine Aussagen \"{u}ber ihre Bleibeabsichten treffen.},
howpublished = {IAB-Forschungsbericht 24/2022},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Das Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), das Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung (BiB), das Forschungszentrum des Bundesamts für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF-FZ) und das Sozio-oekonomische Panel (SOEP) am Deutschen Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW Berlin) haben 11.225 geflüchtete Ukrainerinnen und Ukrainer zwischen August und Oktober 2022 befragt. Die Befragung kann auf die Grundgesamtheit der ukrainischen Geflüchteten, die seit Kriegsausbruch am 24.2.2022 bis zum 8. Juni 2022 nach Deutschland zugezogen sind, hochgerechnet werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die meisten Geflüchteten wegen der Kriegshandlungen aus der Ukraine geflohen und aufgrund bestehender persönlicher Netzwerke und der Achtung der Menschenrechte nach Deutschland gezogen sind. Rund 80 Prozent der erwachsenen Geflüchteten sind weiblich. Knapp die Hälfte lebt mit minderjährigen Kindern und vier Fünftel ohne Partner oder Partnerin in Deutschland. Gut 70 Prozent verfügen über Hochschul- oder vergleichbare Bildungsabschlüsse. Nur 4 Prozent verfügen über gute oder sehr gute, weitere 14 Prozent über mittlere deutsche Sprachkenntnisse. Allerdings hatte zum Befragungszeitpunkt bereits die Hälfte einen Sprachkurs begonnen oder abgeschlossen. 17 Prozent waren zum Befragungszeitpunkt erwerbstätig. Unter den Erwerbstätigen übten rund 70 Prozent eine qualifizierte Tätigkeit aus. Der Gesundheitszustand der Geflüchteten ist im Durchschnitt gut, die Lebenszufriedenheit aber viel geringer als im deutschen Bevölkerungsdurchschnitt. Gut ein Drittel der Geflüchteten wollen dauerhaft oder für mehrere Jahre in Deutschland bleiben, ebenfalls ein Drittel Deutschland nach Kriegsende wieder verlassen, 27 Prozent können noch keine Aussagen über ihre Bleibeabsichten treffen.
Gërxhani, Klarita; Kosyakova, Yuliya
The effect of co-ethnic social capital on immigrants' labor market integration: a natural experiment Journal Article
In: Comparative Migration Studies, vol. 10, iss. 15, no. 15, 2022, ISSN: 2214-594X.
@article{Gerxhani2022,
title = {The effect of co-ethnic social capital on immigrants' labor market integration: a natural experiment},
author = {Klarita G\"{e}rxhani and Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {https://comparativemigrationstudies.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40878-022-00289-x},
doi = {10.1186/s40878-022-00289-x},
issn = {2214-594X},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-12-01},
urldate = {2022-04-12},
journal = {Comparative Migration Studies},
volume = {10},
number = {15},
issue = {15},
abstract = {Empirically identifying the causal effect of social capital on immigrants' economic prospects is a challenging task due to the non-random residential sorting of immigrants into locations with greater opportunities for prior or co-ethnic connections. Our study addresses this selection-bias issue by using a natural-experimental dataset of refugees and other immigrants who were exogenously allocated to their first place of residence by German authorities. This unique opportunity allows us to make an important methodological contribution to the predominantly observational knowledge about immigration and co-ethnic social capital. Although a growing body of migration studies in economics and sociology stresses the importance of social networks for migrants' labor market integration, our results show little evidence of a causal effect of social networks themselves. Being part of a larger co-ethnic community per se does not accelerate immigrants' labor market success except for the migrants who use the resources embedded in their social contacts when looking for a job. We conclude that further methodological advancements can be achieved by embracing recent technological developments and by combining different methods to increase both internal and external validity of findings in migration studies.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Empirically identifying the causal effect of social capital on immigrants' economic prospects is a challenging task due to the non-random residential sorting of immigrants into locations with greater opportunities for prior or co-ethnic connections. Our study addresses this selection-bias issue by using a natural-experimental dataset of refugees and other immigrants who were exogenously allocated to their first place of residence by German authorities. This unique opportunity allows us to make an important methodological contribution to the predominantly observational knowledge about immigration and co-ethnic social capital. Although a growing body of migration studies in economics and sociology stresses the importance of social networks for migrants' labor market integration, our results show little evidence of a causal effect of social networks themselves. Being part of a larger co-ethnic community per se does not accelerate immigrants' labor market success except for the migrants who use the resources embedded in their social contacts when looking for a job. We conclude that further methodological advancements can be achieved by embracing recent technological developments and by combining different methods to increase both internal and external validity of findings in migration studies.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Laible, Marie-Christine
Importance of Personality Traits for Destination-Language Acquisition: Evidence for refugees in Germany Journal Article
In: International Migration Review, 2022.
@article{nokey,
title = {Importance of Personality Traits for Destination-Language Acquisition: Evidence for refugees in Germany},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Marie-Christine Laible},
doi = {10.1177/01979183221132538},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-22},
urldate = {2022-11-22},
journal = {International Migration Review},
abstract = {We analyze the role of personality traits in destination-language proficiency among recent refugees in Germany. While personality traits have been shown to predict educational outcomes, they have been overlooked for immigrants’ language acquisition. We extend a well-established model of destination-language proficiency and assume that personality traits’ effects manifest through the channels of exposure, efficiency, and incentives. Using longitudinal data and growth curve models, we find that personality traits significantly shaped destination-language learning. Openness to new experiences, conscientiousness, risk appetite, locus of control and resilience were positively related to destination-language proficiency, while agreeableness and neuroticism were insignificant. The positive impact of extraversion and the negative impact of self-esteem on destination-language proficiency were only marginally significant. For all personality traits, we observe that both the efficiency of learning and exposure to learning opportunities represented possible channels through which personality traits affected refugees’ destination-language proficiency. In sum, personality traits affect refugees’ destination-language proficiency and, thereby, contribute to sustainable economic and societal integration processes. We conclude by discussing implications for international migration research and policy.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We analyze the role of personality traits in destination-language proficiency among recent refugees in Germany. While personality traits have been shown to predict educational outcomes, they have been overlooked for immigrants’ language acquisition. We extend a well-established model of destination-language proficiency and assume that personality traits’ effects manifest through the channels of exposure, efficiency, and incentives. Using longitudinal data and growth curve models, we find that personality traits significantly shaped destination-language learning. Openness to new experiences, conscientiousness, risk appetite, locus of control and resilience were positively related to destination-language proficiency, while agreeableness and neuroticism were insignificant. The positive impact of extraversion and the negative impact of self-esteem on destination-language proficiency were only marginally significant. For all personality traits, we observe that both the efficiency of learning and exposure to learning opportunities represented possible channels through which personality traits affected refugees’ destination-language proficiency. In sum, personality traits affect refugees’ destination-language proficiency and, thereby, contribute to sustainable economic and societal integration processes. We conclude by discussing implications for international migration research and policy.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Goßner, Laura
Arbeit: Die große Mobilisierung Book Chapter
In: Bussemer, J.; Albrecht, F.; Riethmüller, D.; Jakob, C. (Ed.): pp. 36-37, Atlas der Migration, 2022.
@inbook{Kosyakova_Go\ssner_2022,
title = {Arbeit: Die gro\sse Mobilisierung},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Laura Go\ssner},
editor = {J. Bussemer and F. Albrecht and D. Riethm\"{u}ller and C. Jakob},
url = {https://www.rosalux.de/fileadmin/rls_uploads/pdfs/sonst_publikationen/atlasdermigration2022.pdf},
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Kanas, Agnieszka; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Vallizadeh, Ehsan
Linguistic Enclaves, Sorting, and Language Skills of Immigrants Journal Article
In: Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 2022.
@article{nokey,
title = {Linguistic Enclaves, Sorting, and Language Skills of Immigrants},
author = {Agnieszka Kanas and Yuliya Kosyakova and Ehsan Vallizadeh },
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15562948.2022.2132572},
doi = {10.1080/15562948.2022.2132572},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-14},
urldate = {2022-10-01},
journal = {Journal of Immigrant \& Refugee Studies},
abstract = {The literature argues that linguistic enclaves negatively affect immigrants' language proficiency by reducing their exposure and incentives to learn destination language. This negative association may, however, be spurious, arising due to the self-selection of immigrants into regions with larger enclaves. Exploiting the natural experiment of the German residential policy, this paper analyses the influence of linguistic enclaves on refugees’ language proficiency. We find no evidence that enclaves hamper German language learning among refugees. Our results are robust to various measurements and model specifications. We conclude that the negative relationship reported in previous research is mainly driven by immigrant’s residential sorting.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
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The literature argues that linguistic enclaves negatively affect immigrants' language proficiency by reducing their exposure and incentives to learn destination language. This negative association may, however, be spurious, arising due to the self-selection of immigrants into regions with larger enclaves. Exploiting the natural experiment of the German residential policy, this paper analyses the influence of linguistic enclaves on refugees’ language proficiency. We find no evidence that enclaves hamper German language learning among refugees. Our results are robust to various measurements and model specifications. We conclude that the negative relationship reported in previous research is mainly driven by immigrant’s residential sorting.
Karmaeva, Natalia; Kosyakova, Yuliya
Perpetuating inequality through participation in adult learning and education in Russia Journal Article
In: International Journal of Lifelong Education, 2022.
@article{nokey,
title = {Perpetuating inequality through participation in adult learning and education in Russia},
author = {Natalia Karmaeva and Yuliya Kosyakova },
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/YNHDZ8V6WTTU7NVRCS92/full?target=10.1080/02601370.2022.2128449 },
doi = {10.1080/02601370.2022.2128449},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-07},
urldate = {2022-10-07},
journal = {International Journal of Lifelong Education},
abstract = {We apply cumulative advantage (CA) theory to understand the social hierarchies behind the accumulation of skills and rewards through Adult Learning and Education (ALE) \textendash formal, informal, and non-formal. Using representative data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE), we confirm the assumption of CA theory that advantages are accumulated through ALE, not only within social groups, but also between them. For individuals coming from educationally advantaged families but without higher education, participation in informal non-job-related ALE and formal ALE enhances employment chances. It is therefore a strategy to compensate for the lack of higher education for those coming from educationally advantaged families. For those coming from less educationally advantaged families, higher education moderates the positive effect on wages of non-formal ALE without employer support. Rather than being a way to compensate for between-group inequalities, this type of ALE allows for labour market adaptation for the educationally disadvantaged and has positive effects within the group. We conclude that various types of ALE are institutionalised into different paths of human capital accumulation.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We apply cumulative advantage (CA) theory to understand the social hierarchies behind the accumulation of skills and rewards through Adult Learning and Education (ALE) – formal, informal, and non-formal. Using representative data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE), we confirm the assumption of CA theory that advantages are accumulated through ALE, not only within social groups, but also between them. For individuals coming from educationally advantaged families but without higher education, participation in informal non-job-related ALE and formal ALE enhances employment chances. It is therefore a strategy to compensate for the lack of higher education for those coming from educationally advantaged families. For those coming from less educationally advantaged families, higher education moderates the positive effect on wages of non-formal ALE without employer support. Rather than being a way to compensate for between-group inequalities, this type of ALE allows for labour market adaptation for the educationally disadvantaged and has positive effects within the group. We conclude that various types of ALE are institutionalised into different paths of human capital accumulation.
van Tubergen, Frank; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kanas, Agnieszka
Conflict intensity in the region of birth increases religiosity among refugees Working paper
CReAM Discussion Paper Series 2/22, Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration (CReAM), Department of Economics, University College London., 2022., 2022.
@workingpaper{nokey,
title = {Conflict intensity in the region of birth increases religiosity among refugees},
author = {Frank van Tubergen and Yuliya Kosyakova and Agnieszka Kanas},
url = {https://www.cream-migration.org/publ_uploads/CDP_22_22.pdf},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-01},
urldate = {2022-10-01},
abstract = {Do violent conflicts increase religiosity? This study draws on evidence from a large-scale survey on refugees in Germany linked with data on time-varying conflict intensity in refugees’ birth regions prior to the survey interview. The results show that the greater the number of conflict-induced fatalities in the period before the interview, the more often refugees pray. The relationship between conflict and praying holds equally across demographic subgroups. Evidence suggests that both short- and long-term cumulative fatalities in refugees’ birth regions affect how often they pray. Additionally, the link between conflict and praying is stronger for refugees who have family and relatives still living in their country of origin. Finally, we show that the conflicts that matter are those occurring within the refugees’ specific region of birth rather than in other regions in the country. Implications for existential insecurity theory and cultural evolutionary theory are discussed.
},
howpublished = {CReAM Discussion Paper Series 2/22, Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration (CReAM), Department of Economics, University College London., 2022.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
Do violent conflicts increase religiosity? This study draws on evidence from a large-scale survey on refugees in Germany linked with data on time-varying conflict intensity in refugees’ birth regions prior to the survey interview. The results show that the greater the number of conflict-induced fatalities in the period before the interview, the more often refugees pray. The relationship between conflict and praying holds equally across demographic subgroups. Evidence suggests that both short- and long-term cumulative fatalities in refugees’ birth regions affect how often they pray. Additionally, the link between conflict and praying is stronger for refugees who have family and relatives still living in their country of origin. Finally, we show that the conflicts that matter are those occurring within the refugees’ specific region of birth rather than in other regions in the country. Implications for existential insecurity theory and cultural evolutionary theory are discussed.
van Tubergen, Frank; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kanas, Agnieszka
Conflict intensity in the region of birth increases religiosity among refugees Working paper
SocArXiv, 2022.
@workingpaper{nokey,
title = {Conflict intensity in the region of birth increases religiosity among refugees},
author = {Frank van Tubergen and Yuliya Kosyakova and Agnieszka Kanas},
doi = {10.31235/osf.io/36srd},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-30},
urldate = {2022-09-30},
institution = {SocArXiv},
abstract = {Do violent conflicts increase religiosity? This study draws on evidence from a large-scale survey on refugees in Germany linked with data on time-varying conflict intensity in refugees’ birth regions prior to the survey interview. The results show that the greater the number of conflict-induced fatalities in the period before the interview, the more often refugees pray. The relationship between conflict and praying holds equally across demographic subgroups. Evidence suggests that both short- and long-term cumulative fatalities in refugees’ birth regions affect how often they pray. Additionally, the link between conflict and praying is stronger for refugees who have family and relatives still living in their country of origin. Finally, we show that the conflicts that matter are those occurring within the refugees’ specific region of birth rather than in other regions in the country. Implications for existential insecurity theory and cultural evolutionary theory are discussed.
},
howpublished = {SocArXiv},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}
Do violent conflicts increase religiosity? This study draws on evidence from a large-scale survey on refugees in Germany linked with data on time-varying conflict intensity in refugees’ birth regions prior to the survey interview. The results show that the greater the number of conflict-induced fatalities in the period before the interview, the more often refugees pray. The relationship between conflict and praying holds equally across demographic subgroups. Evidence suggests that both short- and long-term cumulative fatalities in refugees’ birth regions affect how often they pray. Additionally, the link between conflict and praying is stronger for refugees who have family and relatives still living in their country of origin. Finally, we show that the conflicts that matter are those occurring within the refugees’ specific region of birth rather than in other regions in the country. Implications for existential insecurity theory and cultural evolutionary theory are discussed.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kogan, Irena
Labor market situation of refugees in Europe : The role of individual and contextual factors Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Political Science, vol. online first, 2022.
@article{Kosyakova2021j,
title = {Labor market situation of refugees in Europe : The role of individual and contextual factors},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Irena Kogan},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpos.2022.977764/full},
doi = {10.3389/fpos.2022.977764},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-23},
urldate = {2022-09-23},
journal = {Frontiers in Political Science},
volume = {online first},
abstract = {The paper sheds light on the patterns of labor market integration of refugees in Western countries, who arrived primarily during the 2015\textendash2016 mass refugee migration. Its major focus lies on the role of individual and contextual factors responsible for refugees' success in the labor market. At the host country level, the extent of permeability along the ethnic lines and the welcome of reception\textemdashboth on the part of the majority population and the part of the established minorities\textemdashconstitute further essential moderators of refugees' labor market success. This comprehensive literature overview draws on the flourishing body of research in Europe and beyond and discusses commonalities and differences across refugee origins and destinations while paying particular attention to the time trends and meaningful heterogeneities along with refugees' socio-demographic characteristics. We conclude by identifying major avenues for future research.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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The paper sheds light on the patterns of labor market integration of refugees in Western countries, who arrived primarily during the 2015–2016 mass refugee migration. Its major focus lies on the role of individual and contextual factors responsible for refugees' success in the labor market. At the host country level, the extent of permeability along the ethnic lines and the welcome of reception—both on the part of the majority population and the part of the established minorities—constitute further essential moderators of refugees' labor market success. This comprehensive literature overview draws on the flourishing body of research in Europe and beyond and discusses commonalities and differences across refugee origins and destinations while paying particular attention to the time trends and meaningful heterogeneities along with refugees' socio-demographic characteristics. We conclude by identifying major avenues for future research.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kulic, Nevena
Kinship, inter- and intraethnic social networks and refugees' division of housework Journal Article
In: Journal of Family Research, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 802–822, 2022, ISSN: 2699-2337.
@article{Kosyakova2022c,
title = {Kinship, inter- and intraethnic social networks and refugees' division of housework},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Nevena Kulic},
url = {https://ubp.uni-bamberg.de/jfr/index.php/jfr/article/view/783},
doi = {10.20377/jfr-783},
issn = {2699-2337},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Family Research},
volume = {34},
number = {2},
pages = {802\textendash822},
abstract = {Objective: This article investigates the role of social connections - kin proximity, premigration friends, and exposure to intra- and interethnic contacts in the host country - in the division of routine housework in refugee couples in Germany. Background: Although social connections are established as an influential factor in the economic and societal integration of newcomers, the role of such connections for the household division of labor among immigrant couples is less understood. Method: Pooled OLS and fixed-effect models were applied to four waves of the longitudinal IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees (2016-2019) to study coupled refugees of working age (1,045 couples, 2,699 couple-years). Results: We find that social connections are significant to the gendered division of routine housework among refugee couples. In particular, networks consisting of new inter- and intraethnic contacts are more influential than those consisting of kins and premigration friends. Moreover, it appears that the kin and new coethnic contacts of the husband are negatively related to their involvement in housework in absolute hours and relative to their wives. Husbands' new contacts with Germans are positively related to their involvement in routine housework. In turn, wives' contacts with Germans are not associated with a more egalitarian division of housework. Conclusion: Social networks may provide useful explanations for immigrants' domestic behavior, and they should be considered in setting up new policies that guide their integration.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Objective: This article investigates the role of social connections - kin proximity, premigration friends, and exposure to intra- and interethnic contacts in the host country - in the division of routine housework in refugee couples in Germany. Background: Although social connections are established as an influential factor in the economic and societal integration of newcomers, the role of such connections for the household division of labor among immigrant couples is less understood. Method: Pooled OLS and fixed-effect models were applied to four waves of the longitudinal IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees (2016-2019) to study coupled refugees of working age (1,045 couples, 2,699 couple-years). Results: We find that social connections are significant to the gendered division of routine housework among refugee couples. In particular, networks consisting of new inter- and intraethnic contacts are more influential than those consisting of kins and premigration friends. Moreover, it appears that the kin and new coethnic contacts of the husband are negatively related to their involvement in housework in absolute hours and relative to their wives. Husbands' new contacts with Germans are positively related to their involvement in routine housework. In turn, wives' contacts with Germans are not associated with a more egalitarian division of housework. Conclusion: Social networks may provide useful explanations for immigrants' domestic behavior, and they should be considered in setting up new policies that guide their integration.
Karmaeva, Natalia; Kosyakova, Yuliya
Perpetuating inequality through participation in adult learning and education in Russia Journal Article
In: International Journal of Lifelong Education, vol. 41, no. 4-5, pp. 513–532, 2022, ISSN: 0260-1370.
@article{Karmaeva2022,
title = {Perpetuating inequality through participation in adult learning and education in Russia},
author = {Natalia Karmaeva and Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02601370.2022.2128449},
doi = {10.1080/02601370.2022.2128449},
issn = {0260-1370},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-01},
journal = {International Journal of Lifelong Education},
volume = {41},
number = {4-5},
pages = {513\textendash532},
publisher = {Routledge},
abstract = {We apply cumulative advantage (CA) theory to understand the social hierarchies behind the accumulation of skills and rewards through Adult Learning and Education (ALE) \textendash formal, informal, and non-formal. Using representative data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE), we confirm the assumption of CA theory that advantages are accumulated through ALE, not only within social groups, but also between them. For individuals coming from educationally advantaged families but without higher education, participation in informal non-job-related ALE and formal ALE enhances employment chances. It is therefore a strategy to compensate for the lack of higher education for those coming from educationally advantaged families. For those coming from less educationally advantaged families, higher education moderates the positive effect on wages of non-formal ALE without employer support. Rather than being a way to compensate for between-group inequalities, this type of ALE allows for labour market adaptation for the educationally disadvantaged and has positive effects within the group. We conclude that various types of ALE are institutionalised into different paths of human capital accumulation.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We apply cumulative advantage (CA) theory to understand the social hierarchies behind the accumulation of skills and rewards through Adult Learning and Education (ALE) – formal, informal, and non-formal. Using representative data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE), we confirm the assumption of CA theory that advantages are accumulated through ALE, not only within social groups, but also between them. For individuals coming from educationally advantaged families but without higher education, participation in informal non-job-related ALE and formal ALE enhances employment chances. It is therefore a strategy to compensate for the lack of higher education for those coming from educationally advantaged families. For those coming from less educationally advantaged families, higher education moderates the positive effect on wages of non-formal ALE without employer support. Rather than being a way to compensate for between-group inequalities, this type of ALE allows for labour market adaptation for the educationally disadvantaged and has positive effects within the group. We conclude that various types of ALE are institutionalised into different paths of human capital accumulation.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Pohlan, Laura
With its numerous surveys the IAB will shed light on the coronavirus mystery Technical Report
IAB-Forum 6th of April 2022. Nürnberg: Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), 2022.
@techreport{nokey,
title = {With its numerous surveys the IAB will shed light on the coronavirus mystery},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Laura Pohlan},
url = {https://www.iab-forum.de/en/with-its-numerous-surveys-the-iab-will-shed-light-on-the-coronavirus-mystery/},
doi = {10.48720/IAB.FOO.20220406.02},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-04-06},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg: Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)},
institution = {IAB-Forum 6th of April 2022.},
abstract = {The Covid-19 crisis has led to a dramatic increase in the demand for information both in politics and practice. This poses an enormous challenge to the research and counselling activities at the IAB. To meet this demand, the IAB has expanded the existing surveys and, at the same time, introduced new ones on an unprecedented scale and in record time. And it has been worth the effort.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
The Covid-19 crisis has led to a dramatic increase in the demand for information both in politics and practice. This poses an enormous challenge to the research and counselling activities at the IAB. To meet this demand, the IAB has expanded the existing surveys and, at the same time, introduced new ones on an unprecedented scale and in record time. And it has been worth the effort.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kristen, Cornelia; Spörlein, Christoph
The dynamics of recent refugees' language acquisition: how do their pathways compare to those of other new immigrants? Journal Article
In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 989–1012, 2022, ISSN: 1369-183X.
@article{Kosyakova2021d,
title = {The dynamics of recent refugees' language acquisition: how do their pathways compare to those of other new immigrants?},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Cornelia Kristen and Christoph Sp\"{o}rlein},
doi = {10.1080/1369183X.2021.1988845},
issn = {1369-183X},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-04-01},
urldate = {2021-10-12},
journal = {Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies},
volume = {48},
number = {5},
pages = {989\textendash1012},
abstract = {Do the processes underlying destination-language acquisition differ between recently arrived refugees and other new immigrants? Based on a well-established model of language learning according to which language fluency is a function of efficiency, incentives, and exposure, this study addresses general processes of language learning as well as conditions specificto refugees. Longitudinal data on refugees (IAB-BAMF-SOEP Sample of Refugees in Germany) and other immigrants (IAB-SOEP Migration Sample) in Germany indicate that exposure to the destination language is the main driver of proficiency, followed by efficiency, whereas incentives matter less. Moreover, refugees profit substantially from structured learning in language courses, while other immigrants benefit more from informal exposure in their everyday environments. Overall, the findings suggest that language acquisition is a general process that is similar across different types of immigrants.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Do the processes underlying destination-language acquisition differ between recently arrived refugees and other new immigrants? Based on a well-established model of language learning according to which language fluency is a function of efficiency, incentives, and exposure, this study addresses general processes of language learning as well as conditions specificto refugees. Longitudinal data on refugees (IAB-BAMF-SOEP Sample of Refugees in Germany) and other immigrants (IAB-SOEP Migration Sample) in Germany indicate that exposure to the destination language is the main driver of proficiency, followed by efficiency, whereas incentives matter less. Moreover, refugees profit substantially from structured learning in language courses, while other immigrants benefit more from informal exposure in their everyday environments. Overall, the findings suggest that language acquisition is a general process that is similar across different types of immigrants.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Olbrich, Lukas; Sakshaug, Joseph W.; Schwanhäuser, Silvia
Positive Learning or Deviant Interviewing? Mechanisms of Experience on Interviewer Behavior Journal Article
In: Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 249–275, 2022, ISSN: 2325-0984.
@article{Kosyakova2021f,
title = {Positive Learning or Deviant Interviewing? Mechanisms of Experience on Interviewer Behavior},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Lukas Olbrich and Joseph W. Sakshaug and Silvia Schwanh\"{a}user},
url = {https://academic.oup.com/jssam/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jssam/smab003/6146168},
doi = {10.1093/jssam/smab003},
issn = {2325-0984},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-04-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {249\textendash275},
abstract = {Interviewer (mis)behavior has been shown to change with interviewers' professional experience (general experience) and experience gained during the field period (survey experience). We extend this study by using both types of experiences to analyze interviewer effects on a core quality indicator: interview duration. To understand whether the effect of interviewer experience on duration is driven by increased efficiency or deviant behavior\textemdashboth mechanisms of shorter interview durations\textemdashwe additionally examine the triggering rate of filter questions to avoid burdensome follow-up questions and response differentiation over the field period. Using multilevel models and data from a large-scale survey on a special and difficult-to-interview population of refugees in Germany, we find that interview duration decreases with increasing survey experience, particularly among the generally inexperienced interviewers. However, this effect is not found for the triggering rate and response differentiation. The results are robust to different sample and model specifications. We conclude that the underlying mechanism driving interview duration is related to increasing efficiency, and not deviant behavior.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Interviewer (mis)behavior has been shown to change with interviewers' professional experience (general experience) and experience gained during the field period (survey experience). We extend this study by using both types of experiences to analyze interviewer effects on a core quality indicator: interview duration. To understand whether the effect of interviewer experience on duration is driven by increased efficiency or deviant behavior—both mechanisms of shorter interview durations—we additionally examine the triggering rate of filter questions to avoid burdensome follow-up questions and response differentiation over the field period. Using multilevel models and data from a large-scale survey on a special and difficult-to-interview population of refugees in Germany, we find that interview duration decreases with increasing survey experience, particularly among the generally inexperienced interviewers. However, this effect is not found for the triggering rate and response differentiation. The results are robust to different sample and model specifications. We conclude that the underlying mechanism driving interview duration is related to increasing efficiency, and not deviant behavior.
Schwanhäuser, Silvia; Sakshaug, Joseph W.; Kosyakova, Yuliya
How to Catch a Falsifier: Comparison Of Statistical Detection Methods For Interviewer Falsification Journal Article
In: Public Opinion Quarterly, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 51–81, 2022, ISSN: 0033-362X.
@article{Schwanhauser2022,
title = {How to Catch a Falsifier: Comparison Of Statistical Detection Methods For Interviewer Falsification},
author = {Silvia Schwanh\"{a}user and Joseph W. Sakshaug and Yuliya Kosyakova},
doi = {10.1093/poq/nfab066},
issn = {0033-362X},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-02-01},
journal = {Public Opinion Quarterly},
volume = {81},
number = {1},
pages = {51\textendash81},
abstract = {Deviant interviewer behavior is a potential hazard of interviewer-administered surveys, with interviewers fabricating entire interviews as the most severe form. Various statistical methods (e.g., cluster analysis) have been proposed to detect falsifiers. These methods often rely on falsification indicators aiming to measure differences between real and falsified data. However, due to a lack of real-world data, empirical evaluations and comparisons of different statistical methods and falsification indicators are scarce. Using a large-scale nationally representative refugee survey in Germany with known fraudulent interviews, this study tests, evaluates, and compares statistical methods for identifying falsified data. We investigate the use of new and existing falsification indicators as well as multivariate detection methods for combining them. Additionally, we introduce a new and easy-to-use multivariate detection method that overcomes practical limitations of previous methods. We find that the vast majority of used falsification indicators successfully measure differences between falsifiers and nonfalsifiers, with the newly proposed falsification indicators outperforming some existing indicators. Furthermore, different multivariate detection methods perform similarly well in detecting the falsifiers.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Deviant interviewer behavior is a potential hazard of interviewer-administered surveys, with interviewers fabricating entire interviews as the most severe form. Various statistical methods (e.g., cluster analysis) have been proposed to detect falsifiers. These methods often rely on falsification indicators aiming to measure differences between real and falsified data. However, due to a lack of real-world data, empirical evaluations and comparisons of different statistical methods and falsification indicators are scarce. Using a large-scale nationally representative refugee survey in Germany with known fraudulent interviews, this study tests, evaluates, and compares statistical methods for identifying falsified data. We investigate the use of new and existing falsification indicators as well as multivariate detection methods for combining them. Additionally, we introduce a new and easy-to-use multivariate detection method that overcomes practical limitations of previous methods. We find that the vast majority of used falsification indicators successfully measure differences between falsifiers and nonfalsifiers, with the newly proposed falsification indicators outperforming some existing indicators. Furthermore, different multivariate detection methods perform similarly well in detecting the falsifiers.
Brücker, Herbert; Goßner, Laura; Hauptmann, Andreas; Jaschke, Philipp; Kassam, Kamal; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Stepanok, Ignat
Die Folgen des Ukraine-Kriegs für Migration: Eine erste Einschätzung Technical Report
IAB-Forschungsbericht No. 2/2022. Nürnberg: Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), 2022.
@techreport{Brucker2022,
title = {Die Folgen des Ukraine-Kriegs f\"{u}r Migration: Eine erste Einsch\"{a}tzung},
author = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Laura Go\ssner and Andreas Hauptmann and Philipp Jaschke and Kamal Kassam and Yuliya Kosyakova and Ignat Stepanok},
url = {https://doku.iab.de/forschungsbericht/2022/fb0222.pdf},
doi = {10.48720/IAB.FB.2202},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {IAB Forschungsbericht},
issue = {IAB Forschungsbericht},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg: Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)},
institution = {IAB-Forschungsbericht No. 2/2022.},
abstract = {Der Krieg in der Ukraine wird das Migrations- und Integrationsgeschehen in Europa nachhaltig beeinflussen. Seit Ausbruch des Kriegs sind bis zum Redaktionsschluss dieses Berichtes mehr als 500.000 Menschen aus der Ukraine in die Europ\"{a}ische Union und nach Moldawien gefl\"{u}chtet, d.h. pro Tag rund 100.000 Menschen. Krieg und Vertreibung l\"{o}sen sehr viel gr\"{o}\ssere Migrationsbewegungen als beispielsweise wirtschaftliche Faktoren aus. Zudem sind die Grenzen der EU weitgehend ge\"{o}ffnet, unter anderem weil f\"{u}r Staatsangeh\"{o}rige aus der Ukraine keine Visumspflicht besteht und die EU mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit die sogenannte Massenzustrom- Richtlinie anwenden wird und damit den Gefl\"{u}chteten ein vor\"{u}bergehendes Aufenthaltsrechte einr\"{a}umen wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist mit einer au\ssergew\"{o}hnlich hohen Migration aus der Ukraine zu rechnen, auch wenn der Umfang des Migrationspotenzials beim gegenw\"{a}rtig Stand der Erkenntnis nicht seri\"{o}s quantifiziert werden kann. Die Fluchtmigration konzentriert sich gegenw\"{a}rtig auf die unmittelbaren Nachbarstaaten der EU und Moldawien. Schon in der Vergangenheit war die Migration hier stark konzentriert, w\"{a}hrend auf Deutschland gemessen an der Bev\"{o}lkerung nur ein unterdurchschnittlicher Anteil entfiel. Wie vergangene Krisen gezeigt haben, kann sich aber die Regionalstruktur der Ziell\"{a}nder sehr schnell ver\"{a}ndern. Auch Deutschland sollte sich deshalb auf einen starken Anstieg der Migration aus der Ukraine einstellen. In der Vergangenheit waren Migrantinnen und Migranten aus der Ukraine mit einem Akademikeranteil von rund der H\"{a}lfte \"{u}berdurchschnittlich gut qualifiziert, 57 Prozent der Migrationsbev\"{o}lkerung aus der Ukraine sind Frauen. Besch\"{a}ftigungs-, Arbeitslosen- und Leistungsbezieherquoten von ukrainischen Staatsangeh\"{o}rigen in Deutschland entsprechen dem Durchschnitt der ausl\"{a}ndischen Bev\"{o}lkerung in Deutschland. Die Bev\"{o}lkerung mit einem Migrationshintergrund aus der Ukraine insgesamt, also unter Ber\"{u}cksichtigung der deutschen Staatsangeh\"{o}rigen, ist deutlich besser in den Arbeitsmarkt integriert. Auch die Gefl\"{u}chteten aus der Ukraine, die gegenw\"{a}rtig das Land verlassen, d\"{u}rften sich durch ein \"{u}berdurchschnittliches Bildungsniveau und einen hohen Anteil von Frauen und Kindern auszeichnen. Die Integration von Gefl\"{u}chteten kann stark erleichtert werden, wenn schnell Rechts- und Planungssicherheit u.a. durch l\"{a}ngere Aufenthaltserlaubnisse und Perspektiven f\"{u}r einen dauerhaften Aufenthalt in Deutschland hergestellt werden. Zudem sollten bei der Verteilung von Gefl\"{u}chteten Arbeitsmarktkriterien herangezogen werden. Aufbauend auf den Erfahrungen der Integration anderer Gefl\"{u}chteter sollte die Integration durch Sprach- und Arbeitsmarktprogramme, eine schnelle Arbeitsmarktberatung und -vermittlung, die Anerkennung beruflicher Abschl\"{u}sse und den Erwerb weiterer Bildungsabschl\"{u}sse unterst\"{u}tzt werden. Vor dem Hintergrund des hohen Frauen- und Kinderanteils sind auch die schnelle Integration von Kindern und Jugendlichen in das Bildungssystem, breite Betreuungsangebote und das gezielte Angebot von Sprach- und Integrationsprogrammen f\"{u}r Frauen zentral.},
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Der Krieg in der Ukraine wird das Migrations- und Integrationsgeschehen in Europa nachhaltig beeinflussen. Seit Ausbruch des Kriegs sind bis zum Redaktionsschluss dieses Berichtes mehr als 500.000 Menschen aus der Ukraine in die Europäische Union und nach Moldawien geflüchtet, d.h. pro Tag rund 100.000 Menschen. Krieg und Vertreibung lösen sehr viel größere Migrationsbewegungen als beispielsweise wirtschaftliche Faktoren aus. Zudem sind die Grenzen der EU weitgehend geöffnet, unter anderem weil für Staatsangehörige aus der Ukraine keine Visumspflicht besteht und die EU mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit die sogenannte Massenzustrom- Richtlinie anwenden wird und damit den Geflüchteten ein vorübergehendes Aufenthaltsrechte einräumen wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist mit einer außergewöhnlich hohen Migration aus der Ukraine zu rechnen, auch wenn der Umfang des Migrationspotenzials beim gegenwärtig Stand der Erkenntnis nicht seriös quantifiziert werden kann. Die Fluchtmigration konzentriert sich gegenwärtig auf die unmittelbaren Nachbarstaaten der EU und Moldawien. Schon in der Vergangenheit war die Migration hier stark konzentriert, während auf Deutschland gemessen an der Bevölkerung nur ein unterdurchschnittlicher Anteil entfiel. Wie vergangene Krisen gezeigt haben, kann sich aber die Regionalstruktur der Zielländer sehr schnell verändern. Auch Deutschland sollte sich deshalb auf einen starken Anstieg der Migration aus der Ukraine einstellen. In der Vergangenheit waren Migrantinnen und Migranten aus der Ukraine mit einem Akademikeranteil von rund der Hälfte überdurchschnittlich gut qualifiziert, 57 Prozent der Migrationsbevölkerung aus der Ukraine sind Frauen. Beschäftigungs-, Arbeitslosen- und Leistungsbezieherquoten von ukrainischen Staatsangehörigen in Deutschland entsprechen dem Durchschnitt der ausländischen Bevölkerung in Deutschland. Die Bevölkerung mit einem Migrationshintergrund aus der Ukraine insgesamt, also unter Berücksichtigung der deutschen Staatsangehörigen, ist deutlich besser in den Arbeitsmarkt integriert. Auch die Geflüchteten aus der Ukraine, die gegenwärtig das Land verlassen, dürften sich durch ein überdurchschnittliches Bildungsniveau und einen hohen Anteil von Frauen und Kindern auszeichnen. Die Integration von Geflüchteten kann stark erleichtert werden, wenn schnell Rechts- und Planungssicherheit u.a. durch längere Aufenthaltserlaubnisse und Perspektiven für einen dauerhaften Aufenthalt in Deutschland hergestellt werden. Zudem sollten bei der Verteilung von Geflüchteten Arbeitsmarktkriterien herangezogen werden. Aufbauend auf den Erfahrungen der Integration anderer Geflüchteter sollte die Integration durch Sprach- und Arbeitsmarktprogramme, eine schnelle Arbeitsmarktberatung und -vermittlung, die Anerkennung beruflicher Abschlüsse und den Erwerb weiterer Bildungsabschlüsse unterstützt werden. Vor dem Hintergrund des hohen Frauen- und Kinderanteils sind auch die schnelle Integration von Kindern und Jugendlichen in das Bildungssystem, breite Betreuungsangebote und das gezielte Angebot von Sprach- und Integrationsprogrammen für Frauen zentral.
Kristen, Cornelia; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Spörlein, Christoph
Deutschkenntnisse entwickeln sich bei Geflüchteten und anderen Neuzugewanderten ähnlich – Sprachkurse spielen wichtige Rolle Technical Report
DIW Wochenbericht 89(5): 63-69. Berlin, 2022.
@techreport{Kristen2022,
title = {Deutschkenntnisse entwickeln sich bei Gefl\"{u}chteten und anderen Neuzugewanderten \"{a}hnlich \textendash Sprachkurse spielen wichtige Rolle},
author = {Cornelia Kristen and Yuliya Kosyakova and Christoph Sp\"{o}rlein},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10419/251401},
doi = {10.18723/diw_wb:2022-5-1},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {DIW Wochenbericht},
volume = {5},
issue = {DIW Wochenbericht 5},
publisher = {Deutsches Institut f\"{u}r Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW)},
address = {Berlin},
institution = {DIW Wochenbericht 89(5): 63-69. },
abstract = {Studie vergleicht anhand von SOEP-Daten den Spracherwerb von Gefl\"{u}chteten und anderen Zugewanderten in den ersten Jahren nach der Migration • Zweitspracherwerb verl\"{a}uft in beiden Gruppen \"{a}hnlich: Im ersten Jahr ist Zuwachs an Deutschkenntnissen am st\"{a}rksten • Vor allem Lerngelegenheiten in Sprachkursen oder Alltagskontakten verbessern Sprachkenntnisse entscheidend, Motivation und Effizienz sind weniger wichtig • Gefl\"{u}chtete profitieren vor allem von gesteuerten Lerngelegenheiten wie Sprachkursen, w\"{a}hrend andere Zugewanderte st\"{a}rker durch Alltagskontakte Deutsch lernen • Angebot an Sprachkursen sollte kontinuierlich ausgebaut und verbessert werden},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
Studie vergleicht anhand von SOEP-Daten den Spracherwerb von Geflüchteten und anderen Zugewanderten in den ersten Jahren nach der Migration • Zweitspracherwerb verläuft in beiden Gruppen ähnlich: Im ersten Jahr ist Zuwachs an Deutschkenntnissen am stärksten • Vor allem Lerngelegenheiten in Sprachkursen oder Alltagskontakten verbessern Sprachkenntnisse entscheidend, Motivation und Effizienz sind weniger wichtig • Geflüchtete profitieren vor allem von gesteuerten Lerngelegenheiten wie Sprachkursen, während andere Zugewanderte stärker durch Alltagskontakte Deutsch lernen • Angebot an Sprachkursen sollte kontinuierlich ausgebaut und verbessert werden
Olbrich, Lukas; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Sakshaug, Joseph W.
The reliability of adult self-reported height: The role of interviewers Journal Article
In: Economics & Human Biology, vol. 45, pp. 101118, 2022, ISSN: 1570677X.
@article{Olbrich2022,
title = {The reliability of adult self-reported height: The role of interviewers},
author = {Lukas Olbrich and Yuliya Kosyakova and Joseph W. Sakshaug},
doi = {10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101118},
issn = {1570677X},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Economics \& Human Biology},
volume = {45},
pages = {101118},
abstract = {Surveys serve as an important source of information on key anthropometric characteristics such as body height or weight in the population. Such data are often obtained by directly asking respondents to report those values. Numerous studies have examined measurement errors in this context by comparing reported to measured values. However, little is known on the role of interviewers on the prevalence of irregularities in anthropometric survey data. In this study, we explore such interviewer effects in two ways. First, we use data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the UK Household Longitudinal Study to evaluate whether differences between reported and measured values are clustered within interviewers. Second, we investigate changes in adult self-reported height over survey waves in two German large-scale panel surveys. Here, we exploit that height should be constant over time for the majority of adult age groups. In both analyses, we use multilevel location-scale models to identify interviewers who enhance reporting errors and interviewers for whom unlikely height changes over waves occur frequently. Our results reveal that interviewers can play a prominent role in differences between reported and measured height values and changes in reported height over survey waves. We further provide an analysis of the consequences of height misreporting on substantive regression coefficients where we especially focus on the role of interviewers who reinforce reporting errors and unlikely height changes.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Surveys serve as an important source of information on key anthropometric characteristics such as body height or weight in the population. Such data are often obtained by directly asking respondents to report those values. Numerous studies have examined measurement errors in this context by comparing reported to measured values. However, little is known on the role of interviewers on the prevalence of irregularities in anthropometric survey data. In this study, we explore such interviewer effects in two ways. First, we use data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the UK Household Longitudinal Study to evaluate whether differences between reported and measured values are clustered within interviewers. Second, we investigate changes in adult self-reported height over survey waves in two German large-scale panel surveys. Here, we exploit that height should be constant over time for the majority of adult age groups. In both analyses, we use multilevel location-scale models to identify interviewers who enhance reporting errors and interviewers for whom unlikely height changes over waves occur frequently. Our results reveal that interviewers can play a prominent role in differences between reported and measured height values and changes in reported height over survey waves. We further provide an analysis of the consequences of height misreporting on substantive regression coefficients where we especially focus on the role of interviewers who reinforce reporting errors and unlikely height changes.
Kosyakova, Yuliya
Regionalstruktur Ukrainischer Communities in Deutschland Journal Article
In: Aktuelle Daten und Indikatoren, vol. 4 März 202, 2022.
@article{Kosyakova2022a,
title = {Regionalstruktur Ukrainischer Communities in Deutschland},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {https://doku.iab.de/arbeitsmarktdaten/ADuI_ukrainische_Communities.pdf},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Aktuelle Daten und Indikatoren},
volume = {4 M\"{a}rz 202},
publisher = {Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt und Berufsforschung},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg},
institution = {Aktuelle Daten und Indikatoren.},
abstract = {Dieser Beitrag untersucht die r\"{a}umliche Verteilung der ausl\"{a}ndischen Staatsangeh\"{o}rigen aus der Ukraine in Deutschland. Die Auswertungen zeigen, dass sich ukrainische Staatsangeh\"{o}rige zwar \"{a}hnlich wie die \"{u}brige ausl\"{a}ndische Bev\"{o}lkerung auf St\"{a}dte und Ballungsr\"{a}ume konzentrieren, aber sehr viel st\"{a}rker als andere Nationalit\"{a}ten in Ostdeutschland vertreten sind.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dieser Beitrag untersucht die räumliche Verteilung der ausländischen Staatsangehörigen aus der Ukraine in Deutschland. Die Auswertungen zeigen, dass sich ukrainische Staatsangehörige zwar ähnlich wie die übrige ausländische Bevölkerung auf Städte und Ballungsräume konzentrieren, aber sehr viel stärker als andere Nationalitäten in Ostdeutschland vertreten sind.
Goßner, Laura; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Laible, Marie-christine
Resilient or Vulnerable? Effects of the COVID-19 Crisis on the Mental Health of Refugees in Germany Journal Article
In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 7409, 2022, ISSN: 1660-4601.
@article{Go\ssner2022,
title = {Resilient or Vulnerable? Effects of the COVID-19 Crisis on the Mental Health of Refugees in Germany},
author = {Laura Go\ssner and Yuliya Kosyakova and Marie-christine Laible},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19127409},
issn = {1660-4601},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
volume = {19},
number = {12},
pages = {7409},
abstract = {Even though the COVID-19 pandemic had consequences for the whole society, like during most crises, some population groups tended to be disproportionally affected. We rely on the most recent data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees to explore the resilience or vulnerability of refugees in the face of the pandemic. As the 2020 wave of the survey was in the field when the second nationwide lockdown started in December, we are able to apply a regression discontinuity design to analyze how refugees in Germany are coping with these measures. Our results reveal a negative effect of the lockdown on refugees' life satisfaction. Male refugees and those with a weaker support system face stronger negative outcomes than their counterparts. Since mental health is an important prerequisite for all forms of integration, understanding the related psychological needs in times of crisis can be highly important for policymakers and other stakeholders.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Even though the COVID-19 pandemic had consequences for the whole society, like during most crises, some population groups tended to be disproportionally affected. We rely on the most recent data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees to explore the resilience or vulnerability of refugees in the face of the pandemic. As the 2020 wave of the survey was in the field when the second nationwide lockdown started in December, we are able to apply a regression discontinuity design to analyze how refugees in Germany are coping with these measures. Our results reveal a negative effect of the lockdown on refugees' life satisfaction. Male refugees and those with a weaker support system face stronger negative outcomes than their counterparts. Since mental health is an important prerequisite for all forms of integration, understanding the related psychological needs in times of crisis can be highly important for policymakers and other stakeholders.
Brücker, Herbert; Dauth, Wolfgang; Haas, Anette; Jaschke, Philipp; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Mense, Andreas; Moritz, Michael; Hong, Van Phan; Wolf, Katja
Ein Vorschlag zur Verteilung von Geflüchteten aus der Ukraine Technical Report
IAB-Forschungsbericht 5/2022. Nürnberg, 2022.
@techreport{Brucker2022a,
title = {Ein Vorschlag zur Verteilung von Gefl\"{u}chteten aus der Ukraine},
author = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Wolfgang Dauth and Anette Haas and Philipp Jaschke and Yuliya Kosyakova and Andreas Mense and Michael Moritz and Van Phan Hong and Katja Wolf},
url = {https://doku.iab.de/forschungsbericht/2022/fb0522.pdf},
doi = {10.48720/IAB.FB.2205},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {IAB Forschungsbericht},
volume = {5},
issue = {IAB Forschungsbericht 5},
publisher = {IAB},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg},
institution = {IAB-Forschungsbericht 5/2022.},
abstract = {Durch den Angriffskrieg Russlands wurden mehrere Millionen Menschen zur Flucht aus der Ukraine gezwungen. Auch nach Deutschland sind rund 310.000 Gefl\"{u}chtete bis zum 5. April 2022 eingereist. F\"{u}r jene Personen, die nicht privat in Familien oder bei Bekannten untergebracht und versorgt werden k\"{o}nnen, stellt sich die Frage, wie diese \"{u}ber das Bundesgebiet und auf die Landkreise und kreisfreien St\"{a}dte verteilt werden sollten. Die Verteilung \"{u}ber die L\"{a}nder erfolgt gegenw\"{a}rtig nach dem so genannten K\"{o}nigsteiner Schl\"{u}ssel, d.h. nach Bev\"{o}lkerung und Steueraufkommen. Die Verteilung innerhalb der L\"{a}nder erfolgt h\"{a}ufig nach Bev\"{o}lkerung und der Verf\"{u}gbarkeit von Wohnraum. In der Vergangenheit wurden durch diese Verteilungsmechanismen die Gefl\"{u}chteten \"{u}berdurchschnittlich auf strukturschwache Regionen mit hohen Arbeitslosenquoten verteilt. Das hat die Integrationschancen in den Arbeitsmarkt nachhaltig beeintr\"{a}chtigt. Empirische Studien zeigen, dass insbesondere die Situation am lokalen Arbeitsmarkt auch langfristig einen erheblichen Einfluss auf den Integrationserfolg hat. Insofern ist die Ausgangsverteilung \"{u}ber die Regionen f\"{u}r den Integrationserfolg zentral. Wir
pl\"{a}dieren daf\"{u}r, dass die Umverteilung von Gefl\"{u}chteten auf jene Personen beschr\"{a}nkt wird, die auf die \"{o}ffentliche Versorgung mit Wohnraum angewiesen ist. Zudem sollten Pr\"{a}ferenzen der Gefl\"{u}chteten nach Kriterien wie Familienbindungen und anderen Netzwerken ber\"{u}cksichtigt werden. Das Vorhandensein von derartigen Bindungen und Netzwerken hat einen nachweisbaren Einfluss auf den Integrationserfolg. Kommt es zu einer Umverteilung, sollten Integrationskriterien ber\"{u}cksichtigt werden.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Durch den Angriffskrieg Russlands wurden mehrere Millionen Menschen zur Flucht aus der Ukraine gezwungen. Auch nach Deutschland sind rund 310.000 Geflüchtete bis zum 5. April 2022 eingereist. Für jene Personen, die nicht privat in Familien oder bei Bekannten untergebracht und versorgt werden können, stellt sich die Frage, wie diese über das Bundesgebiet und auf die Landkreise und kreisfreien Städte verteilt werden sollten. Die Verteilung über die Länder erfolgt gegenwärtig nach dem so genannten Königsteiner Schlüssel, d.h. nach Bevölkerung und Steueraufkommen. Die Verteilung innerhalb der Länder erfolgt häufig nach Bevölkerung und der Verfügbarkeit von Wohnraum. In der Vergangenheit wurden durch diese Verteilungsmechanismen die Geflüchteten überdurchschnittlich auf strukturschwache Regionen mit hohen Arbeitslosenquoten verteilt. Das hat die Integrationschancen in den Arbeitsmarkt nachhaltig beeinträchtigt. Empirische Studien zeigen, dass insbesondere die Situation am lokalen Arbeitsmarkt auch langfristig einen erheblichen Einfluss auf den Integrationserfolg hat. Insofern ist die Ausgangsverteilung über die Regionen für den Integrationserfolg zentral. Wir
plädieren dafür, dass die Umverteilung von Geflüchteten auf jene Personen beschränkt wird, die auf die öffentliche Versorgung mit Wohnraum angewiesen ist. Zudem sollten Präferenzen der Geflüchteten nach Kriterien wie Familienbindungen und anderen Netzwerken berücksichtigt werden. Das Vorhandensein von derartigen Bindungen und Netzwerken hat einen nachweisbaren Einfluss auf den Integrationserfolg. Kommt es zu einer Umverteilung, sollten Integrationskriterien berücksichtigt werden.
plädieren dafür, dass die Umverteilung von Geflüchteten auf jene Personen beschränkt wird, die auf die öffentliche Versorgung mit Wohnraum angewiesen ist. Zudem sollten Präferenzen der Geflüchteten nach Kriterien wie Familienbindungen und anderen Netzwerken berücksichtigt werden. Das Vorhandensein von derartigen Bindungen und Netzwerken hat einen nachweisbaren Einfluss auf den Integrationserfolg. Kommt es zu einer Umverteilung, sollten Integrationskriterien berücksichtigt werden.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Gundacker, Lidwina; Salikutluk, Zerrin; Trübswetter, Parvati
Labour market integration in Germany: refugee women take significantly longer Journal Article
In: IAB Forum, no. July, pp. 1–10, 2022.
@article{Kosyakova2022b,
title = {Labour market integration in Germany: refugee women take significantly longer},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Lidwina Gundacker and Zerrin Salikutluk and Parvati Tr\"{u}bswetter},
url = {https://www.iab-forum.de/en/labour-market-integration-in-germany-refugee-women-take-significantly-longer-than-men/},
doi = {10.48720/IAB.FOO.20220715.2},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-07-15},
journal = {IAB Forum},
number = {July},
pages = {1\textendash10},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg: Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)},
institution = {IAB-Forum 15th of July 2022.},
abstract = {Refugees are increasingly succeeding in integrating into the German labour market. However, according to an analysis based on the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees, women benefit significantly less than men from these advances.
},
keywords = {},
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}
Refugees are increasingly succeeding in integrating into the German labour market. However, according to an analysis based on the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees, women benefit significantly less than men from these advances.
Tubergen, Frank Van; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kanas, Agnieszka
Conflict intensity in the region of birth increases religiosity among refugees Working paper
2022, ISSN: 0049-089X.
@workingpaper{Tubergen2022,
title = {Conflict intensity in the region of birth increases religiosity among refugees},
author = {Frank Van Tubergen and Yuliya Kosyakova and Agnieszka Kanas},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102895},
doi = {10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102895},
issn = {0049-089X},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {CReAM Discussion Paper Series},
volume = {22},
number = {October},
issue = {CReAM Discussion Paper Series 22},
pages = {102895},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
abstract = {Do violent conflicts increase religiosity? This study draws on evidence from a large-scale survey among refugees from Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria in Germany linked with data on time-varying conflict intensity in refugees' birth regions before the survey interview. The results show that the greater the number of conflict-induced fatalities in the period before the interview, the more often refugees pray. The relationship between conflict and praying holds equally across demographic subgroups. Evidence suggests that both short- and long-term cumulative fatalities in refugees' birth regions affect how often they pray. Additionally, the link between conflict and praying is stronger for refugees with family and relatives still living in their country of origin. Finally, we show that the conflicts that matter are those occurring within the refugees' specific region of birth rather than in other regions in the country. Implications for existential insecurity theory and cultural evolutionary theory are discussed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}
Do violent conflicts increase religiosity? This study draws on evidence from a large-scale survey among refugees from Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria in Germany linked with data on time-varying conflict intensity in refugees' birth regions before the survey interview. The results show that the greater the number of conflict-induced fatalities in the period before the interview, the more often refugees pray. The relationship between conflict and praying holds equally across demographic subgroups. Evidence suggests that both short- and long-term cumulative fatalities in refugees' birth regions affect how often they pray. Additionally, the link between conflict and praying is stronger for refugees with family and relatives still living in their country of origin. Finally, we show that the conflicts that matter are those occurring within the refugees' specific region of birth rather than in other regions in the country. Implications for existential insecurity theory and cultural evolutionary theory are discussed.
Brücker, Herbert; Ette, Andreas; Grabka, Markus M; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Niehues, Wenke; Rother, Nina; Spieß, C. Katharina; Zinn, Sabine; Bujard, Martin; Cardozo, Adriana; Décieux, Jean Philippe; Maddox, Amrei; Milewski, Nadja; Naderi, Robert; Sauer, Lenore; Schmitz, Sophia; Schwanhäuser, Silvia; Siegert, Manuel; Tanis, Kerstin
Geflüchtete aus der Ukraine in Deutschland: Flucht, Ankunft und Leben Technical Report
Nürnberg, 2022.
@techreport{Brucker2022b,
title = {Gefl\"{u}chtete aus der Ukraine in Deutschland: Flucht, Ankunft und Leben},
author = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Andreas Ette and Markus M Grabka and Yuliya Kosyakova and Wenke Niehues and Nina Rother and C. Katharina Spie\ss and Sabine Zinn and Martin Bujard and Adriana Cardozo and Jean Philippe D\'{e}cieux and Amrei Maddox and Nadja Milewski and Robert Naderi and Lenore Sauer and Sophia Schmitz and Silvia Schwanh\"{a}user and Manuel Siegert and Kerstin Tanis},
doi = {10.48720/IAB.FB.2224},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
volume = {24},
issue = {IAB Forschungsbericht 24},
publisher = {Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg},
abstract = {Das Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), das Bundesinstitut f\"{u}r Bev\"{o}lkerungsforschung (BiB), das Forschungszentrum des Bundesamts f\"{u}r Migration und Fl\"{u}chtlinge (BAMF-FZ) und das Soziooekonomische Panel (SOEP) am Deutschen Institut f\"{u}r Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW Berlin) haben 11.225 gefl\"{u}chtete Ukrainerinnen und Ukrainer zwischen August und Oktober 2022 befragt. Die Befragung kann auf die Grundgesamtheit der ukrainischen Gefl\"{u}chteten, die seit Kriegsausbruch am 24.2.2022 bis zum 8. Juni 2022 nach Deutschland zugezogen sind, hochgerechnet werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die meisten Gefl\"{u}chteten wegen der Kriegshandlungen aus der Ukraine geflohen und aufgrund bestehender pers\"{o}nlicher Netzwerke und der Achtung der Menschenrechte nach Deutschland gezogen sind. Rund 80 Prozent der erwachsenen Gefl\"{u}chteten sind weiblich. Knapp die H\"{a}lfte lebt mit minderj\"{a}hrigen Kindern und vier F\"{u}nftel ohne Partner oder Partnerin in Deutschland. Gut 70 Prozent verf\"{u}gen \"{u}ber Hochschul- oder vergleichbare Bildungsabschl\"{u}sse. Nur 4 Prozent verf\"{u}gen \"{u}ber gute oder sehr gute, weitere 14 Prozent \"{u}ber mittlere deutsche Sprachkenntnisse. Allerdings hatte zum Befragungszeitpunkt bereits die H\"{a}lfte einen Sprachkurs begonnen oder abgeschlossen. 17 Prozent waren zum Befragungszeitpunkt erwerbst\"{a}tig. Unter den Erwerbst\"{a}tigen \"{u}bten rund 70 Prozent eine qualifizierte T\"{a}tigkeit aus. Der Gesundheitszustand der Gefl\"{u}chteten ist im Durchschnitt gut, die Lebenszufriedenheit aber viel geringer als im deutschen Bev\"{o}lkerungsdurchschnitt. Gut ein Drittel der Gefl\"{u}chteten wollen dauerhaft oder f\"{u}r mehrere Jahre in Deutschland bleiben, ebenfalls ein Drittel Deutschland nach Kriegsende wieder verlassen, 27 Prozent k\"{o}nnen noch keine Aussagen \"{u}ber ihre Bleibeabsichten treffen.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
Das Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), das Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung (BiB), das Forschungszentrum des Bundesamts für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF-FZ) und das Soziooekonomische Panel (SOEP) am Deutschen Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW Berlin) haben 11.225 geflüchtete Ukrainerinnen und Ukrainer zwischen August und Oktober 2022 befragt. Die Befragung kann auf die Grundgesamtheit der ukrainischen Geflüchteten, die seit Kriegsausbruch am 24.2.2022 bis zum 8. Juni 2022 nach Deutschland zugezogen sind, hochgerechnet werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die meisten Geflüchteten wegen der Kriegshandlungen aus der Ukraine geflohen und aufgrund bestehender persönlicher Netzwerke und der Achtung der Menschenrechte nach Deutschland gezogen sind. Rund 80 Prozent der erwachsenen Geflüchteten sind weiblich. Knapp die Hälfte lebt mit minderjährigen Kindern und vier Fünftel ohne Partner oder Partnerin in Deutschland. Gut 70 Prozent verfügen über Hochschul- oder vergleichbare Bildungsabschlüsse. Nur 4 Prozent verfügen über gute oder sehr gute, weitere 14 Prozent über mittlere deutsche Sprachkenntnisse. Allerdings hatte zum Befragungszeitpunkt bereits die Hälfte einen Sprachkurs begonnen oder abgeschlossen. 17 Prozent waren zum Befragungszeitpunkt erwerbstätig. Unter den Erwerbstätigen übten rund 70 Prozent eine qualifizierte Tätigkeit aus. Der Gesundheitszustand der Geflüchteten ist im Durchschnitt gut, die Lebenszufriedenheit aber viel geringer als im deutschen Bevölkerungsdurchschnitt. Gut ein Drittel der Geflüchteten wollen dauerhaft oder für mehrere Jahre in Deutschland bleiben, ebenfalls ein Drittel Deutschland nach Kriegsende wieder verlassen, 27 Prozent können noch keine Aussagen über ihre Bleibeabsichten treffen.
Tubergen, Frank Van; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kanas, Agnieszka
Conflict intensity in the region of birth increases religiosity among refugees Working paper
CReAM Discussion Paper Series 22, 2022.
@workingpaper{Tubergen2022a,
title = {Conflict intensity in the region of birth increases religiosity among refugees},
author = {Frank Van Tubergen and Yuliya Kosyakova and Agnieszka Kanas},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102895},
doi = {10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102895},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {CReAM Discussion Paper Series},
volume = {22},
number = {October},
issue = {CReAM Discussion Paper Series 22},
abstract = {Do violent conflicts increase religiosity? This study draws on evidence from a large-scale survey among refugees from Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria in Germany linked with data on time-varying conflict intensity in refugees' birth regions before the survey interview. The results show that the greater the number of conflict-induced fatalities in the period before the interview, the more often refugees pray. The relationship between conflict and praying holds equally across demographic subgroups. Evidence suggests that both short- and long-term cumulative fatalities in refugees' birth regions affect how often they pray. Additionally, the link between conflict and praying is stronger for refugees with family and relatives still living in their country of origin. Finally, we show that the conflicts that matter are those occurring within the refugees' specific region of birth rather than in other regions in the country. Implications for existential insecurity theory and cultural evolutionary theory are discussed.},
howpublished = {CReAM Discussion Paper Series 22},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}
Do violent conflicts increase religiosity? This study draws on evidence from a large-scale survey among refugees from Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria in Germany linked with data on time-varying conflict intensity in refugees' birth regions before the survey interview. The results show that the greater the number of conflict-induced fatalities in the period before the interview, the more often refugees pray. The relationship between conflict and praying holds equally across demographic subgroups. Evidence suggests that both short- and long-term cumulative fatalities in refugees' birth regions affect how often they pray. Additionally, the link between conflict and praying is stronger for refugees with family and relatives still living in their country of origin. Finally, we show that the conflicts that matter are those occurring within the refugees' specific region of birth rather than in other regions in the country. Implications for existential insecurity theory and cultural evolutionary theory are discussed.
2021
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Bills, David B.
Formal adult education and socioeconomic inequality: Second chances or Matthew Effects? Journal Article
In: Sociology Compass, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. e12920, 2021, ISSN: 1751-9020.
@article{Kosyakova2021c,
title = {Formal adult education and socioeconomic inequality: Second chances or Matthew Effects?},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and David B. Bills},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/soc4.12920},
doi = {10.1111/soc4.12920},
issn = {1751-9020},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-01},
urldate = {2021-09-01},
journal = {Sociology Compass},
volume = {15},
number = {9},
pages = {e12920},
abstract = {In countries around the world, population aging, technological change, and labor market transformations are leading to an increasing incidence of mismatch between the skills and credentials held by workers and those required by their jobs. This is leading large numbers of people to return to schooling to enhance their prospects in the workplace. Access to adult education is highly stratified, and the returns to educational re-entry vary across social categories. This state-of-the-art paper focuses on two aspects. First, it examines the degree to which adult education (specifically, degree-bearing education) most benefits the less advantaged and thus mitigates socioeconomic inequality (second chance effects). Second, it addresses the degree to which the benefits of adult education go primarily to those who are already advantaged (Matthew Effects). Our review adopts the perspective of the socioeconomic life course and is explicitly cross-nationally comparative.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In countries around the world, population aging, technological change, and labor market transformations are leading to an increasing incidence of mismatch between the skills and credentials held by workers and those required by their jobs. This is leading large numbers of people to return to schooling to enhance their prospects in the workplace. Access to adult education is highly stratified, and the returns to educational re-entry vary across social categories. This state-of-the-art paper focuses on two aspects. First, it examines the degree to which adult education (specifically, degree-bearing education) most benefits the less advantaged and thus mitigates socioeconomic inequality (second chance effects). Second, it addresses the degree to which the benefits of adult education go primarily to those who are already advantaged (Matthew Effects). Our review adopts the perspective of the socioeconomic life course and is explicitly cross-nationally comparative.
Ambrosetti, Elena; Dietrich, Hans; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Patzina, Alexander
The Impact of Pre- and Postarrival Mechanisms on Self-rated Health and Life Satisfaction Among Refugees in Germany Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Sociology, vol. 6, 2021, ISSN: 2297-7775.
@article{Ambrosetti2021,
title = {The Impact of Pre- and Postarrival Mechanisms on Self-rated Health and Life Satisfaction Among Refugees in Germany},
author = {Elena Ambrosetti and Hans Dietrich and Yuliya Kosyakova and Alexander Patzina},
doi = {10.3389/fsoc.2021.693518},
issn = {2297-7775},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-07-01},
urldate = {2021-07-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Sociology},
volume = {6},
abstract = {In this study, we focus on the evolution of refugees' well-being in the first years after their arrival in Germany. In contrast to other immigrants (e.g., labor migrants), refugees experience higher risks of unexpected and traumatic events and insecurity before and during their migration and face various legal and structural barriers in the receiving country. We contribute to the existing literature by exploring from a dynamic perspective possible pre- and postarrival determinants of refugees' life satisfaction and self-rated health upon arrival in Germany and the development of their life satisfaction and self-rated health in the process of becoming established. Applying linear regression and panel models with recent longitudinal data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees in Germany, we find significant effects of prearrival factors, such as traumatic experiences and the complexity of migration, on both life satisfaction and self-rated health at the time of the first interview. Regarding postarrival factors, our results suggest that improvement in language proficiency and labor market status significantly shape refugees' life satisfaction and self-rated health. The time-dynamic analyses reveal substantial improvements in life satisfaction upon the approval of refugee status and the transition from shared housing to private accommodations. However, we find no improvements in self-rated health due to legal status but rather deterioration effects due to long-term residence in shared housing.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this study, we focus on the evolution of refugees' well-being in the first years after their arrival in Germany. In contrast to other immigrants (e.g., labor migrants), refugees experience higher risks of unexpected and traumatic events and insecurity before and during their migration and face various legal and structural barriers in the receiving country. We contribute to the existing literature by exploring from a dynamic perspective possible pre- and postarrival determinants of refugees' life satisfaction and self-rated health upon arrival in Germany and the development of their life satisfaction and self-rated health in the process of becoming established. Applying linear regression and panel models with recent longitudinal data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees in Germany, we find significant effects of prearrival factors, such as traumatic experiences and the complexity of migration, on both life satisfaction and self-rated health at the time of the first interview. Regarding postarrival factors, our results suggest that improvement in language proficiency and labor market status significantly shape refugees' life satisfaction and self-rated health. The time-dynamic analyses reveal substantial improvements in life satisfaction upon the approval of refugee status and the transition from shared housing to private accommodations. However, we find no improvements in self-rated health due to legal status but rather deterioration effects due to long-term residence in shared housing.
Damelang, Andreas; Kosyakova, Yuliya
To work or to study? Postmigration educational investments of adult refugees in Germany – Evidence from a choice experiment Journal Article
In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, vol. 73, pp. 100610, 2021, ISSN: 02765624.
@article{Damelang2021,
title = {To work or to study? Postmigration educational investments of adult refugees in Germany \textendash Evidence from a choice experiment},
author = {Andreas Damelang and Yuliya Kosyakova},
doi = {10.1016/j.rssm.2021.100610},
issn = {02765624},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-06-01},
urldate = {2021-06-01},
journal = {Research in Social Stratification and Mobility},
volume = {73},
pages = {100610},
abstract = {In this article, we analyze individual factors and situational conditions under which immigrants are more or less likely to invest in host country-specific human capital. Theoretically, we root our expectations in a strand of the immigrant human capital investment model combined with a basic model of educational decisions. Using a choice experiment, we simulate a decision process among refugees in Germany and examine the determinants of investment preferences into host country-specific credentials, such as vocational education, as an alternative to an immediately available job offer. The choice experiment was introduced in the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees, a representative longitudinal survey of recently arrived refugees in Germany. We find that refugees' intentions of investing in vocational education are guided by the transferability of foreign human capital, the time horizon to reap investments, and rational cost\textendashbenefit calculations. The probability of success is influential on its own but also bolsters the relevance of costs and benefits in educational choices.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this article, we analyze individual factors and situational conditions under which immigrants are more or less likely to invest in host country-specific human capital. Theoretically, we root our expectations in a strand of the immigrant human capital investment model combined with a basic model of educational decisions. Using a choice experiment, we simulate a decision process among refugees in Germany and examine the determinants of investment preferences into host country-specific credentials, such as vocational education, as an alternative to an immediately available job offer. The choice experiment was introduced in the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees, a representative longitudinal survey of recently arrived refugees in Germany. We find that refugees' intentions of investing in vocational education are guided by the transferability of foreign human capital, the time horizon to reap investments, and rational cost–benefit calculations. The probability of success is influential on its own but also bolsters the relevance of costs and benefits in educational choices.
Grasso, Maria; Klicperová-Baker, Martina; Koos, Sebastian; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Petrillo, Antonello; Vlase, Ionela
The impact of the coronavirus crisis on European societies. What have we learnt and where do we go from here? – Introduction to the COVID volume Journal Article
In: European Societies, vol. 23, no. sup1, pp. S2–S32, 2021, ISSN: 1461-6696.
@article{Grasso2021,
title = {The impact of the coronavirus crisis on European societies. What have we learnt and where do we go from here? \textendash Introduction to the COVID volume},
author = {Maria Grasso and Martina Klicperov\'{a}-Baker and Sebastian Koos and Yuliya Kosyakova and Antonello Petrillo and Ionela Vlase},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2020.1869283 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14616696.2020.1869283},
doi = {10.1080/14616696.2020.1869283},
issn = {1461-6696},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-02-01},
urldate = {2021-02-01},
journal = {European Societies},
volume = {23},
number = {sup1},
pages = {S2\textendashS32},
publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
abstract = {The coronavirus pandemic, which first impacted European societies in early 2020, has created a twofold crisis by combining a health threat with economic turmoil. While the crisis has affected all European societies very significantly, its impact varies across countries, social groups, and societal domains. In an effort to provide a first overview of the effect of the coronavirus crisis, in this editorial we discuss contributions of 58 papers published as part of this special issue. These early research papers illustrate the varied impact of the pandemic on various areas of social life. The first group of studies in this special issue analyzes the effect of the pandemic on social inequalities with respect to gender, ethnic otherness, education, and work. A second stream of research focuses on the psychological consequences of the pandemic, especially with respect to wellbeing and resilience. Thirdly, the crisis is discussed on a societal level, in regard to welfare states, social policies, and approaches to crisis governance. In a fourth line of inquiry, several studies have analyzed the impact of the pandemic on social solidarity and cohesion. A fifth strand of research is devoted to examining the role of culture and lifestyles. This review ends with a discussion of areas for future research trajectories.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The coronavirus pandemic, which first impacted European societies in early 2020, has created a twofold crisis by combining a health threat with economic turmoil. While the crisis has affected all European societies very significantly, its impact varies across countries, social groups, and societal domains. In an effort to provide a first overview of the effect of the coronavirus crisis, in this editorial we discuss contributions of 58 papers published as part of this special issue. These early research papers illustrate the varied impact of the pandemic on various areas of social life. The first group of studies in this special issue analyzes the effect of the pandemic on social inequalities with respect to gender, ethnic otherness, education, and work. A second stream of research focuses on the psychological consequences of the pandemic, especially with respect to wellbeing and resilience. Thirdly, the crisis is discussed on a societal level, in regard to welfare states, social policies, and approaches to crisis governance. In a fourth line of inquiry, several studies have analyzed the impact of the pandemic on social solidarity and cohesion. A fifth strand of research is devoted to examining the role of culture and lifestyles. This review ends with a discussion of areas for future research trajectories.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Pohlan, Laura
Mit einer Vielzahl an Erhebungen bringt das IAB Licht ins Corona-Dunkel Journal Article
In: IAB Forum, vol. 4, no. November, pp. 1–15, 2021.
@article{Kosyakova2021,
title = {Mit einer Vielzahl an Erhebungen bringt das IAB Licht ins Corona-Dunkel},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Laura Pohlan},
url = {https://www.iab-forum.de/mit-einer-vielzahl-an-erhebungen-bringt-das-iab-licht-ins-corona-dunkel/},
doi = {10.3389/fpos.2022.977764},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
journal = {IAB Forum},
volume = {4},
number = {November},
pages = {1\textendash15},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg: Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)},
institution = {IAB-Forum 17. November 2021.},
abstract = {The paper sheds light on the patterns of labor market integration of refugees in Western countries, who arrived primarily during the 2015\textendash2016 mass refugee migration. Its major focus lies on the role of individual and contextual factors responsible for refugees' success in the labor market. At the host country level, the extent of permeability along the ethnic lines and the welcome of reception\textemdashboth on the part of the majority population and the part of the established minorities\textemdashconstitute further essential moderators of refugees' labor market success. This comprehensive literature overview draws on the flourishing body of research in Europe and beyond and discusses commonalities and differences across refugee origins and destinations while paying particular attention to the time trends and meaningful heterogeneities along with refugees' socio-demographic characteristics. We conclude by identifying major avenues for future research.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The paper sheds light on the patterns of labor market integration of refugees in Western countries, who arrived primarily during the 2015–2016 mass refugee migration. Its major focus lies on the role of individual and contextual factors responsible for refugees' success in the labor market. At the host country level, the extent of permeability along the ethnic lines and the welcome of reception—both on the part of the majority population and the part of the established minorities—constitute further essential moderators of refugees' labor market success. This comprehensive literature overview draws on the flourishing body of research in Europe and beyond and discusses commonalities and differences across refugee origins and destinations while paying particular attention to the time trends and meaningful heterogeneities along with refugees' socio-demographic characteristics. We conclude by identifying major avenues for future research.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Laible, Marie-Christine
Socioemotional Skills and Refugees' Language Acquisition Working paper
CReAM Discussion Paper Series 2130, Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration (CReAM), Department of Economics, University College London., 2021.
@workingpaper{Kosyakova2021a,
title = {Socioemotional Skills and Refugees' Language Acquisition},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Marie-Christine Laible},
url = {https://ideas.repec.org/p/crm/wpaper/2130.html},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
journal = {CReAM Discussion Paper Series},
volume = {2130},
publisher = {Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration (CReAM), Department of Economics, University College London},
abstract = {We analyze socioemotional skills' role for destination-language proficiency among recent refugees in Germany. While socioemotional skills have been shown to predict educational outcomes, they have been overlooked for immigrants' language acquisition. We extend a well-established model of destination-language proficiency and assume that socioemotional skills' effects manifest through the channels of exposure, efficiency, and incentives. Using longitudinal data and growth curve models, we find that socioemotional skills significantly shape destination-language learning. Openness to new experiences, conscientiousness, risk appetite and locus of control positively relate to language proficiency, while extroversion, agreeableness and neuroticism are insignificant. We observe mediating effects, suggesting that socioemotional skills shape the channels of efficiency or exposure. Moreover, we observe multiplication effects reinforcing other advantageous characteristics' effects on language proficiency. In sum, socioemotional skills affect refugees' destination-language proficiency and thereby contribute to sustainable economic and societal integration processes. We conclude by discussing policy implications.},
howpublished = {CReAM Discussion Paper Series 2130, Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration (CReAM), Department of Economics, University College London.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}
We analyze socioemotional skills' role for destination-language proficiency among recent refugees in Germany. While socioemotional skills have been shown to predict educational outcomes, they have been overlooked for immigrants' language acquisition. We extend a well-established model of destination-language proficiency and assume that socioemotional skills' effects manifest through the channels of exposure, efficiency, and incentives. Using longitudinal data and growth curve models, we find that socioemotional skills significantly shape destination-language learning. Openness to new experiences, conscientiousness, risk appetite and locus of control positively relate to language proficiency, while extroversion, agreeableness and neuroticism are insignificant. We observe mediating effects, suggesting that socioemotional skills shape the channels of efficiency or exposure. Moreover, we observe multiplication effects reinforcing other advantageous characteristics' effects on language proficiency. In sum, socioemotional skills affect refugees' destination-language proficiency and thereby contribute to sustainable economic and societal integration processes. We conclude by discussing policy implications.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Brücker, Herbert
Does free movement of workers boost immigrant employment? New evidence from Germany Journal Article
In: Migration Studies, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1734–1762, 2021, ISSN: 2049-5838.
@article{Kosyakova2021b,
title = {Does free movement of workers boost immigrant employment? New evidence from Germany},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Herbert Br\"{u}cker},
doi = {10.1093/migration/mnab047},
issn = {2049-5838},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Migration Studies},
volume = {9},
number = {4},
pages = {1734\textendash1762},
abstract = {Extending free movement of workers (FMW) to the new Member States from Central and Eastern Europe was one of the most controversial political decisions in the history of the European Union. In this article, we study how the introduction of FMW affected immigrants' labor market integration in Germany. Using data from the IAB-SOEP Migration Sample,1 we show that the introduction of FMW was associated with a higher influx of skilled workers. Moreover, FMW has increased the probability of labor market entry within one year after arrival by 12 percentage points. Correspondingly, FMW improved welfare not only by increasing the scale of migration but also by raising immigrants' skill level and reducing the time before entry into the labor market. Our findings thus yield new insights on the beneficial effects of FMW on labor market integration of immigrants in the Common Market.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Extending free movement of workers (FMW) to the new Member States from Central and Eastern Europe was one of the most controversial political decisions in the history of the European Union. In this article, we study how the introduction of FMW affected immigrants' labor market integration in Germany. Using data from the IAB-SOEP Migration Sample,1 we show that the introduction of FMW was associated with a higher influx of skilled workers. Moreover, FMW has increased the probability of labor market entry within one year after arrival by 12 percentage points. Correspondingly, FMW improved welfare not only by increasing the scale of migration but also by raising immigrants' skill level and reducing the time before entry into the labor market. Our findings thus yield new insights on the beneficial effects of FMW on labor market integration of immigrants in the Common Market.
Goßner, Laura; Kosyakova, Yuliya
Integrationshemmnisse geflüchteter Frauen und mögliche Handlungsansätze – eine Übersicht bisheriger Erkenntnisse Technical Report
IAB-Forschungsbericht, No. 8/2021. Nürnberg, 2021.
@techreport{Go\ssner2021,
title = {Integrationshemmnisse gefl\"{u}chteter Frauen und m\"{o}gliche Handlungsans\"{a}tze \textendash eine \"{U}bersicht bisheriger Erkenntnisse},
author = {Laura Go\ssner and Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {https://doku.iab.de/kurzber/2021/kb2021-08.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
journal = {IAB Forschungsbericht},
volume = {8},
issue = {IAB Forschungsbericht 8},
publisher = {Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg},
institution = {IAB-Forschungsbericht, No. 8/2021.},
abstract = {Der aktuelle Stand der Integration Gefl\"{u}chteter in Deutschland weist hinsichtlich der Besch\"{a}ftigungsquoten, der Bildungspartizipation sowie des Spracherwerbs auf geschlechtsspezifische Differenzen hin. Vor diesem Hintergrund bietet der Bericht eine \"{U}bersicht bisheriger empirischer Evidenz zu Integrationshemmnissen gefl\"{u}chteter Frauen. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf m\"{o}glichen Herausforderungen durch die Kinderbetreuung sowie durch das Fehlen sozialer Netzwerke. Hierzu werden praxisorientierte Handlungsempfehlungen pr\"{a}sentiert.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Der aktuelle Stand der Integration Geflüchteter in Deutschland weist hinsichtlich der Beschäftigungsquoten, der Bildungspartizipation sowie des Spracherwerbs auf geschlechtsspezifische Differenzen hin. Vor diesem Hintergrund bietet der Bericht eine Übersicht bisheriger empirischer Evidenz zu Integrationshemmnissen geflüchteter Frauen. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf möglichen Herausforderungen durch die Kinderbetreuung sowie durch das Fehlen sozialer Netzwerke. Hierzu werden praxisorientierte Handlungsempfehlungen präsentiert.
Gundacker, Lidwina; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Schneider, Gerald
Global norms, regional practices: Taste-based and statistical discrimination in German asylum decision-making Journal Article
In: Working Paper Series of the Cluster of Excellence “The Politics of Inequality”, vol. 5, no. August, 2021.
@article{Gundacker2021a,
title = {Global norms, regional practices: Taste-based and statistical discrimination in German asylum decision-making},
author = {Lidwina Gundacker and Yuliya Kosyakova and Gerald Schneider},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-2-1sumrr9j5bd2v2},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-08-16},
journal = {Working Paper Series of the Cluster of Excellence “The Politics of Inequality”},
volume = {5},
number = {August},
publisher = {University of Konstanz},
abstract = {Asylum policy-making in advanced democracies frequently faces the accusation that prejudice and stereotyping lead to erroneous decisions. The model of taste-based discrimination suggests that the biases of decision-makers or their peers against certain groups of applicants influence the evaluation of an asylum claim. Conversely, the concept of statistical discrimination implies that a dearth of information forces impartial decision-makers to resort to stereotypes. We examine both forms of discrimination, evaluating whether they shape asylum-seekers' chances to receive protection in Germany, currently a key recipient country. Our empirical examination of a representative refugee survey in Germany confirms that asylum decisions are subject to taste- based discrimination: males, Muslims, and applicants assigned to regions with a conservative population or government are less likely to obtain asylum or other forms of protection. Conforming to the theory of statistical discrimination, stereotyping against male or Muslim applicants' manifests most pronouncedly if decision-makers suffer under high workload or possess little information. However, high information costs do not alter stereotyping in more conservative regions. Altogether, our study reveals that extra-legal reasons in the form of prejudice and stereotypes considerably undermine what should be the key criterion in assessing an asylum claim: the credibility of an individual's need for protection.},
howpublished = {Working Paper Series / Cluster of Excellence 'The Politics of Inequality', No 05. Konstanz: University of Konstanz},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Asylum policy-making in advanced democracies frequently faces the accusation that prejudice and stereotyping lead to erroneous decisions. The model of taste-based discrimination suggests that the biases of decision-makers or their peers against certain groups of applicants influence the evaluation of an asylum claim. Conversely, the concept of statistical discrimination implies that a dearth of information forces impartial decision-makers to resort to stereotypes. We examine both forms of discrimination, evaluating whether they shape asylum-seekers' chances to receive protection in Germany, currently a key recipient country. Our empirical examination of a representative refugee survey in Germany confirms that asylum decisions are subject to taste- based discrimination: males, Muslims, and applicants assigned to regions with a conservative population or government are less likely to obtain asylum or other forms of protection. Conforming to the theory of statistical discrimination, stereotyping against male or Muslim applicants' manifests most pronouncedly if decision-makers suffer under high workload or possess little information. However, high information costs do not alter stereotyping in more conservative regions. Altogether, our study reveals that extra-legal reasons in the form of prejudice and stereotypes considerably undermine what should be the key criterion in assessing an asylum claim: the credibility of an individual's need for protection.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Gundacker, Lidwina; Salikutluk, Zerrin; Trübswetter, Parvati
Arbeitsmarktintegration in Deutschland: Geflüchtete Frauen müssen viele Hindernisse überwinden. Technical Report
IAB-Kurzbericht, No. 08/2021 Nürnberg: Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), 2021.
@techreport{Kosyakova2021e,
title = {Arbeitsmarktintegration in Deutschland: Gefl\"{u}chtete Frauen m\"{u}ssen viele Hindernisse \"{u}berwinden.},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Lidwina Gundacker and Zerrin Salikutluk and Parvati Tr\"{u}bswetter},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10419/234221},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
journal = {IAB Kurzbericht},
volume = {08/2021},
issue = {IAB Kurzbericht 08/2021},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg: Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)},
institution = {IAB-Kurzbericht, No. 08/2021},
abstract = {Die j\"{a}hrlichen IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragungen von Gefl\"{u}chteten deuten darauf hin, dass es bei deren Arbeitsmarktintegration deutliche Fortschritte gibt. Dabei zeigen sich aber gro\sse Geschlechterunterschiede: Von den gefl\"{u}chteten M\"{a}nnern, die seit 2013 nach Deutschland gekommen sind und mindestens f\"{u}nf Jahre hier gelebt haben, sind 60 Prozent erwerbst\"{a}tig; bei den gefl\"{u}chteten Frauen betr\"{a}gt dieser Anteil 28 Prozent. Um die Arbeitsmarktbeteiligung der Gefl\"{u}chteten zu erh\"{o}hen, sind st\"{a}rkere Anreize und Unterst\"{u}tzungsangebote n\"{o}tig, die Investitionen in deutschlandspezifische Qualifikationen wie Sprachkenntnisse oder Aus- und Weiterbildung f\"{o}rdern. Das gilt gerade auch f\"{u}r gefl\"{u}chtete Frauen, deren Qualifikationen h\"{a}ufig nicht oder nur schwer auf den reglementierten deutschen Arbeitsmarkt \"{u}bertragbar sind. Ein zus\"{a}tzliches Hindernis f\"{u}r ihre Arbeitsmarktintegration ist, dass knapp drei Viertel der gefl\"{u}chteten Frauen (oft kleine) Kinder haben. Deshalb ist eine passgenaue Betreuungsinfrastruktur f\"{u}r ihre Bildungs- und Arbeitsmarktteilhabe besonders wichtig.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Die jährlichen IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragungen von Geflüchteten deuten darauf hin, dass es bei deren Arbeitsmarktintegration deutliche Fortschritte gibt. Dabei zeigen sich aber große Geschlechterunterschiede: Von den geflüchteten Männern, die seit 2013 nach Deutschland gekommen sind und mindestens fünf Jahre hier gelebt haben, sind 60 Prozent erwerbstätig; bei den geflüchteten Frauen beträgt dieser Anteil 28 Prozent. Um die Arbeitsmarktbeteiligung der Geflüchteten zu erhöhen, sind stärkere Anreize und Unterstützungsangebote nötig, die Investitionen in deutschlandspezifische Qualifikationen wie Sprachkenntnisse oder Aus- und Weiterbildung fördern. Das gilt gerade auch für geflüchtete Frauen, deren Qualifikationen häufig nicht oder nur schwer auf den reglementierten deutschen Arbeitsmarkt übertragbar sind. Ein zusätzliches Hindernis für ihre Arbeitsmarktintegration ist, dass knapp drei Viertel der geflüchteten Frauen (oft kleine) Kinder haben. Deshalb ist eine passgenaue Betreuungsinfrastruktur für ihre Bildungs- und Arbeitsmarktteilhabe besonders wichtig.
Kosyakova, Yuliya
Auswirkungen der Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Corona-Pandemie auf die Arbeitsmarktintegration von geflüchteten Frauen Impressum Journal Article
In: IQ Working Paper, vol. 02/2021, 2021.
@article{Kosyakova2021g,
title = {Auswirkungen der Ma\ssnahmen zur Eind\"{a}mmung der Corona-Pandemie auf die Arbeitsmarktintegration von gefl\"{u}chteten Frauen Impressum},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {https://www.netzwerk-iq.de/fileadmin/Redaktion/Downloads/Fachstelle_Einwanderung/Publikationen_2021/Minor_FE_WP-Corona-Arbeitsmarktintegration-gefl\"{u}chtete-Frauen_2021.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-02-01},
journal = {IQ Working Paper},
volume = {02/2021},
address = {Berlin: Minor \textendash Projektkontor f\"{u}r Bildung und Forschung},
institution = {IQ Working Paper 02/2021.},
abstract = {Die Corona-Pandemie und die damit einhergehenden Eind\"{a}mmungsma\ssnahmen wirken sich besonders stark auf die Arbeitsmarktchancen von Neuzugewanderten aus. Negative Auswirkungen sind hierbei sowohl auf ihre langfristigen Besch\"{a}ftigungsaussichten als auch auf den gesamten Integrationsprozess zu erwarten. Auch der positive Trend der Arbeitsmarktintegration von Gefl\"{u}chteten wurde unterbrochen: Zum einen haben deutlich mehr Menschen aus Asylherkunftsl\"{a}ndern ihre Arbeit verloren. Zum anderen wurde auch der Sprach- beziehungsweise Bildungserwerb unterbrochen oder verlangsamt. Frauen mit Fluchterfahrung scheinen besonders stark von den negativen Folgen betroffen zu sein. Gefl\"{u}chtete Frauen arbeiten st\"{a}rker als andere Zuwanderergruppen im Helferbereich, in manuellen und interaktiven Nicht-Routinet\"{a}tigkeiten, die in der aktuellen Situation besonders von Besch\"{a}ftigungsabbau betroffen sind. Gleichzeitig arbeiten sie h\"{a}ufiger in atypischen oder prek\"{a}ren Arbeitsverh\"{a}ltnissen und tragen bez\"{u}glich Hausarbeit und Kinderbetreuung die h\"{o}here Last. Gefl\"{u}chtete Frauen sind auch besonders stark von dem Abbruch oder Verlangsamung des Sprach- und Bildungserwerbs betroffen, da sie gerade in der j\"{u}ngeren Vergangenheit ihre Anstrengungen in diesem Bereich erheblich verst\"{a}rkt hatten. Eine potenzielle Herausforderung der Corona-Krise kann zudem die Aufrechterhaltung der Motivation bei gefl\"{u}chteten Frauen sein, die generell einen langen Weg durch Asylverfahren, Spracherwerb sowie Bildungsinvestitionen hin zu einer erfolgreichen Arbeitsmarktintegration durchlaufen m\"{u}ssen. Durch den ersten und nunmehr weiteren Lockdown wurde dieser Prozess de facto unterbrochen. Es ist zu beachten, dass die Schere im Hinblick auf Integrationsfortschritte zwischen den Geschlechtern zuk\"{u}nftig noch weiter auseinander gehen wird. Da gefl\"{u}chtete Frauen meist \"{u}ber schw\"{a}chere soziale Netzwerke in der Mehrheitsgesellschaft verf\"{u}gen, k\"{o}nnte es sie im Hinblick auf die Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt und die Gesellschaft zu einer der gr\"{o}\ssten Verlierergruppen der aktuellen Krise machen.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Die Corona-Pandemie und die damit einhergehenden Eindämmungsmaßnahmen wirken sich besonders stark auf die Arbeitsmarktchancen von Neuzugewanderten aus. Negative Auswirkungen sind hierbei sowohl auf ihre langfristigen Beschäftigungsaussichten als auch auf den gesamten Integrationsprozess zu erwarten. Auch der positive Trend der Arbeitsmarktintegration von Geflüchteten wurde unterbrochen: Zum einen haben deutlich mehr Menschen aus Asylherkunftsländern ihre Arbeit verloren. Zum anderen wurde auch der Sprach- beziehungsweise Bildungserwerb unterbrochen oder verlangsamt. Frauen mit Fluchterfahrung scheinen besonders stark von den negativen Folgen betroffen zu sein. Geflüchtete Frauen arbeiten stärker als andere Zuwanderergruppen im Helferbereich, in manuellen und interaktiven Nicht-Routinetätigkeiten, die in der aktuellen Situation besonders von Beschäftigungsabbau betroffen sind. Gleichzeitig arbeiten sie häufiger in atypischen oder prekären Arbeitsverhältnissen und tragen bezüglich Hausarbeit und Kinderbetreuung die höhere Last. Geflüchtete Frauen sind auch besonders stark von dem Abbruch oder Verlangsamung des Sprach- und Bildungserwerbs betroffen, da sie gerade in der jüngeren Vergangenheit ihre Anstrengungen in diesem Bereich erheblich verstärkt hatten. Eine potenzielle Herausforderung der Corona-Krise kann zudem die Aufrechterhaltung der Motivation bei geflüchteten Frauen sein, die generell einen langen Weg durch Asylverfahren, Spracherwerb sowie Bildungsinvestitionen hin zu einer erfolgreichen Arbeitsmarktintegration durchlaufen müssen. Durch den ersten und nunmehr weiteren Lockdown wurde dieser Prozess de facto unterbrochen. Es ist zu beachten, dass die Schere im Hinblick auf Integrationsfortschritte zwischen den Geschlechtern zukünftig noch weiter auseinander gehen wird. Da geflüchtete Frauen meist über schwächere soziale Netzwerke in der Mehrheitsgesellschaft verfügen, könnte es sie im Hinblick auf die Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt und die Gesellschaft zu einer der größten Verlierergruppen der aktuellen Krise machen.
Jaschke, Philipp; Kosyakova, Yuliya
Does Facilitated and Early Access to the Healthcare System Improve Refugees' Health Outcomes? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Germany Journal Article
In: International Migration Review, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 812–842, 2021, ISSN: 0197-9183.
@article{Jaschke2021,
title = {Does Facilitated and Early Access to the Healthcare System Improve Refugees' Health Outcomes? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Germany},
author = {Philipp Jaschke and Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0197918320980413},
doi = {10.1177/0197918320980413},
issn = {0197-9183},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
journal = {International Migration Review},
volume = {55},
number = {3},
pages = {812\textendash842},
abstract = {Because of their often-dramatic, life-threatening flight patterns and resulting pronounced health disparities, many refugees have a great need for medical treatment after arrival to their host countries. In Germany, refugees whose asylum application is not approved or whose duration of stay has not yet exceeded 15 months must request doctor visits, with a considerable amount of bureaucracy, from the local responsible authority. Since 2016, however, several federal states and municipalities in Germany have introduced electronic health cards ( eHCs) which give refugees immediate and unbureaucratic access to the healthcare system. We examine whether being eligible for eHCs because of this policy change had an effect on multidimensional health indicators for refugees in Germany. For empirical identification, we take advantage of variation in policy adoption across German regions and over time. Relying on the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees, we find that being eligible for eHCs because of the policy change improved the mental well-being and subjective health assessment of recently arrived refugees, while having no impact on physical health status. These results can be traced back to the moderating effect of facilitated healthcare access on post-migration stress, which is known to affect primarily psychological well-being. Moreover, facilitated healthcare access appears to alleviate potential language and cultural barriers faced by refugees with low health literacy (measured by the ability to read or write in the origin-country language). Altogether, the article illustrates how structural and institutional constraints may shape individual health outcomes of adult refugees.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Because of their often-dramatic, life-threatening flight patterns and resulting pronounced health disparities, many refugees have a great need for medical treatment after arrival to their host countries. In Germany, refugees whose asylum application is not approved or whose duration of stay has not yet exceeded 15 months must request doctor visits, with a considerable amount of bureaucracy, from the local responsible authority. Since 2016, however, several federal states and municipalities in Germany have introduced electronic health cards ( eHCs) which give refugees immediate and unbureaucratic access to the healthcare system. We examine whether being eligible for eHCs because of this policy change had an effect on multidimensional health indicators for refugees in Germany. For empirical identification, we take advantage of variation in policy adoption across German regions and over time. Relying on the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees, we find that being eligible for eHCs because of the policy change improved the mental well-being and subjective health assessment of recently arrived refugees, while having no impact on physical health status. These results can be traced back to the moderating effect of facilitated healthcare access on post-migration stress, which is known to affect primarily psychological well-being. Moreover, facilitated healthcare access appears to alleviate potential language and cultural barriers faced by refugees with low health literacy (measured by the ability to read or write in the origin-country language). Altogether, the article illustrates how structural and institutional constraints may shape individual health outcomes of adult refugees.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Laible, Marie-Christine
Socioemotional Skills and Refugees' Language Acquisition Working paper
IAB-Discussion Paper, No. 19/2021, Nürnberg: Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), 2021.
@workingpaper{Kosyakova2021h,
title = {Socioemotional Skills and Refugees' Language Acquisition},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Marie-Christine Laible},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10419/249705},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
journal = {IAB Discussion Paper},
volume = {19},
abstract = {We analyze socioemotional skills' role for destination-language proficiency among recent refugees in Germany. While socioemotional skills have been shown to predict educational outcomes, they have been overlooked for immigrants' language acquisition. We extend a well-established model of destination-language proficiency and assume that socioemotional skills' effects manifest through the channels of exposure, efficiency, and incentives. Using longitudinal data and growth curve models, we find that socioemotional skills significantly shape destinationlanguage learning. Openness to new experiences, conscientiousness, risk appetite and locus of control positively relate to language proficiency, while extroversion, agreeableness and neuroticism are insignificant. We observe mediating effects, suggesting that socioemotional skills shape the channels of efficiency or exposure. Moreover, we observe multiplication effects reinforcing other advanta-geous characteristics' effects on language proficiency. In sum, socioemotional skills affect refugees' destination-language proficiency and thereby contribute to sustainable economic and societal integration processes. We conclude by discussing policy implications.
},
howpublished = {IAB-Discussion Paper, No. 19/2021, N\"{u}rnberg: Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}
We analyze socioemotional skills' role for destination-language proficiency among recent refugees in Germany. While socioemotional skills have been shown to predict educational outcomes, they have been overlooked for immigrants' language acquisition. We extend a well-established model of destination-language proficiency and assume that socioemotional skills' effects manifest through the channels of exposure, efficiency, and incentives. Using longitudinal data and growth curve models, we find that socioemotional skills significantly shape destinationlanguage learning. Openness to new experiences, conscientiousness, risk appetite and locus of control positively relate to language proficiency, while extroversion, agreeableness and neuroticism are insignificant. We observe mediating effects, suggesting that socioemotional skills shape the channels of efficiency or exposure. Moreover, we observe multiplication effects reinforcing other advanta-geous characteristics' effects on language proficiency. In sum, socioemotional skills affect refugees' destination-language proficiency and thereby contribute to sustainable economic and societal integration processes. We conclude by discussing policy implications.
2020
Olbrich, Lukas; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Sakshaug, Joseph W.; Schwanhäuser, Silvia
Interviewerkontrolle in der 4. Welle der IAB-BAMF- SOEP-Befragung von Geflüchteten, Stichproben M3- M5 Technical Report
SOEP Survey Papers No. 901. Berlin: Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW), 2020.
@techreport{nokey,
title = {Interviewerkontrolle in der 4. Welle der IAB-BAMF- SOEP-Befragung von Gefl\"{u}chteten, Stichproben M3- M5},
author = {Lukas Olbrich and Yuliya Kosyakova and Joseph W. Sakshaug and Silvia Schwanh\"{a}user},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10419/226800},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-17},
address = {Berlin: Deutsches Institut f\"{u}r Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW)},
institution = {SOEP Survey Papers No. 901.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Schwanhäuser, Silvia; Sakshaug, Joseph W.; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kreuter, Frauke
Statistical Identification of Fraudulent Interviews in Surveys: Improving Interviewer Controls Book Section
In: Olson, Kristen; Smyth, Jolene D.; Dykema, Jennifer; Holbrook, Allyson L.; Kreuter, Frauke; West, Brady T. (Ed.): Interviewer Effects from a Total Survey Error Perspective, Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2020, ISBN: 9781003020219.
@incollection{Schwanhauser2020,
title = {Statistical Identification of Fraudulent Interviews in Surveys: Improving Interviewer Controls},
author = {Silvia Schwanh\"{a}user and Joseph W. Sakshaug and Yuliya Kosyakova and Frauke Kreuter},
editor = {Kristen Olson and Jolene D. Smyth and Jennifer Dykema and Allyson L. Holbrook and Frauke Kreuter and Brady T. West},
url = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781000064452},
doi = {10.1201/9781003020219},
isbn = {9781003020219},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-05-01},
urldate = {2020-05-01},
booktitle = {Interviewer Effects from a Total Survey Error Perspective},
publisher = {Chapman and Hall/CRC},
chapter = {17},
abstract = {Survey data are important for establishing new insights in many disciplines such as sociology, economics, and others. However, various sources of error, summarized in the Total Survey Error (TSE) framework, can undermine survey data, with interviewers being one important source (Groves 2005). Interviewers can deviate from their instructions and, in the most blatant case, falsify or manipulate the data. Although empirical 92evidence suggests that interviewer falsification is a rare event (Blasius and Friedrichs 2012), even small amounts of undetected falsification can lead to substantial bias in multivariate analyses (Schr\"{a}pler and Wagner 2005). Therefore, falsification detection strategies such as random re-contacting procedures are crucially important for optimizing data quality. Statistical identification methods, which identify suspicious patterns in the data to reveal potential falsifiers, are used less often. Yet a number of such methods have been developed for detecting a wide variety of falsification types, such as duplicates and complete or partial falsification, in a cost-effective way. This chapter contributes to the literature by providing a broad overview of statistical methods for identifying interviewer falsification and demonstrating promising statistical identification strategies using data from a large-scale refugee survey in Germany that includes confirmed falsifications. GET ACCESS},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {incollection}
}
Survey data are important for establishing new insights in many disciplines such as sociology, economics, and others. However, various sources of error, summarized in the Total Survey Error (TSE) framework, can undermine survey data, with interviewers being one important source (Groves 2005). Interviewers can deviate from their instructions and, in the most blatant case, falsify or manipulate the data. Although empirical 92evidence suggests that interviewer falsification is a rare event (Blasius and Friedrichs 2012), even small amounts of undetected falsification can lead to substantial bias in multivariate analyses (Schräpler and Wagner 2005). Therefore, falsification detection strategies such as random re-contacting procedures are crucially important for optimizing data quality. Statistical identification methods, which identify suspicious patterns in the data to reveal potential falsifiers, are used less often. Yet a number of such methods have been developed for detecting a wide variety of falsification types, such as duplicates and complete or partial falsification, in a cost-effective way. This chapter contributes to the literature by providing a broad overview of statistical methods for identifying interviewer falsification and demonstrating promising statistical identification strategies using data from a large-scale refugee survey in Germany that includes confirmed falsifications. GET ACCESS
Brücker, Herbert; Kosyakova, Yuliya
Was wissen wir über die Erwerbstätigkeit von Geflüchteten in Deutschland ? Einige Antworten auf häufig gestellte Fragen Miscellaneous
2020.
@misc{Brucker2020,
title = {Was wissen wir \"{u}ber die Erwerbst\"{a}tigkeit von Gefl\"{u}chteten in Deutschland ? Einige Antworten auf h\"{a}ufig gestellte Fragen},
author = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {https://www.iab-forum.de/was-wissen-wir-ueber-die-erwerbstaetigkeit-von-gefluechteten-in-deutschland-einige-antworten-auf-haeufig-gestellte-fragen/},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-03-02},
booktitle = {IAB Forum},
pages = {1\textendash7},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg},
institution = {IAB Forum, 2. M\"{a}rz.},
abstract = {Menschen, die zwischen 2013 und 2016 nach Deutschland gefl\"{u}chtet sind, ist die Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt schneller gelungen, als dies bei fr\"{u}her Gefl\"{u}chteten der Fall war. Das zeigen im IAB-Kurzbericht 4/2020 ver\"{o}ffentlichte aktuelle Analysen. Herbert Br\"{u}cker und Yuliya Kosyakova haben wichtige Fragen und Antworten rund um die zusammen mit Eric Schu\ss verfasste Studie zusammengestellt.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}
Menschen, die zwischen 2013 und 2016 nach Deutschland geflüchtet sind, ist die Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt schneller gelungen, als dies bei früher Geflüchteten der Fall war. Das zeigen im IAB-Kurzbericht 4/2020 veröffentlichte aktuelle Analysen. Herbert Brücker und Yuliya Kosyakova haben wichtige Fragen und Antworten rund um die zusammen mit Eric Schuß verfasste Studie zusammengestellt.
Gundert, Stefanie; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Fendel, Tanja
Migrantinnen und Migranten am deutschen Arbeitsmarkt: Qualität der Arbeitsplätze als wichtiger Gradmesser einer gelungenen Integration Technical Report
IAB-Kurzbericht 25/2020. Nürnberg: Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), 2020.
@techreport{Gundert2020,
title = {Migrantinnen und Migranten am deutschen Arbeitsmarkt: Qualit\"{a}t der Arbeitspl\"{a}tze als wichtiger Gradmesser einer gelungenen Integration},
author = {Stefanie Gundert and Yuliya Kosyakova and Tanja Fendel},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10419/234213},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
journal = {IAB Kurzbericht},
volume = {25/2020},
issue = {IAB Kurzbericht 25/20},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg: Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)},
institution = {IAB-Kurzbericht 25/2020.},
abstract = {Die Arbeitsmarktintegration von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund ist ein wichtiges Thema im \"{o}ffentlichen Diskurs in Deutschland. Ob und wie schnell Zugewanderte und deren Nachkommen am Arbeitsmarkt Fu\ss fassen, ist ma\ssgeblich f\"{u}r ihre gesellschaftliche Integration und ihre Chancen auf soziale und wirtschaftliche Teilhabe. Eine besonders wichtige Rolle spielt dabei die Qualit\"{a}t der Arbeitspl\"{a}tze, die hier f\"{u}r abh\"{a}ngig Besch\"{a}ftigte mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund vergleichend untersucht wird. Die Studie zeigt, dass sich Zugewanderte bez\"{u}glich der Arbeitsplatzqualit\"{a}t deutlich unterscheiden von Besch\"{a}ftigten ohne Migrationshintergrund, insbesondere in den ersten Jahren nach dem Zuzug. Untersucht werden objektive und subjektive Faktoren wie Einkommen, berufliche Stellung, intrinsische Arbeitsqualit\"{a}t, psychosoziale und physische Belastungen oder Arbeitsplatzsicherheit. Die Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass die Arbeitsqualit\"{a}t mit der Aufenthaltsdauer und \"{u}ber Generationen hinweg steigt.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Die Arbeitsmarktintegration von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund ist ein wichtiges Thema im öffentlichen Diskurs in Deutschland. Ob und wie schnell Zugewanderte und deren Nachkommen am Arbeitsmarkt Fuß fassen, ist maßgeblich für ihre gesellschaftliche Integration und ihre Chancen auf soziale und wirtschaftliche Teilhabe. Eine besonders wichtige Rolle spielt dabei die Qualität der Arbeitsplätze, die hier für abhängig Beschäftigte mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund vergleichend untersucht wird. Die Studie zeigt, dass sich Zugewanderte bezüglich der Arbeitsplatzqualität deutlich unterscheiden von Beschäftigten ohne Migrationshintergrund, insbesondere in den ersten Jahren nach dem Zuzug. Untersucht werden objektive und subjektive Faktoren wie Einkommen, berufliche Stellung, intrinsische Arbeitsqualität, psychosoziale und physische Belastungen oder Arbeitsplatzsicherheit. Die Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass die Arbeitsqualität mit der Aufenthaltsdauer und über Generationen hinweg steigt.
Damelang, Andreas; Kosyakova, Yuliya
To work or to study? Postmigration educational investments of adult refugees in Germany – evidence from a choice experiment Working paper
IAB Discussion Paper 31. Nürnberg: Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), 2020.
@workingpaper{Damelang2020,
title = {To work or to study? Postmigration educational investments of adult refugees in Germany \textendash evidence from a choice experiment},
author = {Andreas Damelang and Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {https://doku.iab.de/discussionpapers/2020/dp3120.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
journal = {IAB Discussion Paper},
volume = {31},
abstract = {In this article, we analyze individual factors and situational conditions under which immigrants are more or less likely to invest in host country-specific human capital. Theoretically, we root our expectations in a strand of the immigrant human capital investment model combined with a basic model of educational decisions. Using a choice experiment, we simulate a decision process among refugees in Germany and examine the determinants of investment decisions into host country-specific credentials such as vocational education. The choice experiment was introduced in the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees (2020), a representative longitudinal survey of recently arrived refugees in Germany. We find that refugees’ probability of investing in vocational education is guided by the transferability of foreign human capital, the time horizon to reap investments, and rational cost-benefit considerations. The probability of success is influential on its own but also bolsters the relevance of costs and benefits in educational choices},
howpublished = {IAB Discussion Paper 31. N\"{u}rnberg: Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
In this article, we analyze individual factors and situational conditions under which immigrants are more or less likely to invest in host country-specific human capital. Theoretically, we root our expectations in a strand of the immigrant human capital investment model combined with a basic model of educational decisions. Using a choice experiment, we simulate a decision process among refugees in Germany and examine the determinants of investment decisions into host country-specific credentials such as vocational education. The choice experiment was introduced in the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees (2020), a representative longitudinal survey of recently arrived refugees in Germany. We find that refugees’ probability of investing in vocational education is guided by the transferability of foreign human capital, the time horizon to reap investments, and rational cost-benefit considerations. The probability of success is influential on its own but also bolsters the relevance of costs and benefits in educational choices
Brücker, Herbert; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Vallizadeh, Ehsan
Has there been a “refugee crisis”? New insights on the recent refugee arrivals in Germany and their integration prospects Journal Article
In: Soziale Welt, vol. 71, no. 1-2, pp. 24–53, 2020, ISSN: 0038-6073.
@article{Brucker2020a,
title = {Has there been a “refugee crisis”? New insights on the recent refugee arrivals in Germany and their integration prospects},
author = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Yuliya Kosyakova and Ehsan Vallizadeh},
url = {https://www.nomos-elibrary.de/index.php?doi=10.5771/0038-6073-2020-1-2-24},
doi = {10.5771/0038-6073-2020-1-2-24},
issn = {0038-6073},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Soziale Welt},
volume = {71},
number = {1-2},
pages = {24\textendash53},
abstract = {Approximately 1.2 million refugees arrived in Germany between 2015 and 2016. The national and international public discourse surrounding the arrival of these refugees covers the full spectrum of opinions. These opinions range from sceptical assessments regarding the 2015 influx as a “refugee crisis” to optimistic appraisals considering the immigration of refugees to be a solution to demographic change and labour shortages. These views are often driven by ideology and emotions rather than grounded in evidence. In this paper, we use data from a unique, nationally representative household survey of refugees who came to Germany between 2013 and 2016 to describe who these refugees are, focusing particularly on demographic and skill characteristics relevant for their successful and sustainable economic integration. We also discuss German public policies and institutional environments to promote refugees' integration. Our descriptive analysis shows that the processing of asylum applications and the overall provision of accommodations, safety-nets, and integration programs by German authorities have advanced the refugees' integration process, although the initial shortcomings have been widespread. Over the years, German institutions have generally been open to helping refugees and other immigrants gain ground in Germany. However, there are still challenges for policymakers. One such issue is the gender gap that is reflected in the support for female refugees with childcare obligations, which delays their language acquisition and slows their integration. Nevertheless, the empirical evidence has - contrary to the expectations - given no indications that the influx of refugees in 2015 led to a “refugee crisis” in Germany.},
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}
Approximately 1.2 million refugees arrived in Germany between 2015 and 2016. The national and international public discourse surrounding the arrival of these refugees covers the full spectrum of opinions. These opinions range from sceptical assessments regarding the 2015 influx as a “refugee crisis” to optimistic appraisals considering the immigration of refugees to be a solution to demographic change and labour shortages. These views are often driven by ideology and emotions rather than grounded in evidence. In this paper, we use data from a unique, nationally representative household survey of refugees who came to Germany between 2013 and 2016 to describe who these refugees are, focusing particularly on demographic and skill characteristics relevant for their successful and sustainable economic integration. We also discuss German public policies and institutional environments to promote refugees' integration. Our descriptive analysis shows that the processing of asylum applications and the overall provision of accommodations, safety-nets, and integration programs by German authorities have advanced the refugees' integration process, although the initial shortcomings have been widespread. Over the years, German institutions have generally been open to helping refugees and other immigrants gain ground in Germany. However, there are still challenges for policymakers. One such issue is the gender gap that is reflected in the support for female refugees with childcare obligations, which delays their language acquisition and slows their integration. Nevertheless, the empirical evidence has - contrary to the expectations - given no indications that the influx of refugees in 2015 led to a “refugee crisis” in Germany.
Brücker, Herbert; Fendel, Tanja; Guichard, Lucas; Gundacker, Lidwina; Jaschke, Philipp; Keita, Sekou; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Vallizadeh, Ehsan
Fünf Jahre „Wir schaffen das“ – Eine Bilanz aus der Perspektive des Arbeitsmarktes Technical Report
Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung Nürnberg, 2020.
@techreport{Brucker2020b,
title = {F\"{u}nf Jahre „Wir schaffen das“ \textendash Eine Bilanz aus der Perspektive des Arbeitsmarktes},
author = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Tanja Fendel and Lucas Guichard and Lidwina Gundacker and Philipp Jaschke and Sekou Keita and Yuliya Kosyakova and Ehsan Vallizadeh},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10419/234267},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
booktitle = {IAB Forschungsbericht},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg},
institution = {Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung},
abstract = {Dieser Bericht untersucht die Arbeitsmarktintegration der 2013 bis einschlie\sslich 2016 zugezogenen Schutzsuchenden auf Grundlage der dritten Welle der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Gefl\"{u}chteten, die mit Daten aus den Integrierten Erwerbsbiografien (IEB) verkn\"{u}pft wurden sowie aktuellen Daten der Besch\"{a}ftigungsstatistik der Bundesagentur f\"{u}r Arbeit. Unter den Gefl\"{u}chteten, die sich bis zum Jahresende 2019 f\"{u}nf Jahre in Deutschland aufgehalten haben, waren 55 Prozent besch\"{a}ftigt, unter denjenigen, die sich wie die 2015 zugezogenen Gefl\"{u}chteten, vier bis f\"{u}nf Jahre in Deutschland aufgehalten haben, waren es 46 Prozent. Im zweiten Halbjahr 2018 waren unter den erwerbst\"{a}tigen Gefl\"{u}chteten 57 Prozent als Fachkr\"{a}fte, Spezialisten und Experten t\"{a}tig. Die Gefl\"{u}chteten sind sehr viel st\"{a}rker als andere Besch\"{a}ftigtengruppen von den wirtschaftlichen Folgen der COVID-19-Pandemie betroffen: W\"{a}hrend die Besch\"{a}ftigung vom Jahresende 2019 bis Juni 2020 insgesamt um ein Prozent gesunken ist, belief sich der Besch\"{a}ftigungsr\"{u}ckgang bei den Staatsangeh\"{o}rigen aus den Asylherkunftsl\"{a}ndern auf drei Prozent und war damit rund drei Mal so hoch wie im Durchschnitt. Im gleichen Zeitraum des Vorjahres war die Besch\"{a}ftigung von Staatsangeh\"{o}rigen aus den Asylherkunftsl\"{a}ndern noch um sieben Prozent gewachsen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden die 2015 zugezogenen Gefl\"{u}chteten im Jahr 2020 voraussichtlich deutlich unter einer Besch\"{a}ftigungsquote von 50 Prozent bleiben. Die Besch\"{a}ftigungsquoten gefl\"{u}chteter Frauen liegen erheblich unter denjenigen gefl\"{u}chteter M\"{a}nner. Dies steht in einem engen Zusammenhang mit der Familienkonstellation gefl\"{u}chteter Frauen, vor allem mit den hohen Anteilen von Frauen mit Kindern im betreuungsbed\"{u}rftigen Alter.},
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Dieser Bericht untersucht die Arbeitsmarktintegration der 2013 bis einschließlich 2016 zugezogenen Schutzsuchenden auf Grundlage der dritten Welle der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Geflüchteten, die mit Daten aus den Integrierten Erwerbsbiografien (IEB) verknüpft wurden sowie aktuellen Daten der Beschäftigungsstatistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit. Unter den Geflüchteten, die sich bis zum Jahresende 2019 fünf Jahre in Deutschland aufgehalten haben, waren 55 Prozent beschäftigt, unter denjenigen, die sich wie die 2015 zugezogenen Geflüchteten, vier bis fünf Jahre in Deutschland aufgehalten haben, waren es 46 Prozent. Im zweiten Halbjahr 2018 waren unter den erwerbstätigen Geflüchteten 57 Prozent als Fachkräfte, Spezialisten und Experten tätig. Die Geflüchteten sind sehr viel stärker als andere Beschäftigtengruppen von den wirtschaftlichen Folgen der COVID-19-Pandemie betroffen: Während die Beschäftigung vom Jahresende 2019 bis Juni 2020 insgesamt um ein Prozent gesunken ist, belief sich der Beschäftigungsrückgang bei den Staatsangehörigen aus den Asylherkunftsländern auf drei Prozent und war damit rund drei Mal so hoch wie im Durchschnitt. Im gleichen Zeitraum des Vorjahres war die Beschäftigung von Staatsangehörigen aus den Asylherkunftsländern noch um sieben Prozent gewachsen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden die 2015 zugezogenen Geflüchteten im Jahr 2020 voraussichtlich deutlich unter einer Beschäftigungsquote von 50 Prozent bleiben. Die Beschäftigungsquoten geflüchteter Frauen liegen erheblich unter denjenigen geflüchteter Männer. Dies steht in einem engen Zusammenhang mit der Familienkonstellation geflüchteter Frauen, vor allem mit den hohen Anteilen von Frauen mit Kindern im betreuungsbedürftigen Alter.
Kosyakova, Yuliya
Mehr als nur ein Job: Die qualitative Dimension der Integration in Arbeit von Geflüchteten in Deutschland Journal Article
In: Wiso-Diskurs, vol. 09/2020, 2020.
@article{Kosyakova2020b,
title = {Mehr als nur ein Job: Die qualitative Dimension der Integration in Arbeit von Gefl\"{u}chteten in Deutschland},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/wiso/16333.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Wiso-Diskurs},
volume = {09/2020},
address = {Bonn},
institution = {Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung},
abstract = {Dieser Forschungsbeitrag befasst sich mit der Qualit\"{a}t von Arbeit neu zugewanderter Gefl\"{u}chteter. Die Studie erweitert den Forschungsstand zur Erwerbsintegration von Gefl\"{u}chte- ten, indem neben formalen Besch\"{a}ftigungsmerkmalen auch subjektive Bewertungen der Arbeitsqualit\"{a}t ber\"{u}cksichtigt werden. Basierend auf den Daten der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befra- gung von Gefl\"{u}chteten wird zum einen untersucht, wie sich die Arbeitsqualit\"{a}t der erwerbst\"{a}tigen Gefl\"{u}chteten anhand verschiedener Dimensionen beschreiben l\"{a}sst und wie sich diese im Zeitverlauf \"{a}ndert. Die Befunde dieser Studie zeigen, dass die Arbeitsmarkt- integration der Gefl\"{u}chteten vornehmlich in drei Berufsbereiche erfolgte: (1) in die Rohstoffgewinnung, Produktion und Ferti- gung, (2) den Verkehrs- und Logistik-, Schutz- und Sicherheits- sektor sowie (3) in kaufm\"{a}nnische Dienstleistungen und die Unternehmensorganisation. Mehr als die H\"{a}lfte der Gefl\"{u}ch- teten arbeitet in Berufsgruppen, die h\"{a}ufig durch geringere Ressourcen f\"{u}r Handlungs- und Gestaltungsm\"{o}glichkeiten, h\"{o}here k\"{o}rperliche Belastung, geringeres Einkommen, schlech- tere Arbeitsbedingungen sowie schwache Aufstiegschancen gekennzeichnet sind. Ferner sind Gefl\"{u}chtete in einer ersten Phase der Erwerbsintegration h\"{a}ufig in Helfer- oder Anlern- t\"{a}tigkeiten und atypischen Besch\"{a}ftigungsverh\"{a}ltnissen zu finden. Allerdings verrichtet knapp die H\"{a}lfte der erwerbst\"{a}- tigen Gefl\"{u}chteten bereits fachliche T\"{a}tigkeiten und hoch- komplexe Expertent\"{a}tigkeiten. Dies weist auf eine Anerken- nung von arbeitsmarktrelevanten F\"{a}higkeiten und Fertigkeiten durch Arbeitgeber_innen hin, die durch langj\"{a}hrige Berufs- erfahrung im Herkunftsland oder in Transitl\"{a}ndern erworben wurden. In der Gesamtschau liegt die Arbeitsqualit\"{a}t von Gefl\"{u}chteten zwar im unteren Mittelfeld, erreicht aber das durchschnittliche Arbeitsqualit\"{a}tsniveau aller Besch\"{a}ftigten in Deutschland. Die subjektive Bewertung der Arbeitsqualit\"{a}t und die wahrgenommene Arbeitsplatzgef\"{a}hrdung spiegeln sich in den objektiven Merkmalen der Arbeitsqualit\"{a}t wider. Mit zunehmender Aufenthaltsdauer gehen die Anteile in atypischen Besch\"{a}ftigungsverh\"{a}ltnissen zur\"{u}ck, mehr Ge- fl\"{u}chtete wechseln in ein unbefristetes Arbeitsverh\"{a}ltnis und Vollzeitbesch\"{a}ftigung. Zugleich bleiben zwar Indizes, die die verschiedenen Dimensionen der Arbeitsqualit\"{a}t ber\"{u}cksich- tigen, wie der Index des beruflichen Status (ISEI) oder der Gute-Arbeit-Index (DGB) im unteren Mittelstand relativ stabil und zeigen nur eine graduelle Aufw\"{a}rtsentwicklung. Im Hin- blick auf die Verdienste ist im Zeitverlauf aber ein deutlicher Anstieg zu beobachten. Der Ausblick auf die Besch\"{a}ftigungs- qualit\"{a}t von Gefl\"{u}chteten verspricht somit einen positiven Trend. Nichtsdestotrotz wird die eigenst\"{a}ndige Alterssicherung oberhalb des Grundsicherungsniveaus mit den derzeitigen durchschnittlichen Bruttostundenl\"{o}hnen f\"{u}r die meisten Ge- fl\"{u}chteten \textendash analog zu anderen Erwerbst\"{a}tigen im Niedrig- lohnbereich \textendash nicht m\"{o}glich sein. Im Einklang mit vielen empirischen Studien legen die Er- gebnisse der vorliegenden Studie nahe, dass die Arbeitsmarkt- integration von Gefl\"{u}chteten Zeit braucht. Jedoch sind bereits erste positive Entwicklungen nicht nur in Bezug auf den Um- fang, sondern auch die Qualit\"{a}t der Besch\"{a}ftigung erkennbar. Der Prozess der kontinuierlich besseren Arbeitsmarktinte- gration von Gefl\"{u}chteten k\"{o}nnte sich allerdings durch die der- zeitige Covid-19-Krise nicht nur verlangsamen, sondern sogar umkehren.},
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}
Dieser Forschungsbeitrag befasst sich mit der Qualität von Arbeit neu zugewanderter Geflüchteter. Die Studie erweitert den Forschungsstand zur Erwerbsintegration von Geflüchte- ten, indem neben formalen Beschäftigungsmerkmalen auch subjektive Bewertungen der Arbeitsqualität berücksichtigt werden. Basierend auf den Daten der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befra- gung von Geflüchteten wird zum einen untersucht, wie sich die Arbeitsqualität der erwerbstätigen Geflüchteten anhand verschiedener Dimensionen beschreiben lässt und wie sich diese im Zeitverlauf ändert. Die Befunde dieser Studie zeigen, dass die Arbeitsmarkt- integration der Geflüchteten vornehmlich in drei Berufsbereiche erfolgte: (1) in die Rohstoffgewinnung, Produktion und Ferti- gung, (2) den Verkehrs- und Logistik-, Schutz- und Sicherheits- sektor sowie (3) in kaufmännische Dienstleistungen und die Unternehmensorganisation. Mehr als die Hälfte der Geflüch- teten arbeitet in Berufsgruppen, die häufig durch geringere Ressourcen für Handlungs- und Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten, höhere körperliche Belastung, geringeres Einkommen, schlech- tere Arbeitsbedingungen sowie schwache Aufstiegschancen gekennzeichnet sind. Ferner sind Geflüchtete in einer ersten Phase der Erwerbsintegration häufig in Helfer- oder Anlern- tätigkeiten und atypischen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen zu finden. Allerdings verrichtet knapp die Hälfte der erwerbstä- tigen Geflüchteten bereits fachliche Tätigkeiten und hoch- komplexe Expertentätigkeiten. Dies weist auf eine Anerken- nung von arbeitsmarktrelevanten Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten durch Arbeitgeber_innen hin, die durch langjährige Berufs- erfahrung im Herkunftsland oder in Transitländern erworben wurden. In der Gesamtschau liegt die Arbeitsqualität von Geflüchteten zwar im unteren Mittelfeld, erreicht aber das durchschnittliche Arbeitsqualitätsniveau aller Beschäftigten in Deutschland. Die subjektive Bewertung der Arbeitsqualität und die wahrgenommene Arbeitsplatzgefährdung spiegeln sich in den objektiven Merkmalen der Arbeitsqualität wider. Mit zunehmender Aufenthaltsdauer gehen die Anteile in atypischen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen zurück, mehr Ge- flüchtete wechseln in ein unbefristetes Arbeitsverhältnis und Vollzeitbeschäftigung. Zugleich bleiben zwar Indizes, die die verschiedenen Dimensionen der Arbeitsqualität berücksich- tigen, wie der Index des beruflichen Status (ISEI) oder der Gute-Arbeit-Index (DGB) im unteren Mittelstand relativ stabil und zeigen nur eine graduelle Aufwärtsentwicklung. Im Hin- blick auf die Verdienste ist im Zeitverlauf aber ein deutlicher Anstieg zu beobachten. Der Ausblick auf die Beschäftigungs- qualität von Geflüchteten verspricht somit einen positiven Trend. Nichtsdestotrotz wird die eigenständige Alterssicherung oberhalb des Grundsicherungsniveaus mit den derzeitigen durchschnittlichen Bruttostundenlöhnen für die meisten Ge- flüchteten – analog zu anderen Erwerbstätigen im Niedrig- lohnbereich – nicht möglich sein. Im Einklang mit vielen empirischen Studien legen die Er- gebnisse der vorliegenden Studie nahe, dass die Arbeitsmarkt- integration von Geflüchteten Zeit braucht. Jedoch sind bereits erste positive Entwicklungen nicht nur in Bezug auf den Um- fang, sondern auch die Qualität der Beschäftigung erkennbar. Der Prozess der kontinuierlich besseren Arbeitsmarktinte- gration von Geflüchteten könnte sich allerdings durch die der- zeitige Covid-19-Krise nicht nur verlangsamen, sondern sogar umkehren.
Sakshaug, Joseph W.; Beste, Jonas; Coban, Mustafa; Fendel, Tanja; Haas, Georg-Christoph; Hülle, Sebastian; Kosyakova, Yuliya; König, Corinna; Kreuter, Frauke; Küfner, Benjamin; Müller, Bettina; Osiander, Christopher; Schwanhäuser, Silvia; Stephan, Gesine; Vallizadeh, Ehsan; Volkert, Marieke; Wenzig, Claudia; Westermeier, Christian; Zabel, Cordula; Zins, Stefan
Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Labor Market Surveys at the German Institute for Employment Research Journal Article
In: Survey Research Methods, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 229–233, 2020.
@article{Sakshaug2020,
title = {Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Labor Market Surveys at the German Institute for Employment Research},
author = {Joseph W. Sakshaug and Jonas Beste and Mustafa Coban and Tanja Fendel and Georg-Christoph Haas and Sebastian H\"{u}lle and Yuliya Kosyakova and Corinna K\"{o}nig and Frauke Kreuter and Benjamin K\"{u}fner and Bettina M\"{u}ller and Christopher Osiander and Silvia Schwanh\"{a}user and Gesine Stephan and Ehsan Vallizadeh and Marieke Volkert and Claudia Wenzig and Christian Westermeier and Cordula Zabel and Stefan Zins},
doi = {10.18148/srm/2020.v14i2.7743},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Survey Research Methods},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {229\textendash233},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic and associated government lockdown restrictions have fueled a high demand for survey data on how individuals and establishments are coping with the restrictions. However, the pandemic has also dramatically affected surveys themselves, forcing research institutes to adapt their fieldwork operations to the uncertain and evolving conditions. This paper documents the specific impacts of the pandemic on several ongoing surveys at the Institute for Employment Research in Germany, and describes how these impacts have been addressed. In addition, this paper summarizes efforts to rapidly develop new Covid-19 surveys to help meet the increasing demand for timely data about the effects of the Corona-Crisis on the labor market.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated government lockdown restrictions have fueled a high demand for survey data on how individuals and establishments are coping with the restrictions. However, the pandemic has also dramatically affected surveys themselves, forcing research institutes to adapt their fieldwork operations to the uncertain and evolving conditions. This paper documents the specific impacts of the pandemic on several ongoing surveys at the Institute for Employment Research in Germany, and describes how these impacts have been addressed. In addition, this paper summarizes efforts to rapidly develop new Covid-19 surveys to help meet the increasing demand for timely data about the effects of the Corona-Crisis on the labor market.
Brücker, Herbert; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Schuss, Eric
Fünf Jahre seit der Fluchtmigration 2015: Integration in Arbeitsmarkt und Bildungssystem macht weitere Fortschritte Technical Report
IAB Kurzbericht 4/2020. Nürnberg: Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), 2020.
@techreport{Brucker2020c,
title = {F\"{u}nf Jahre seit der Fluchtmigration 2015: Integration in Arbeitsmarkt und Bildungssystem macht weitere Fortschritte},
author = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Yuliya Kosyakova and Eric Schuss},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10419/216720},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
journal = {IAB Kurzbericht},
volume = {4/2020},
issue = {IAB Kurzbericht 4/2020},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg: Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)},
institution = {IAB Kurzbericht 4/2020.},
abstract = {Im Jahr 2015 wurden in Deutschland die h\"{o}chsten Zuz\"{u}ge von Gefl\"{u}chteten seit den Flucht- und Vertreibungsbewe- gungen am Ende des zweiten Weltkriegs erreicht. Insgesamt ist die Zahl der Ge- fl\"{u}chteten von Jahresanfang 2013 bis Jahresende 2018 um 1,2 Millionen Per- sonen gestiegen. Die gro\sse Mehrheit dieser Menschen hat einen anerkannten Schutzstatus. Aktuelle Ergebnisse der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Ge- fl\"{u}chteten zeigen, dass ihre Arbeits- marktintegration schneller erfolgt als bei fr\"{u}heren Gefl\"{u}chteten und dass die Teilnahme an Sprach- und anderen Inte- grationsprogrammen sowie der Besuch von Bildungseinrichtungen deutlich zu- genommen hat. Vom},
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tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Im Jahr 2015 wurden in Deutschland die höchsten Zuzüge von Geflüchteten seit den Flucht- und Vertreibungsbewe- gungen am Ende des zweiten Weltkriegs erreicht. Insgesamt ist die Zahl der Ge- flüchteten von Jahresanfang 2013 bis Jahresende 2018 um 1,2 Millionen Per- sonen gestiegen. Die große Mehrheit dieser Menschen hat einen anerkannten Schutzstatus. Aktuelle Ergebnisse der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Ge- flüchteten zeigen, dass ihre Arbeits- marktintegration schneller erfolgt als bei früheren Geflüchteten und dass die Teilnahme an Sprach- und anderen Inte- grationsprogrammen sowie der Besuch von Bildungseinrichtungen deutlich zu- genommen hat. Vom
Gërxhani, Klarita; Kosyakova, Yuliya
The Effect of Social Networks on Migrants' Labor Market Integration: A Natural Experiment Working paper
IAB Discussion Paper 3. Nürnberg: Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), 2020.
@workingpaper{Gerxhani2020,
title = {The Effect of Social Networks on Migrants' Labor Market Integration: A Natural Experiment},
author = {Klarita G\"{e}rxhani and Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {https://doku.iab.de/discussionpapers/2020/dp0320.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
journal = {IAB Discussion Paper},
volume = {3},
abstract = {Empirically identifying the causal effect of social networks on migrants' economic prospects is a challenging task due to the non-random residential sorting of migrants into locations with greater opportunities for (previous) connections. Our study addresses this selection-bias issue by using a unique natural-experimental dataset of refugees and other migrants that were exogenously allocated to their first place of residence by German authorities. The empirical results reveal a positive causal effect of social networks on migrants' transition rate to the first job, but only if the networks are mobilized for the job search.},
howpublished = {IAB Discussion Paper 3. N\"{u}rnberg: Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}
Empirically identifying the causal effect of social networks on migrants' economic prospects is a challenging task due to the non-random residential sorting of migrants into locations with greater opportunities for (previous) connections. Our study addresses this selection-bias issue by using a unique natural-experimental dataset of refugees and other migrants that were exogenously allocated to their first place of residence by German authorities. The empirical results reveal a positive causal effect of social networks on migrants' transition rate to the first job, but only if the networks are mobilized for the job search.
Kosyakova, Yuliya
Gender inequality and the regime change. Adult education and labor market rewards in the Soviet and post-Soviet Russ Journal Article
In: Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft, vol. 7, pp. 51–81, 2020.
@article{Kosyakova2020c,
title = {Gender inequality and the regime change. Adult education and labor market rewards in the Soviet and post-Soviet Russ},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-658-25513-8_3},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-25513-8_3},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Zeitschrift f\"{u}r Erziehungswissenschaft},
volume = {7},
pages = {51\textendash81},
abstract = {This paper studies gender differences in formal adult education \textendash an instrument argued to be essential for labor market adaptation in response to dramatic institutional changes in Russia's transition to a liberalized market economy. Results suggest that women faced disadvantages in adult-educational opportunities under state socialism, whereas this has been reversed in the post-Soviet Russia. This, however, was not an outcome of the improved opportunities for women but of worsened opportunities for men. Moreover, returns to adult education in terms of (re-)employment opportunities vary by gender and over time. Adult education was more effective for men than for women under state socialism. With the Soviet Union collapse, men experienced an enormous drop in adult-educational returns, whereas there was marginal (albeit not statistically significant) improvement for women. As a result, men's returns to adult education went down to the females' level. Finally, given the emerged female disadvantage in (re-)employment opportunities, adult education seems to be an efficient tool to improve overall labor market chances of women but not to compensate for their relative labor market losses after the Soviet Union collapse.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper studies gender differences in formal adult education – an instrument argued to be essential for labor market adaptation in response to dramatic institutional changes in Russia's transition to a liberalized market economy. Results suggest that women faced disadvantages in adult-educational opportunities under state socialism, whereas this has been reversed in the post-Soviet Russia. This, however, was not an outcome of the improved opportunities for women but of worsened opportunities for men. Moreover, returns to adult education in terms of (re-)employment opportunities vary by gender and over time. Adult education was more effective for men than for women under state socialism. With the Soviet Union collapse, men experienced an enormous drop in adult-educational returns, whereas there was marginal (albeit not statistically significant) improvement for women. As a result, men's returns to adult education went down to the females' level. Finally, given the emerged female disadvantage in (re-)employment opportunities, adult education seems to be an efficient tool to improve overall labor market chances of women but not to compensate for their relative labor market losses after the Soviet Union collapse.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Brücker, Herbert
Seeking Asylum in Germany: Do Human and Social Capital Determine the Outcome of Asylum Procedures? Journal Article
In: European Sociological Review, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 663–683, 2020, ISSN: 0266-7215.
@article{Kosyakova2020d,
title = {Seeking Asylum in Germany: Do Human and Social Capital Determine the Outcome of Asylum Procedures?},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Herbert Br\"{u}cker},
doi = {10.1093/esr/jcaa013},
issn = {0266-7215},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
journal = {European Sociological Review},
volume = {36},
number = {5},
pages = {663\textendash683},
abstract = {Although the Refugee Convention and European asylum legislation state that decisions regarding asylum applications should be determined solely based on persecution and other human rights violations, the outcomes of asylum procedures may be subject to socioeconomic selectivity. This article is the first to analyse whether the human and social capital of asylum-seekers affect the results of decisions regarding their asylum applications and the length of asylum procedures based on a comprehensive longitudinal survey of 5,300 refugees in Germany. We find that socioeconomic and social capital resources increase the probability of approval of asylum applications and reduce the length of asylum procedures. Moreover, human capital is particularly rewarding for asylum-seekers from countries subject to severe political and civil rights violations, whereas social networks are more conducive when the case for protection is rather difficult to prove. Finally, asylum-seekers with a higher socioeconomic status before migration seem to be better positioned to efficiently instrumentalize social networks during the asylum process. Throughout the analysis, we control for variables that capture the violation of human rights and other forms of violence, changes in asylum policies and country-of-origin-specific fixed effects. The results are robust to different specifications and are representative for asylum-seekers arriving in Germany between 2013 and 2016. Altogether, similar to other claim-making processes, the asylum process seems to promote social inequality due to socioeconomic and social capital resources.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Although the Refugee Convention and European asylum legislation state that decisions regarding asylum applications should be determined solely based on persecution and other human rights violations, the outcomes of asylum procedures may be subject to socioeconomic selectivity. This article is the first to analyse whether the human and social capital of asylum-seekers affect the results of decisions regarding their asylum applications and the length of asylum procedures based on a comprehensive longitudinal survey of 5,300 refugees in Germany. We find that socioeconomic and social capital resources increase the probability of approval of asylum applications and reduce the length of asylum procedures. Moreover, human capital is particularly rewarding for asylum-seekers from countries subject to severe political and civil rights violations, whereas social networks are more conducive when the case for protection is rather difficult to prove. Finally, asylum-seekers with a higher socioeconomic status before migration seem to be better positioned to efficiently instrumentalize social networks during the asylum process. Throughout the analysis, we control for variables that capture the violation of human rights and other forms of violence, changes in asylum policies and country-of-origin-specific fixed effects. The results are robust to different specifications and are representative for asylum-seekers arriving in Germany between 2013 and 2016. Altogether, similar to other claim-making processes, the asylum process seems to promote social inequality due to socioeconomic and social capital resources.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Brenzel, Hanna
The role of length of asylum procedure and legal status in the labour market integration of refugees in Germany Journal Article
In: Soziale Welt, vol. 71, no. 1-2, pp. 123–159, 2020, ISSN: 0038-6073.
@article{Kosyakova2020e,
title = {The role of length of asylum procedure and legal status in the labour market integration of refugees in Germany},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Hanna Brenzel},
doi = {10.5771/0038-6073-2020-1-2-123},
issn = {0038-6073},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Soziale Welt},
volume = {71},
number = {1-2},
pages = {123\textendash159},
abstract = {This study examines the role of the length of the asylum procedure and legal status in the integration process among recently arrived refugees in Germany. In particular, we focus on the transition to the first German language course and the transition to first employment. For our empirical investigation, we rely on the newest data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Refugee Sample and apply survival analyses techniques. The results show that both procedure length and legal status shape integration processes. First, lengthy asylum procedures impede investments in acquisition of the language of the host society and delay labour market entry. Second, having a decision on the asylum application (irrespective of the outcome) increases the transition rate to the first job and promotes entry into the first language course. Presumably, legal certainty and a corresponding residence permit (even with a shorter-term perspective) are more decisive for the take-up of employment or investment in host country language acquisition. Beyond the outcome and the length of the asylum procedure, the origin country matters: refugees arriving from countries whose citizens have rather high prospects of remaining are quicker to take up a language course, whereas refugees with poor staying prospects manage to enter the labour market promptly to eventually improve their prospects of staying in Germany. We conclude that policymakers should prioritize efficient asylum procedures to create timely legal certainty and to encourage refugees' integration process.Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Rolle der Asylverfahrensdauer und des rechtlichen Status im Integrationsprozess von k\"{u}rzlich in Deutschland angekommenen Fl\"{u}chtlingen. Insbesondere konzentrieren wir uns auf den \"{U}bergang in den ersten Deutschkurs und den \"{U}bergang in die erste Erwerbst\"{a}tigkeit. F\"{u}r unsere empirische Untersuchung st\"{u}tzen wir uns auf die neuesten Daten aus der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Gefl\"{u}chteten und wenden Verweildauermodelle an. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sowohl die Verfahrensdauer als auch der Rechtsstatus die Integrationsprozesse pr\"{a}gen. Erstens behindern langwierige Asylverfahren Investitionen in den Erwerb der deutschen Sprache und verz\"{o}gern den Eintritt in den Arbeitsmarkt. Zweitens erh\"{o}ht die Entscheidung \"{u}ber den Asylantrag (unabh\"{a}ngig vom Ergebnis) die \"{U}bergangsrate in die erste Erwerbst\"{a}tigkeit und f\"{o}rdert den Einstieg in den ersten Sprachkurs. Vermutlich sind Rechtssicherheit und eine entsprechende Aufenthaltserlaubnis (auch mit kurzfristiger Perspektive) f\"{u}r die Aufnahme einer Erwerbst\"{a}tigkeit oder Investition in den Spracherwerb im Gastland entscheidender. \"{U}ber das Ergebnis und die Dauer des Asylverfahrens hinaus ist das Herkunftsland von Bedeutung: Fl\"{u}chtlinge aus L\"{a}ndern mit relativ hohen Aufenthaltsaussichten \"{u}bergehen schneller in einen Sprachkurs, w\"{a}hrend Fl\"{u}chtlinge mit schlechten Aufenthaltsaussichten schneller auf den Arbeitsmarkt dr\"{a}ngen, eventuell um ihre Aussichten auf einen Aufenthalt in Deutschland zu verbessern. Die politischen Entscheidungstr\"{a}ger sollten dementsprechend effiziente Asylverfahren priorisieren, um rechtzeitige Rechtssicherheit zu schaffen und den Integrationsprozess der Fl\"{u}chtlinge zu f\"{o}rdern.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study examines the role of the length of the asylum procedure and legal status in the integration process among recently arrived refugees in Germany. In particular, we focus on the transition to the first German language course and the transition to first employment. For our empirical investigation, we rely on the newest data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Refugee Sample and apply survival analyses techniques. The results show that both procedure length and legal status shape integration processes. First, lengthy asylum procedures impede investments in acquisition of the language of the host society and delay labour market entry. Second, having a decision on the asylum application (irrespective of the outcome) increases the transition rate to the first job and promotes entry into the first language course. Presumably, legal certainty and a corresponding residence permit (even with a shorter-term perspective) are more decisive for the take-up of employment or investment in host country language acquisition. Beyond the outcome and the length of the asylum procedure, the origin country matters: refugees arriving from countries whose citizens have rather high prospects of remaining are quicker to take up a language course, whereas refugees with poor staying prospects manage to enter the labour market promptly to eventually improve their prospects of staying in Germany. We conclude that policymakers should prioritize efficient asylum procedures to create timely legal certainty and to encourage refugees' integration process.Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Rolle der Asylverfahrensdauer und des rechtlichen Status im Integrationsprozess von kürzlich in Deutschland angekommenen Flüchtlingen. Insbesondere konzentrieren wir uns auf den Übergang in den ersten Deutschkurs und den Übergang in die erste Erwerbstätigkeit. Für unsere empirische Untersuchung stützen wir uns auf die neuesten Daten aus der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Geflüchteten und wenden Verweildauermodelle an. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sowohl die Verfahrensdauer als auch der Rechtsstatus die Integrationsprozesse prägen. Erstens behindern langwierige Asylverfahren Investitionen in den Erwerb der deutschen Sprache und verzögern den Eintritt in den Arbeitsmarkt. Zweitens erhöht die Entscheidung über den Asylantrag (unabhängig vom Ergebnis) die Übergangsrate in die erste Erwerbstätigkeit und fördert den Einstieg in den ersten Sprachkurs. Vermutlich sind Rechtssicherheit und eine entsprechende Aufenthaltserlaubnis (auch mit kurzfristiger Perspektive) für die Aufnahme einer Erwerbstätigkeit oder Investition in den Spracherwerb im Gastland entscheidender. Über das Ergebnis und die Dauer des Asylverfahrens hinaus ist das Herkunftsland von Bedeutung: Flüchtlinge aus Ländern mit relativ hohen Aufenthaltsaussichten übergehen schneller in einen Sprachkurs, während Flüchtlinge mit schlechten Aufenthaltsaussichten schneller auf den Arbeitsmarkt drängen, eventuell um ihre Aussichten auf einen Aufenthalt in Deutschland zu verbessern. Die politischen Entscheidungsträger sollten dementsprechend effiziente Asylverfahren priorisieren, um rechtzeitige Rechtssicherheit zu schaffen und den Integrationsprozess der Flüchtlinge zu fördern.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Brücker, Herbert
Supplementary Appendix for Seeking Asylum in Germany: Do Human and Social Capital Determine the Outcome of Asylum Procedures Journal Article
In: European Sociological Review, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 663–83, 2020.
@article{Kosyakova2020,
title = {Supplementary Appendix for Seeking Asylum in Germany: Do Human and Social Capital Determine the Outcome of Asylum Procedures},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Herbert Br\"{u}cker},
doi = {10.1093/esr/jcaa013.},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {European Sociological Review},
volume = {36},
number = {5},
pages = {663\textendash83},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kosyakova, Yuliya
2020.
@misc{Kosyakova2020a,
title = {Arbeitsmarktsituation von Gefl\"{u}chteten, spezifische Herausforderungen f\"{u}r Frauen. Aktuelle Ergebnisse aus der IAB-BAMF-SOEP Befragung der Gefl\"{u}chteten},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRoFHkh7BB4},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
booktitle = {Lokale samo.fa Dialogkonferenz: Hier leben. Zur Lage der Menschen mit Fluchtgeschichte},
publisher = {Bundesverband Netzwerke von Migrantenorganisationen e.V. (NeMO)},
address = {Online},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}
2019
Kruppe, Thomas; Leber, Ute; Matthes, Britta; Dengler, Katharina; Dietrich, Hans; Janitz, Helga; Janssen, Simon; Jaschke, Philipp; Jost, Oskar; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Lehmer, Florian; Lietzmann, Thorsten; Osiander, Christopher; Schreyer, Franziska; Seibert, Holger; Wiethölter, Doris; Wolf, Katja; Zika, Gerd
Digitalisierung: Herausforderungen für die Aus- und Weiterbildung in Deutschland Technical Report
IAB-Stellungnahme, No. 1/2019. Nürnberg: Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), 2019.
@techreport{nokey,
title = {Digitalisierung: Herausforderungen f\"{u}r die Aus- und Weiterbildung in Deutschland},
author = {Thomas Kruppe and Ute Leber and Britta Matthes and Katharina Dengler and Hans Dietrich and Helga Janitz and Simon Janssen and Philipp Jaschke and Oskar Jost and Yuliya Kosyakova and Florian Lehmer and Thorsten Lietzmann and Christopher Osiander and Franziska Schreyer and Holger Seibert and Doris Wieth\"{o}lter and Katja Wolf and Gerd Zika},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10419/207541},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-04-05},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg: Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)},
institution = {IAB-Stellungnahme, No. 1/2019.},
abstract = {Die hier vorliegende Stellungnahme beinhaltet die Antworten des IAB zum Fragenkatalog aller Fraktionen im Rahmen der Anh\"{o}rung der Enquete-Kommission "Berufliche Bildung in der digita-len Arbeitswelt" des Deutschen Bundestags am 10.12.2018. Der Fragenkatalog deckt ein sehr brei-tes Themenspektrum ab. Eine ausf\"{u}hrliche Zusammenfassung findet sich in Kapitel 6. Im Folgen-den wird deshalb ein \"{U}berblick zu den in der Stellungnahme behandelten Themen gegeben. Das IAB geht in der Stellungnahme zun\"{a}chst auf die Konsequenzen der Digitalisierung f\"{u}r die be-ruflichen Arbeitsm\"{a}rkte ein. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Substituierbarkeitspotenziale in den letzten Jahren angestiegen sind, dass also zunehmend mehr berufliche T\"{a}tigkeiten durch Computer oder Maschinen ersetzt werden k\"{o}nnen. Das Substituierbarkeitspotenzial f\"{a}llt dabei in den verschiede-nen beruflichen Teilarbeitsm\"{a}rkten sehr unterschiedlich aus. F\"{u}r die Arbeitswelt der Zukunft ge-hen Projektionsrechnungen davon aus, dass sich diese in ihrer Branchen-, Berufs- und Anforde-rungsstruktur deutlich von der heutigen unterscheiden wird. Dieser Wandel der Arbeitswelten f\"{u}hrt zu steigenden Kompetenzanforderungen. Neben digitalen Kompetenzen gewinnen insbesondere auch soziale Kompetenzen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Auch wenn eine berufliche Ausbildung oder ein Hochschulstudium weiterhin die Basis f\"{u}r die Be-w\"{a}ltigung zuk\"{u}nftiger Herausforderungen der Arbeitswelt bilden, werden Weiterbildung bezie-hungsweise Lebenslanges Lernen immer wichtiger. Der zweite Teil der Stellungnahme geht auf die betriebliche Ausbildung ein. Die aktuelle Situation am deutschen Ausbildungsmarkt ist durch Passungsprobleme gepr\"{a}gt. Einer hohen Zahl an un-versorgten Ausbildungsplatzbewerbern steht eine steigende Zahl an unbesetzten Ausbildungs-pl\"{a}tzen gegen\"{u}ber. Um auch den Auszubildenden einen Einblick in die neuen Technologien, die in Betrieben ausgebildet werden, die nicht mit solchen Technologien ausgestattet sind, bieten sich Ausbildungsverb\"{u}nde an. Anschlie\ssend widmet sich die Stellungnahme dem Thema Weiterbildung. Die Teilnahmechancen an beruflicher Weiterbildung sind nach wie vor ungleich verteilt. Zur F\"{o}rderung der Weiterbildung bestimmter Personengruppen kommen verschiedene Instrumente wie Gutscheine, finanzielle An-reize oder eine qualifizierte Weiterbildungsberatung in Frage. Problematisch an der gegenw\"{a}rti-gen Ausgestaltung des Weiterbildungsmarktes und der Weiterbildung selbst ist ihre Intransparenz, die zu m\"{o}glichen negativen Folgen f\"{u}r die Teilnahme, aber auch f\"{u}r die Mobilit\"{a}t am Arbeitsmarkt f\"{u}hren kann. Basierend auf den vorherigen Kapiteln wird abschlie\ssend auf eine Reihe von Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung f\"{u}r die Aus- und Weiterbildung eingegangen.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
Die hier vorliegende Stellungnahme beinhaltet die Antworten des IAB zum Fragenkatalog aller Fraktionen im Rahmen der Anhörung der Enquete-Kommission "Berufliche Bildung in der digita-len Arbeitswelt" des Deutschen Bundestags am 10.12.2018. Der Fragenkatalog deckt ein sehr brei-tes Themenspektrum ab. Eine ausführliche Zusammenfassung findet sich in Kapitel 6. Im Folgen-den wird deshalb ein Überblick zu den in der Stellungnahme behandelten Themen gegeben. Das IAB geht in der Stellungnahme zunächst auf die Konsequenzen der Digitalisierung für die be-ruflichen Arbeitsmärkte ein. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Substituierbarkeitspotenziale in den letzten Jahren angestiegen sind, dass also zunehmend mehr berufliche Tätigkeiten durch Computer oder Maschinen ersetzt werden können. Das Substituierbarkeitspotenzial fällt dabei in den verschiede-nen beruflichen Teilarbeitsmärkten sehr unterschiedlich aus. Für die Arbeitswelt der Zukunft ge-hen Projektionsrechnungen davon aus, dass sich diese in ihrer Branchen-, Berufs- und Anforde-rungsstruktur deutlich von der heutigen unterscheiden wird. Dieser Wandel der Arbeitswelten führt zu steigenden Kompetenzanforderungen. Neben digitalen Kompetenzen gewinnen insbesondere auch soziale Kompetenzen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Auch wenn eine berufliche Ausbildung oder ein Hochschulstudium weiterhin die Basis für die Be-wältigung zukünftiger Herausforderungen der Arbeitswelt bilden, werden Weiterbildung bezie-hungsweise Lebenslanges Lernen immer wichtiger. Der zweite Teil der Stellungnahme geht auf die betriebliche Ausbildung ein. Die aktuelle Situation am deutschen Ausbildungsmarkt ist durch Passungsprobleme geprägt. Einer hohen Zahl an un-versorgten Ausbildungsplatzbewerbern steht eine steigende Zahl an unbesetzten Ausbildungs-plätzen gegenüber. Um auch den Auszubildenden einen Einblick in die neuen Technologien, die in Betrieben ausgebildet werden, die nicht mit solchen Technologien ausgestattet sind, bieten sich Ausbildungsverbünde an. Anschließend widmet sich die Stellungnahme dem Thema Weiterbildung. Die Teilnahmechancen an beruflicher Weiterbildung sind nach wie vor ungleich verteilt. Zur Förderung der Weiterbildung bestimmter Personengruppen kommen verschiedene Instrumente wie Gutscheine, finanzielle An-reize oder eine qualifizierte Weiterbildungsberatung in Frage. Problematisch an der gegenwärti-gen Ausgestaltung des Weiterbildungsmarktes und der Weiterbildung selbst ist ihre Intransparenz, die zu möglichen negativen Folgen für die Teilnahme, aber auch für die Mobilität am Arbeitsmarkt führen kann. Basierend auf den vorherigen Kapiteln wird abschließend auf eine Reihe von Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung für die Aus- und Weiterbildung eingegangen.
Brücker, Herbert; Croisier, Johannes; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kröger, Hannes; Pietrantuono, Giuseppe; Rother, Nina; Schupp, Jürgen
Zweite Welle der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung: Geflüchtete machen Fortschritte bei Sprache und Beschäftigung Technical Report
IAB-Kurzbericht, No. 3/2019 Nürnberg: Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), no. 3, 2019.
@techreport{Brucker2019,
title = {Zweite Welle der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung: Geflüchtete machen Fortschritte bei Sprache und Beschäftigung},
author = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Johannes Croisier and Yuliya Kosyakova and Hannes Kröger and Giuseppe Pietrantuono and Nina Rother and J\"{u}rgen Schupp},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10419/216694},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
journal = {IAB Kurzbericht},
volume = {2019},
number = {3},
issue = {IAB Kurzbericht 3/2019},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg: Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)},
institution = {IAB-Kurzbericht, No. 3/2019},
abstract = {Die IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Gefl\"{u}chteten zeigt, dass deren Deutschkenntnisse sich 2017 im Ver- gleich zu 2016 deutlich verbessert haben. Immer mehr Gefl\"{u}chtete integrieren sich in das Bildungssystem und in den Arbeitsmarkt, obwohl sie beim Zuzug teilweise gesundheitliche Probleme oder ein niedriges Bildungsniveau mitbringen. Zwar ist die gro\sse Mehrheit der Gefl\"{u}chteten nicht von psychischen Erkrankungen betroffen, aber es gibt Hinweise auf eine h\"{o}here Wahrscheinlichkeit post-traumatischer Belastungsst\"{o}rungen und depressiver Erkrankungen im Vergleich zur deutschen Bev\"{o}lkerung. y Rund ein Drittel der Gefl\"{u}chteten berichtete 2017 von guten oder sehr guten Deutschkenntnissen. Im Jahr 2016 lag dieser Anteil bei 18 Prozent. Die H\"{a}lfte hatte 2017 an einem Integrationskurs teilgenommen im Ver- gleich zu einem Drittel im Jahr 2016. Rund ein Zehntel der Gefl\"{u}chteten besuchte 2017 Schulen, berufliche Bildungseinrichtungen, Hochschulen und Universit\"{a}ten, im Vergleich zu 6 Prozent im Jahr 2016. Etwa 20 Prozent der 2015 zuge- zogenen Gefl\"{u}chteten gingen 2017 einer Erwerbst\"{a}tigkeit nach. Bis Oktober 2018 ist dieser Anteil laut Besch\"{a}ftigtenstatistik der Bundesagentur f\"{u}r Arbeit auf 35 Prozent gestiegen. Gefl\"{u}chtete Frauen sind deutlich seltener am Arbeitsmarkt aktiv als gefl\"{u}chtete M\"{a}nner. Die Unterschiede h\"{a}ngen teilweise mit der Familienkonstellation zusammen.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Die IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Geflüchteten zeigt, dass deren Deutschkenntnisse sich 2017 im Ver- gleich zu 2016 deutlich verbessert haben. Immer mehr Geflüchtete integrieren sich in das Bildungssystem und in den Arbeitsmarkt, obwohl sie beim Zuzug teilweise gesundheitliche Probleme oder ein niedriges Bildungsniveau mitbringen. Zwar ist die große Mehrheit der Geflüchteten nicht von psychischen Erkrankungen betroffen, aber es gibt Hinweise auf eine höhere Wahrscheinlichkeit post-traumatischer Belastungsstörungen und depressiver Erkrankungen im Vergleich zur deutschen Bevölkerung. y Rund ein Drittel der Geflüchteten berichtete 2017 von guten oder sehr guten Deutschkenntnissen. Im Jahr 2016 lag dieser Anteil bei 18 Prozent. Die Hälfte hatte 2017 an einem Integrationskurs teilgenommen im Ver- gleich zu einem Drittel im Jahr 2016. Rund ein Zehntel der Geflüchteten besuchte 2017 Schulen, berufliche Bildungseinrichtungen, Hochschulen und Universitäten, im Vergleich zu 6 Prozent im Jahr 2016. Etwa 20 Prozent der 2015 zuge- zogenen Geflüchteten gingen 2017 einer Erwerbstätigkeit nach. Bis Oktober 2018 ist dieser Anteil laut Beschäftigtenstatistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit auf 35 Prozent gestiegen. Geflüchtete Frauen sind deutlich seltener am Arbeitsmarkt aktiv als geflüchtete Männer. Die Unterschiede hängen teilweise mit der Familienkonstellation zusammen.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Gerber, Theodore P.
Adult Education, Stratification, and Regime Change: Upgrading and Sidestepping in Russia, 1965–2005 Journal Article
In: Sociology of Education, vol. 92, no. 2, pp. 124–149, 2019, ISSN: 0038-0407.
@article{Kosyakova2019,
title = {Adult Education, Stratification, and Regime Change: Upgrading and Sidestepping in Russia, 1965\textendash2005},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Theodore P. Gerber},
url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0038040718823192},
doi = {10.1177/0038040718823192},
issn = {0038-0407},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Sociology of Education},
volume = {92},
number = {2},
pages = {124\textendash149},
abstract = {Adult education influences how labor market opportunities are structured in the later life course. We pro- pose a theoretical framework for understanding the stratifying role of adult education resting on the dis- tinction between two forms of adult education\textemdashupgrading and sidestepping: Resources, incentives, and selection processes systematically structure rates of participation. Using educational history data from Russia, we test hypotheses derived from our framework and examine the impact of the Soviet collapse and the ensuing economic recovery. Upgrading exacerbates patterns of socioeconomic stratification by delivering better credentials to individuals with higher levels of initial resources. Sidestepping is less com- mon than upgrading and less related to socioeconomic origins and previous attainment. The Soviet col- lapse produced short-term declines in the rates of both upgrading and sidestepping. However, once growth resumed, market institutions proved durable, and the political regime stabilized, rates of upgrading soared to levels exceeding those of the Soviet era},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Adult education influences how labor market opportunities are structured in the later life course. We pro- pose a theoretical framework for understanding the stratifying role of adult education resting on the dis- tinction between two forms of adult education—upgrading and sidestepping: Resources, incentives, and selection processes systematically structure rates of participation. Using educational history data from Russia, we test hypotheses derived from our framework and examine the impact of the Soviet collapse and the ensuing economic recovery. Upgrading exacerbates patterns of socioeconomic stratification by delivering better credentials to individuals with higher levels of initial resources. Sidestepping is less com- mon than upgrading and less related to socioeconomic origins and previous attainment. The Soviet col- lapse produced short-term declines in the rates of both upgrading and sidestepping. However, once growth resumed, market institutions proved durable, and the political regime stabilized, rates of upgrading soared to levels exceeding those of the Soviet era
Brücker, Herbert; Jaschke, Philipp; Kosyakova, Yuliya
Integrating Refugees into the German Economy and Society: Empirical Evidence and Policy Objectives Technical Report
Washington, DC, 2019.
@techreport{Brucker2019a,
title = {Integrating Refugees into the German Economy and Society: Empirical Evidence and Policy Objectives},
author = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Philipp Jaschke and Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {https://www.migrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/publications/TCM_2019_Germany-FINAL.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-12-01},
publisher = {Migration Policy Institute},
address = {Washington, DC},
abstract = {Germany has become the largest destination for asylum-seekers and refugees in the European Union, receiving around half of the 3.1 million asylum applications submitted from 2015 to 2017. The lion’s share of asylum-seekers to Germany have come from five countries: Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, Eritrea and Iran. According to the survey, the overwhelming majority (87 percent) left their countries due to war and civil war, persecution, or forced labor. This is reflected in high acceptance rates (50 percent of the applications were accepted, 32 percent declined, and 18 percent formally decided under the Dublin regulation) but also in the fact that many of those whose applications are denied cannot be returned, at least in the short-run, which has resulted in a non-negligible share of people in so-called “tolerated status”. Since tolerated status is usually renewed for only six month segments, it is a status of deep uncertainty, with important ramifications for integration.
A new dataset, the IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Refugee Survey, tracks these newcomers over their first years of residence regardless of whether their claims were accepted, offering new insights into demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, early economic and social integration trajectories, and how status shapes labor market success. Among the notable characteristics of newcomers, these include:
\textendash Gender and age. Compared to previous cohorts and other migrants, recent arrivals are more likely to be young and male. Almost three quarters of newcomers are male, and of these three quarters are under 35 (as are 62 percent of women).
\textendash Family status. Over two thirds of women have children (a third have toddlers), and a non-negligible share (16 percent) of mothers is either single or living without their spouse.
\textendash Mental health and trauma. Recent arrivals are more likely to have depression or post-traumatic stress compared to the German population average and over half reported traumatic events during the migration process (such as shipwrecks).
\textendash Education levels are highly polarized, with 35 percent holding an upper-secondary degree and 26 percent with only a primary education or less. Vocational levels are especially poor given the lack of the dual vocational system in origin countries, which is a barrier given the importance of formal professional qualifications in Germany. However, many can rely on substantial work experience and professional qualifications acquired on the job.
While these characteristics coupled with the scale of arrivals might indicate that newcomers would struggle in Germany’s labor market, recent evidence suggests that the labor market integration is slightly faster compared to previous refugee cohorts. The survey indicates that 19 percent of refugees that arrived in 2015 where in employment by 2017, and data from the Federal Employment Agency finds that 35 percent of the working-age population that arrived from 2015 was in work by 2018\textemdash an accelerating trend. However, the average monthly earnings were around 55 percent those of German employees, which is mostly due to an disproportional engagement in low-skilled occupations and a considerable occupation-skill mismatch.
Labor market outcomes are shaped by completion of integration measures, legal status and social networks; although legal status does not (as might be expected) affect employment rates much, it does shape the type of employment. Forty-three percent of the refugees who were employed at least once in 2017 found their first job in Germany through social networks. Outcomes for women are much worse, as might be expected due to their childcare responsibilities and other vulnerabilities.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Germany has become the largest destination for asylum-seekers and refugees in the European Union, receiving around half of the 3.1 million asylum applications submitted from 2015 to 2017. The lion’s share of asylum-seekers to Germany have come from five countries: Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, Eritrea and Iran. According to the survey, the overwhelming majority (87 percent) left their countries due to war and civil war, persecution, or forced labor. This is reflected in high acceptance rates (50 percent of the applications were accepted, 32 percent declined, and 18 percent formally decided under the Dublin regulation) but also in the fact that many of those whose applications are denied cannot be returned, at least in the short-run, which has resulted in a non-negligible share of people in so-called “tolerated status”. Since tolerated status is usually renewed for only six month segments, it is a status of deep uncertainty, with important ramifications for integration.
A new dataset, the IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Refugee Survey, tracks these newcomers over their first years of residence regardless of whether their claims were accepted, offering new insights into demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, early economic and social integration trajectories, and how status shapes labor market success. Among the notable characteristics of newcomers, these include:
– Gender and age. Compared to previous cohorts and other migrants, recent arrivals are more likely to be young and male. Almost three quarters of newcomers are male, and of these three quarters are under 35 (as are 62 percent of women).
– Family status. Over two thirds of women have children (a third have toddlers), and a non-negligible share (16 percent) of mothers is either single or living without their spouse.
– Mental health and trauma. Recent arrivals are more likely to have depression or post-traumatic stress compared to the German population average and over half reported traumatic events during the migration process (such as shipwrecks).
– Education levels are highly polarized, with 35 percent holding an upper-secondary degree and 26 percent with only a primary education or less. Vocational levels are especially poor given the lack of the dual vocational system in origin countries, which is a barrier given the importance of formal professional qualifications in Germany. However, many can rely on substantial work experience and professional qualifications acquired on the job.
While these characteristics coupled with the scale of arrivals might indicate that newcomers would struggle in Germany’s labor market, recent evidence suggests that the labor market integration is slightly faster compared to previous refugee cohorts. The survey indicates that 19 percent of refugees that arrived in 2015 where in employment by 2017, and data from the Federal Employment Agency finds that 35 percent of the working-age population that arrived from 2015 was in work by 2018— an accelerating trend. However, the average monthly earnings were around 55 percent those of German employees, which is mostly due to an disproportional engagement in low-skilled occupations and a considerable occupation-skill mismatch.
Labor market outcomes are shaped by completion of integration measures, legal status and social networks; although legal status does not (as might be expected) affect employment rates much, it does shape the type of employment. Forty-three percent of the refugees who were employed at least once in 2017 found their first job in Germany through social networks. Outcomes for women are much worse, as might be expected due to their childcare responsibilities and other vulnerabilities.
A new dataset, the IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Refugee Survey, tracks these newcomers over their first years of residence regardless of whether their claims were accepted, offering new insights into demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, early economic and social integration trajectories, and how status shapes labor market success. Among the notable characteristics of newcomers, these include:
– Gender and age. Compared to previous cohorts and other migrants, recent arrivals are more likely to be young and male. Almost three quarters of newcomers are male, and of these three quarters are under 35 (as are 62 percent of women).
– Family status. Over two thirds of women have children (a third have toddlers), and a non-negligible share (16 percent) of mothers is either single or living without their spouse.
– Mental health and trauma. Recent arrivals are more likely to have depression or post-traumatic stress compared to the German population average and over half reported traumatic events during the migration process (such as shipwrecks).
– Education levels are highly polarized, with 35 percent holding an upper-secondary degree and 26 percent with only a primary education or less. Vocational levels are especially poor given the lack of the dual vocational system in origin countries, which is a barrier given the importance of formal professional qualifications in Germany. However, many can rely on substantial work experience and professional qualifications acquired on the job.
While these characteristics coupled with the scale of arrivals might indicate that newcomers would struggle in Germany’s labor market, recent evidence suggests that the labor market integration is slightly faster compared to previous refugee cohorts. The survey indicates that 19 percent of refugees that arrived in 2015 where in employment by 2017, and data from the Federal Employment Agency finds that 35 percent of the working-age population that arrived from 2015 was in work by 2018— an accelerating trend. However, the average monthly earnings were around 55 percent those of German employees, which is mostly due to an disproportional engagement in low-skilled occupations and a considerable occupation-skill mismatch.
Labor market outcomes are shaped by completion of integration measures, legal status and social networks; although legal status does not (as might be expected) affect employment rates much, it does shape the type of employment. Forty-three percent of the refugees who were employed at least once in 2017 found their first job in Germany through social networks. Outcomes for women are much worse, as might be expected due to their childcare responsibilities and other vulnerabilities.
Brücker, Herbert; Jaschke, Philipp; Kosyakova, Yuliya
Refugee Migration to Germany Revisited: Some Lessons on the Integration of Asylum Seekers Technical Report
XXI European Conference of the fRDB on “How to manage the refugee crisis” Calabria, 2019.
@techreport{Brucker2019b,
title = {Refugee Migration to Germany Revisited: Some Lessons on the Integration of Asylum Seekers},
author = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Philipp Jaschke and Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {https://www.frdb.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/fRDB_Manuscript_2019_06_27.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {XXI European Conference of the fRDB on “How to manage the refugee crisis”},
pages = {1\textendash80},
address = {Calabria},
institution = {XXI European Conference of the fRDB on “How to manage the refugee crisis”},
abstract = {Germany has emerged as the main destination of refugees in the EU and among other high-income countries in absolute terms at 1.6 million asylum applications, which have been submitted there from 2015 to 2018. More than two-thirds of the refugee population in Germany has received already a protection status, another one-fifth of the applications are still pending. Origin country characteristics and self-reported migration motives suggest that an overwhelming majority of this population has been affected by war, armed conflicts, persecution and other human rights violations. Micro-data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees and from origin countries indicate that the refugee population in Germany is positively self-selected in terms of skills and personal characteristics which may facilitate labor market integration. Nevertheless, a substantial skill gap relative to the German population, particularly in the area of vocational training, forms a severe impediment to labor market integration. By the end of 2018, more than one-third of the refugee population has been integrated into employment (including marginal employment). This is slightly faster than in previous refugee migration episodes. In-depth analyses in this report suggest that (i) faster asylum procedures and the approval of a protection status increase employment chances and participation in language programs substantially, (ii) administrative dispersal policies hinder transitions into first employment particularly for those captured in regions with poor labor market prospects and (iii) access to the health system via electronic health cards can reduce emotional distress and the risk of post-traumatic diseases, which is particularly relevant for humanitarian migrants.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Germany has emerged as the main destination of refugees in the EU and among other high-income countries in absolute terms at 1.6 million asylum applications, which have been submitted there from 2015 to 2018. More than two-thirds of the refugee population in Germany has received already a protection status, another one-fifth of the applications are still pending. Origin country characteristics and self-reported migration motives suggest that an overwhelming majority of this population has been affected by war, armed conflicts, persecution and other human rights violations. Micro-data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees and from origin countries indicate that the refugee population in Germany is positively self-selected in terms of skills and personal characteristics which may facilitate labor market integration. Nevertheless, a substantial skill gap relative to the German population, particularly in the area of vocational training, forms a severe impediment to labor market integration. By the end of 2018, more than one-third of the refugee population has been integrated into employment (including marginal employment). This is slightly faster than in previous refugee migration episodes. In-depth analyses in this report suggest that (i) faster asylum procedures and the approval of a protection status increase employment chances and participation in language programs substantially, (ii) administrative dispersal policies hinder transitions into first employment particularly for those captured in regions with poor labor market prospects and (iii) access to the health system via electronic health cards can reduce emotional distress and the risk of post-traumatic diseases, which is particularly relevant for humanitarian migrants.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Olbrich, Lukas; Sakshaug, Joseph W.; Schwanhäuser, Silvia
Identification of Interviewer Falsification in the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees in Germany Journal Article
In: FDZ-METHODENREPORT. Methodological aspects of labour market data, vol. 02/2019, 2019.
@article{Kosyakova2019a,
title = {Identification of Interviewer Falsification in the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees in Germany},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Lukas Olbrich and Joseph W. Sakshaug and Silvia Schwanh\"{a}user},
url = {https://doku.iab.de/fdz/reporte/2019/MR_02-19_EN_.pdf},
doi = {10.5164/IAB.FDZ.1902.en.v1},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
journal = {FDZ-METHODENREPORT. Methodological aspects of labour market data},
volume = {02/2019},
address = {Nuremberg: Research Data Centre (FDZ) of the Federal Employment Agency (BA) in the Institute for Employment Research (IAB)},
institution = {FDZ-Methodenreport 02|2019. Methodological aspects of labour market data.},
abstract = {Interviewer-administered surveys are susceptible to intentional deviant behavior by interviewers and this type of behavior is a potential source of survey error. One example of such deviant behaviour is the falsification of entire interviews, which can negatively impact data quality if such cases are not identified. Therefore, the development and application of falsification detection methods is important to ensure high quality data. However, methods of detecting falsification are usually evaluated using simulated or laboratory data instead of actual falsified data. This report examines the effectiveness of statistical identification methods for detecting falsifiers in the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees in Germany, in which there was an actual case of interviewer fraud.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Interviewer-administered surveys are susceptible to intentional deviant behavior by interviewers and this type of behavior is a potential source of survey error. One example of such deviant behaviour is the falsification of entire interviews, which can negatively impact data quality if such cases are not identified. Therefore, the development and application of falsification detection methods is important to ensure high quality data. However, methods of detecting falsification are usually evaluated using simulated or laboratory data instead of actual falsified data. This report examines the effectiveness of statistical identification methods for detecting falsifiers in the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees in Germany, in which there was an actual case of interviewer fraud.
Jaschke, Philipp; Kosyakova, Yuliya
Does facilitated access to the health system improve asylum-seekers' health outcomes? Evidence from a quasi-experiment. Working paper
IAB Discussion Paper 7/2019. Nürnberg: Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), 2019.
@workingpaper{Jaschke2019,
title = {Does facilitated access to the health system improve asylum-seekers' health outcomes? Evidence from a quasi-experiment.},
author = {Philipp Jaschke and Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10419/204854},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
journal = {IAB Discussion Paper},
volume = {2019},
number = {7},
pages = {29},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg: Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)},
abstract = {As long as their asylum application is not approved or their duration of stay does not exceed 15 months, asylum-seekers who require doctor visit have to claim it either by the local authority for foreigners or the responsible social assistance office in Germany. Since 2016 several Federal states and municipalities in Germany have launched the procedure to hand out electronic health cards (eHC) which allow immediate direct access to the health system for asylum-seekers. In this paper, we examine whether being eligible to the eHC as a result of the policy change has had an effect on the health outcomes of asylum-seekers in Germany. For empirical identification, we take ad- vantage of the variation of the policy change across regions and over time. Relying on data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees, we find that the introduction of the reforms allowing asy- lum-seekers' faster and more direct access to the healthcare system indeed reduced the risk of emotional disorder. We conclude by discussing the potential pros and contras of a comprehensive nationwide introduction of the eHC for asylum-seekers.},
howpublished = {IAB Discussion Paper 7/2019. N\"{u}rnberg: Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}
As long as their asylum application is not approved or their duration of stay does not exceed 15 months, asylum-seekers who require doctor visit have to claim it either by the local authority for foreigners or the responsible social assistance office in Germany. Since 2016 several Federal states and municipalities in Germany have launched the procedure to hand out electronic health cards (eHC) which allow immediate direct access to the health system for asylum-seekers. In this paper, we examine whether being eligible to the eHC as a result of the policy change has had an effect on the health outcomes of asylum-seekers in Germany. For empirical identification, we take ad- vantage of the variation of the policy change across regions and over time. Relying on data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees, we find that the introduction of the reforms allowing asy- lum-seekers' faster and more direct access to the healthcare system indeed reduced the risk of emotional disorder. We conclude by discussing the potential pros and contras of a comprehensive nationwide introduction of the eHC for asylum-seekers.
Brücker, Herbert; Croisier, Johannes; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kröger, Hannes; Pietrantuono, Giuseppe; Rother, Nina; Schupp, Jürgen
Second wave of the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey: Language skills and employment rate of refugees improving with time Technical Report
IAB Brief Report 3/2019 Nürnberg: Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), no. 3, 2019.
@techreport{Brucker2019c,
title = {Second wave of the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey: Language skills and employment rate of refugees improving with time},
author = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Johannes Croisier and Yuliya Kosyakova and Hannes Kröger and Giuseppe Pietrantuono and Nina Rother and J\"{u}rgen Schupp},
url = {http://doku.iab.de/kurzber/2019/kb0319_englisch.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
journal = {IAB Brief Report},
volume = {2019},
number = {3},
issue = {IAB Brief Report 2019},
pages = {1\textendash19},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg: Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)},
institution = {IAB Brief Report 3/2019},
abstract = {The second wave of IAB-BAMF- SOEP Survey of Refugees shows that refugees’ German skills improved in 2017 compared to 2016. Despite the fact that some refugees had health issues and lower levels of education at the time of arrival, an increasing number is integrating into the education system and the labor market. Although the vast majority of refugees are not affected by mental diseases, there is evidence of a higher likelihood of post-traumatic stress and depressive disorders compared to the German population. A third of the refugees reported good or very good German skills in 2017. In 2016 this share was 18 percent. Half of the respondents attended an integration course in 2017 compared to a third in 2016. Approximately one tenth of refugees visited schools, vocational training institutions, colleges, and universities in 2017, compared to 6 percent in 2016. In 2017 about 20 percent of the refugees who arrived in 2015 were employed. According to employment statistics from the Federal Employment Agency, this proportion had risen to 35 percent by October 2018.
yFemale refugees participate much less in the labor market than male refugees. These differences are partly explained by the family constellation.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
The second wave of IAB-BAMF- SOEP Survey of Refugees shows that refugees’ German skills improved in 2017 compared to 2016. Despite the fact that some refugees had health issues and lower levels of education at the time of arrival, an increasing number is integrating into the education system and the labor market. Although the vast majority of refugees are not affected by mental diseases, there is evidence of a higher likelihood of post-traumatic stress and depressive disorders compared to the German population. A third of the refugees reported good or very good German skills in 2017. In 2016 this share was 18 percent. Half of the respondents attended an integration course in 2017 compared to a third in 2016. Approximately one tenth of refugees visited schools, vocational training institutions, colleges, and universities in 2017, compared to 6 percent in 2016. In 2017 about 20 percent of the refugees who arrived in 2015 were employed. According to employment statistics from the Federal Employment Agency, this proportion had risen to 35 percent by October 2018.
yFemale refugees participate much less in the labor market than male refugees. These differences are partly explained by the family constellation.
yFemale refugees participate much less in the labor market than male refugees. These differences are partly explained by the family constellation.
Brenzel, Hanna; Kosyakova, Yuliya
Geflüchtete auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt. Längere Asylverfahren verzögern Integration und Spracherwerb Technical Report
IAB-Kurzbericht No. 6/2019. Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg, no. 6, 2019.
@techreport{Brenzel2019,
title = {Gefl\"{u}chtete auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt. L\"{a}ngere Asylverfahren verz\"{o}gern Integration und Spracherwerb},
author = {Hanna Brenzel and Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {https://doku.iab.de/kurzber/2019/kb0619.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
journal = {IAB Kurzbericht},
volume = {2019},
number = {6},
issue = {6/2019},
pages = {1\textendash8},
address = {Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), N\"{u}rnberg},
institution = {IAB-Kurzbericht No. 6/2019.},
abstract = {Ob beziehungsweise wie die Dauer des Asylverfahrens und der aktuelle Asylstatus die Arbeitsmarktintegration von Gefl\"{u}chteten beeinflussen, wird in diesem Kurzbericht untersucht. Vor allem von rechtlichen Beschr\"{a}nkungen der Besch\"{a}ftigungsm\"{o}glichkeiten w\"{a}hrend des Verfahrens w\"{u}rde man wohl negative Effekte erwarten. Neben diesen direkten Effekten auf die Arbeitsmarktintegration wirken aber auch indirekte Effekte, beispielsweise durch Investitionen in die deutsche Sprache, die hier auch analysiert werden.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Ob beziehungsweise wie die Dauer des Asylverfahrens und der aktuelle Asylstatus die Arbeitsmarktintegration von Geflüchteten beeinflussen, wird in diesem Kurzbericht untersucht. Vor allem von rechtlichen Beschränkungen der Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten während des Verfahrens würde man wohl negative Effekte erwarten. Neben diesen direkten Effekten auf die Arbeitsmarktintegration wirken aber auch indirekte Effekte, beispielsweise durch Investitionen in die deutsche Sprache, die hier auch analysiert werden.
Brenzel, Hanna; Brücker, Herbert; Guichard, Lucas; Fendel, Tanja; Jaschke, Philipp; Keita, Sekou; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Trübswetter, Parvati; Vallizadeh, Ehsan
Endbericht für das Projekt "Flüchtlingsmonitoring" Technical Report
Berlin: Bundesministrium für Forschung und Soziales. Forschungsbericht 528, 2019.
@techreport{Brenzel2019a,
title = {Endbericht f\"{u}r das Projekt "Fl\"{u}chtlingsmonitoring"},
author = {Hanna Brenzel and Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Lucas Guichard and Tanja Fendel and Philipp Jaschke and Sekou Keita and Yuliya Kosyakova and Parvati Tr\"{u}bswetter and Ehsan Vallizadeh},
url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-62088-4},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-04-02},
address = {Berlin: Bundesministrium f\"{u}r Forschung und Soziales. Forschungsbericht 528},
organization = {Forschungsbericht 528.},
abstract = {The massive influx of refugees to Germany in recent years has confronted politicians and society with the great challenge of promoting effective integration policies with very limited information about the persons concerned. The aim of the present study is to contribute to the public debate and decision- making by providing sound scientific evidence. For this purpose, we use the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees \textendash a representative survey of refugees in Germany, first surveyed in 2016, which is elaborated in chapter 1.. The report begins by describing the variation in the escape routes used by refugees as well as various hurdles (such as time and monetary costs) that refugees encountered on their escape to Germany in chapter 2. Chapter 3 highlights the differences and commonalities of personality traits between refugees, natives and other immigrants. Chapter 4 provides an overview on the skills, competencies and labor market experiences that refugees acquired before their migration to Germany as well as on the possibilities to recognize their foreign educational degrees. Chapter 5 examines the progress in language acquisition and determinants of German language proficiency among refugees. Chapter 6 discusses refugees' values and attitudes, social contacts and experiences of discrimination. The final Chapter figures out the development and determinants of labor market integration of refugees in Germany},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
The massive influx of refugees to Germany in recent years has confronted politicians and society with the great challenge of promoting effective integration policies with very limited information about the persons concerned. The aim of the present study is to contribute to the public debate and decision- making by providing sound scientific evidence. For this purpose, we use the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees – a representative survey of refugees in Germany, first surveyed in 2016, which is elaborated in chapter 1.. The report begins by describing the variation in the escape routes used by refugees as well as various hurdles (such as time and monetary costs) that refugees encountered on their escape to Germany in chapter 2. Chapter 3 highlights the differences and commonalities of personality traits between refugees, natives and other immigrants. Chapter 4 provides an overview on the skills, competencies and labor market experiences that refugees acquired before their migration to Germany as well as on the possibilities to recognize their foreign educational degrees. Chapter 5 examines the progress in language acquisition and determinants of German language proficiency among refugees. Chapter 6 discusses refugees' values and attitudes, social contacts and experiences of discrimination. The final Chapter figures out the development and determinants of labor market integration of refugees in Germany
2018
Yastrebov, Gordey; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kurakin, Dmitry
Slipping Past the Test: Heterogeneous Effects of Social Background in the Context of Inconsistent Selection Mechanisms in Higher Education Journal Article
In: Sociology of Education, vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 224–241, 2018, ISSN: 0038-0407.
@article{Yastrebov2018,
title = {Slipping Past the Test: Heterogeneous Effects of Social Background in the Context of Inconsistent Selection Mechanisms in Higher Education},
author = {Gordey Yastrebov and Yuliya Kosyakova and Dmitry Kurakin},
url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0038040718779087},
doi = {10.1177/0038040718779087},
issn = {0038-0407},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-07-01},
journal = {Sociology of Education},
volume = {91},
number = {3},
pages = {224\textendash241},
abstract = {© 2018, American Sociological Association 2018. In this article, we analyze how the existence of alternative pathways to higher education, which implies different selection mechanisms, shapes social inequality in educational attainment. We focus on the Russian educational system, in which higher education can be accessed from academic and vocational tracks, but the rules of admission to higher education from these tracks are different. Access through the academic track is highly selective due to obligatory high-stakes testing, which determines secondary-school graduates' eligibility to pursue higher education. The vocational track is generally less selective with regard to student intake and provides less restrictive access to higher education. We argue that this system has nuanced implications for social inequality. On one hand, transitions from vocational education to higher education can promote greater social mobility by offering an affordable and low-risk gateway to higher education for children from less-advantaged families. On the other hand, more-advantaged families might use the vocational track to higher education if their children face a high risk of failure in the more selective academic track. We test this conjecture and provide supporting evidence using data from the longitudinal survey Trajectories in Education and Careers.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
© 2018, American Sociological Association 2018. In this article, we analyze how the existence of alternative pathways to higher education, which implies different selection mechanisms, shapes social inequality in educational attainment. We focus on the Russian educational system, in which higher education can be accessed from academic and vocational tracks, but the rules of admission to higher education from these tracks are different. Access through the academic track is highly selective due to obligatory high-stakes testing, which determines secondary-school graduates' eligibility to pursue higher education. The vocational track is generally less selective with regard to student intake and provides less restrictive access to higher education. We argue that this system has nuanced implications for social inequality. On one hand, transitions from vocational education to higher education can promote greater social mobility by offering an affordable and low-risk gateway to higher education for children from less-advantaged families. On the other hand, more-advantaged families might use the vocational track to higher education if their children face a high risk of failure in the more selective academic track. We test this conjecture and provide supporting evidence using data from the longitudinal survey Trajectories in Education and Careers.
Kosyakova, Yuliya
Cumulation or compensation? Returns to adult education and social inequalities in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia Journal Article
In: European Societies, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 65–88, 2018, ISSN: 1461-6696.
@article{Kosyakova2017,
title = {Cumulation or compensation? Returns to adult education and social inequalities in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14616696.2017.1329935},
doi = {10.1080/14616696.2017.1329935},
issn = {1461-6696},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {European Societies},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {65\textendash88},
publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
abstract = {Adult education may mitigate social inequalities during the life course by allowing educationally disadvantaged groups to catch up to their advantaged peers and thereby improve their career prospects. To challenge this idea, I analyze returns to adult education and implications for social inequality in transition economies, particularly in Russia. The results, based on longitudinal data from the Russian Education and Employment Survey, show that adult education either pays off equally for all groups or has a greater benefit for those who already occupy more advantageous positions. Accordingly, adult education does not facilitate mobility among those who need it most to improve their labor market prospects and opportunities. Moreover, in many cases, those who are least advantaged (e.g. lower educated, unskilled) appear to be effectively excluded from any positive payoffs of adult education due to their lower participation. Hence, despite the promise of adult education to lower social inequality, initial social inequalities are not offset but are often amplified through adult education in Russia. ARTICLE},
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}
Adult education may mitigate social inequalities during the life course by allowing educationally disadvantaged groups to catch up to their advantaged peers and thereby improve their career prospects. To challenge this idea, I analyze returns to adult education and implications for social inequality in transition economies, particularly in Russia. The results, based on longitudinal data from the Russian Education and Employment Survey, show that adult education either pays off equally for all groups or has a greater benefit for those who already occupy more advantageous positions. Accordingly, adult education does not facilitate mobility among those who need it most to improve their labor market prospects and opportunities. Moreover, in many cases, those who are least advantaged (e.g. lower educated, unskilled) appear to be effectively excluded from any positive payoffs of adult education due to their lower participation. Hence, despite the promise of adult education to lower social inequality, initial social inequalities are not offset but are often amplified through adult education in Russia. ARTICLE
Blossfeld, Hans-Peter; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kurakin, Dmitry
Gorizontal'naja i vertikal'naja gendernaja segregacija v Rossii na jetape vyhoda na rynok truda v Rossii do i posle raspada Sovetskogo Sojuza Book Chapter
In: Carnoy, M.; Froumin, I.; Karmaeva, N. (Ed.): pp. 310-346, Obrazovanie i social'naja differenciacija, 2018.
@inbook{Blosfeld2018,
title = {Gorizontal'naja i vertikal'naja gendernaja segregacija v Rossii na jetape vyhoda na rynok truda v Rossii do i posle raspada Sovetskogo Sojuza},
author = {Hans-Peter Blossfeld and Yuliya Kosyakova and Dmitry Kurakin},
editor = {M. Carnoy and I. Froumin and N. Karmaeva},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
pages = {310-346},
publisher = {Obrazovanie i social'naja differenciacija},
abstract = {Using retrospective data from the Russian Education and Employment Survey, we examine labour market entry in Russia in terms of changes in horizontal gender segregation and vertical gender inequalities before and after the collapse of the Soviet regime in 1991. Our results provide evidence for horizontal gender segregation across branches of the economy among labour market entrants in Russia, which have been growing since 1991. Moreover, horizontal differences seem to be driving vertical gender inequalities in terms of entry into authoritative positions. Accounting for heterogeneity in education and the entered branch, we find that despite gender equality principles and full-time employment for women, vertical gender inequalities had already existed under the Soviet regime. However, these increased during the liberalization reforms. These growing vertical gender inequalities can be traced back mainly to a worsening of female chances in an economic transition, whereas there was no significant change for male entrants. Furthermore, women seem to be particularly disadvantaged among highly qualified entrants. We conclude that Russian female entrants have not fully converted their educational advantage into occupational opportunities since the transition from socialism to a liberalized market economy.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Using retrospective data from the Russian Education and Employment Survey, we examine labour market entry in Russia in terms of changes in horizontal gender segregation and vertical gender inequalities before and after the collapse of the Soviet regime in 1991. Our results provide evidence for horizontal gender segregation across branches of the economy among labour market entrants in Russia, which have been growing since 1991. Moreover, horizontal differences seem to be driving vertical gender inequalities in terms of entry into authoritative positions. Accounting for heterogeneity in education and the entered branch, we find that despite gender equality principles and full-time employment for women, vertical gender inequalities had already existed under the Soviet regime. However, these increased during the liberalization reforms. These growing vertical gender inequalities can be traced back mainly to a worsening of female chances in an economic transition, whereas there was no significant change for male entrants. Furthermore, women seem to be particularly disadvantaged among highly qualified entrants. We conclude that Russian female entrants have not fully converted their educational advantage into occupational opportunities since the transition from socialism to a liberalized market economy.
2017
Brenzel, Hanna; Brücker, Herbert; Fendel, Tanja; Hauptmann, Andreas; Jaschke, Philipp; Kosyakova, Yuliya
Zur Integration von Geflüchteten Technical Report
IAB-Stellungnahme No. 6/2017. Nürnberg: Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), 2017.
@techreport{nokey,
title = { Zur Integration von Gefl\"{u}chteten},
author = {Hanna Brenzel and Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Tanja Fendel and Andreas Hauptmann and Philipp Jaschke and Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10419/197804},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-12-01},
urldate = {2017-12-01},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg: Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)},
institution = {IAB-Stellungnahme No. 6/2017.},
abstract = {Zur Vorbereitung des Jahresgutachtens 2017/18 des Sachverst\"{a}ndigenrats zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung wurde das IAB um seine Expertise zur Integration der in den letzten Jahren nach Deutschland zugezogenen Gefl\"{u}chteten gebeten. Das IAB \"{a}u\sserte sich im Herbst 2017 zum aktuellen Stand der Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt, betrachtete H\"{u}rden und Fortschritte bei der Integration und ging auf die Auswirkungen der Fluchtzuwanderung auf die Entwicklung der jahresdurchschnittlichen Arbeitslosigkeit 2018 ein. Die Erkenntnisse hierzu werden in der vorliegenden Stellungnahme zusammengefasst.
},
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}
Zur Vorbereitung des Jahresgutachtens 2017/18 des Sachverständigenrats zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung wurde das IAB um seine Expertise zur Integration der in den letzten Jahren nach Deutschland zugezogenen Geflüchteten gebeten. Das IAB äußerte sich im Herbst 2017 zum aktuellen Stand der Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt, betrachtete Hürden und Fortschritte bei der Integration und ging auf die Auswirkungen der Fluchtzuwanderung auf die Entwicklung der jahresdurchschnittlichen Arbeitslosigkeit 2018 ein. Die Erkenntnisse hierzu werden in der vorliegenden Stellungnahme zusammengefasst.
Fendel, Tanja; Kosyakova, Yuliya
Arbeitsmarktintegration ukrainischer Geflüchteter Technical Report
Berlin: Heinrich Böll Stiftung, 2017.
@techreport{nokey,
title = {Arbeitsmarktintegration ukrainischer Gefl\"{u}chteter},
author = {Tanja Fendel and Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {https://heimatkunde.boell.de/de/2022/05/17/arbeitsmarktintegration-ukrainischer-gefluechteter},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-05-17},
address = {Berlin: Heinrich B\"{o}ll Stiftung},
abstract = {Die Ankunft ukrainischer Gefl\"{u}chteter stellt die deutsche Arbeitsmarktpolitik vor neue Herausforderungen. Welche Lehren lassen sich aus der Vergangenheit ziehen? Dr. Tanja Fendel und Dr. Yuliya Kosyakova vom Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung geben Impulse f\"{u}r eine erfolgreiche Arbeitsmarktintegration, die insbesondere die Bed\"{u}rfnisse des gro\ssen Anteils von M\"{u}ttern unter den Gefl\"{u}chteten ber\"{u}cksichtigt.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Die Ankunft ukrainischer Geflüchteter stellt die deutsche Arbeitsmarktpolitik vor neue Herausforderungen. Welche Lehren lassen sich aus der Vergangenheit ziehen? Dr. Tanja Fendel und Dr. Yuliya Kosyakova vom Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung geben Impulse für eine erfolgreiche Arbeitsmarktintegration, die insbesondere die Bedürfnisse des großen Anteils von Müttern unter den Geflüchteten berücksichtigt.
Schupp, Jürgen; Brücker, Herbert; Brenzel, Hanna; Jacobsen, Jannes; Jaworski, Jana; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Liebau, Elisabeth; Pagel, Lisa; Richter, David; Rother, Nina; Schacht, Diana; Scheible, Jana A.; Siegert, Manuel
Bildung, Sprache und kognitive Potenziale Book Section
In: Brücker, Herbert; Rother, Nina; Schupp, Jürgen (Ed.): IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Geflüchteten 2016: Studiendesign, Feldergebnisse sowie Analysen zu schulischer wie beruflicher Qualifikation, Sprachkenntnissen sowie kognitiven Potenzialen., pp. 28–84, IAB, IAB-Forschungsbericht. 13/2017. Nuremberg, 2017.
@incollection{Kosyakova2017b,
title = {Bildung, Sprache und kognitive Potenziale},
author = {J\"{u}rgen Schupp and Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Hanna Brenzel and Jannes Jacobsen and Jana Jaworski and Yuliya Kosyakova and Elisabeth Liebau and Lisa Pagel and David Richter and Nina Rother and Diana Schacht and Jana A. Scheible and Manuel Siegert},
editor = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Nina Rother and J\"{u}rgen Schupp},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10419/176772},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Gefl\"{u}chteten 2016: Studiendesign, Feldergebnisse sowie Analysen zu schulischer wie beruflicher Qualifikation, Sprachkenntnissen sowie kognitiven Potenzialen.},
pages = {28\textendash84},
publisher = {IAB},
address = {IAB-Forschungsbericht. 13/2017. Nuremberg},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {incollection}
}
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Saar, Ellu; Dämmrich, Johanna
Institutional Change and Gender Inequalities at Labour Market Entry: A Comparison of Estonia , Russia , and East and West Germany Journal Article
In: Studies of Transition States and Societies, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 17–40, 2017, ISSN: 17368758.
@article{Kosyakova2017c,
title = {Institutional Change and Gender Inequalities at Labour Market Entry: A Comparison of Estonia , Russia , and East and West Germany},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Ellu Saar and Johanna D\"{a}mmrich},
url = {http://publications.tlu.ee/index.php/stss/article/view/505},
issn = {17368758},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Studies of Transition States and Societies},
volume = {9},
number = {2},
pages = {17\textendash40},
abstract = {Our study investigates how gender inequalities in job opportunities evolved during communist and post-communist times in former state-socialist countries. Theoretical arguments (mainly based on studies referring to Western countries) led to the expectation of a surge in gender inequalities in these countries after the collapse of communism. Empirically, we explore the gender gap in job authority upon labour market entry by using life-history data from Russia, Estonia, and East Germany, with West Germany serving as a control case. The selection of countries was motivated primarily by the availability of rich life-history data, covering four decades of (post-) state socialism but also by divergences in institutional set-ups in the course of transition from state socialism to a liberalised market economy. Our findings yield four major results. First, accounting for education and the branch of economy, women were not disadvantaged during Soviet times; instead, we have even found evidence of a slight female advantage in Estonia and East Germany. Thus, our findings mirror the communist regime's effectiveness in equalising women's and men's opportunities at work. Second, in the precollapse decade, the advantage of women in terms of job authority decreased in East Germany and Estonia, whereas in Russia, women fell behind men. Third, with the Soviet Union collapse, a remarkable female disadvantage emerged in all formerly state socialist countries under scrutiny. In addition, we observe a growing gender gap in West Germany in the same period. The latter result strengthens the conclusion that times of economic liberalisation may go hand-in-hand with increasing gender inequalities.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Our study investigates how gender inequalities in job opportunities evolved during communist and post-communist times in former state-socialist countries. Theoretical arguments (mainly based on studies referring to Western countries) led to the expectation of a surge in gender inequalities in these countries after the collapse of communism. Empirically, we explore the gender gap in job authority upon labour market entry by using life-history data from Russia, Estonia, and East Germany, with West Germany serving as a control case. The selection of countries was motivated primarily by the availability of rich life-history data, covering four decades of (post-) state socialism but also by divergences in institutional set-ups in the course of transition from state socialism to a liberalised market economy. Our findings yield four major results. First, accounting for education and the branch of economy, women were not disadvantaged during Soviet times; instead, we have even found evidence of a slight female advantage in Estonia and East Germany. Thus, our findings mirror the communist regime's effectiveness in equalising women's and men's opportunities at work. Second, in the precollapse decade, the advantage of women in terms of job authority decreased in East Germany and Estonia, whereas in Russia, women fell behind men. Third, with the Soviet Union collapse, a remarkable female disadvantage emerged in all formerly state socialist countries under scrutiny. In addition, we observe a growing gender gap in West Germany in the same period. The latter result strengthens the conclusion that times of economic liberalisation may go hand-in-hand with increasing gender inequalities.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Sirries, Steffen
Large-Scale Immigration and Labour Market Integration: First Lessons from the Recent Past in Germany Journal Article
In: Intereconomics, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 263–269, 2017, ISSN: 1613964X.
@article{Kosyakova2017a,
title = {Large-Scale Immigration and Labour Market Integration: First Lessons from the Recent Past in Germany},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Steffen Sirries},
url = {https://www.intereconomics.eu/contents/year/2017/number/5/article/large-scale-immigration-and-labour-market-integration-first-lessons-from-the-recent-past-in-germany.html},
doi = {10.1007/s10272-017-0688-1},
issn = {1613964X},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Intereconomics},
volume = {52},
number = {5},
pages = {263\textendash269},
abstract = {Over the last decade, Germany has become one of the major developed destination countries for immigrants. In addition to the medium-term trend with respect to regular immigration, the total number of immigrants in recent years has been heavily dominated by the immigration of refugees from countries suffering from tremendous conflicts and violations of human rights. As a result, the immigration numbers reached a historical peak in 2015-16 with a gross immigration flow of around 2 million people (1.1 million net), mainly driven by the arrival of 890,000 refugees and asylum seekers in 2015 and another 280,000 in 2016.1 These numbers equate to more than 50,000 regular first-time asylum applications per month between October 2015 and September 2016.2 Over this period, Germany was confronted with an administrative management crisis resulting in prolonged asylum procedures. This was tackled with several bureaucratic and political reforms with respect to the asylum system. With a sharp drop in monthly asylum applications since September 2016 and a recovery from the initial admission difficulties, the public and political debate has changed its focus. Although humanitarian reasons are by definition the most important consideration for refugee intake,3 comprehensive societal integration under potential economic constraints is of the utmost interest now. The main emphasis of German immigration policy became the fast and sustainable integration of the newly arrived into the German labour market, as this is seen as a successful way to reach the goal of societal integration.
In contrast to other labour market indicators, the available information, specifically on the performance of recently arrived refugees, is sparse. Specific monitoring in administrative statistics or the inclusion of a separate indicator for refugees in register data (e.g. at the level of the federal employment agency) has not been a common practice in Germany. This article relies on novel representative data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees. The survey is an exception to the lack of reliable data regarding individuals who immigrated to Germany in the recent past, and it therefore serves as a highly important source of information.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Over the last decade, Germany has become one of the major developed destination countries for immigrants. In addition to the medium-term trend with respect to regular immigration, the total number of immigrants in recent years has been heavily dominated by the immigration of refugees from countries suffering from tremendous conflicts and violations of human rights. As a result, the immigration numbers reached a historical peak in 2015-16 with a gross immigration flow of around 2 million people (1.1 million net), mainly driven by the arrival of 890,000 refugees and asylum seekers in 2015 and another 280,000 in 2016.1 These numbers equate to more than 50,000 regular first-time asylum applications per month between October 2015 and September 2016.2 Over this period, Germany was confronted with an administrative management crisis resulting in prolonged asylum procedures. This was tackled with several bureaucratic and political reforms with respect to the asylum system. With a sharp drop in monthly asylum applications since September 2016 and a recovery from the initial admission difficulties, the public and political debate has changed its focus. Although humanitarian reasons are by definition the most important consideration for refugee intake,3 comprehensive societal integration under potential economic constraints is of the utmost interest now. The main emphasis of German immigration policy became the fast and sustainable integration of the newly arrived into the German labour market, as this is seen as a successful way to reach the goal of societal integration.
In contrast to other labour market indicators, the available information, specifically on the performance of recently arrived refugees, is sparse. Specific monitoring in administrative statistics or the inclusion of a separate indicator for refugees in register data (e.g. at the level of the federal employment agency) has not been a common practice in Germany. This article relies on novel representative data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees. The survey is an exception to the lack of reliable data regarding individuals who immigrated to Germany in the recent past, and it therefore serves as a highly important source of information.
In contrast to other labour market indicators, the available information, specifically on the performance of recently arrived refugees, is sparse. Specific monitoring in administrative statistics or the inclusion of a separate indicator for refugees in register data (e.g. at the level of the federal employment agency) has not been a common practice in Germany. This article relies on novel representative data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees. The survey is an exception to the lack of reliable data regarding individuals who immigrated to Germany in the recent past, and it therefore serves as a highly important source of information.
Fendel, Tanja; Kosyakova, Yuliya
Ökonomische und soziale Integration von Geflüchteten in Deutschland. Mögliche Lehren aus vergangenen Erfahrungen Journal Article
In: Geographische Rundschau, vol. 3, pp. 30–37, 2017.
@article{Fendel2017,
title = {\"{O}konomische und soziale Integration von Gefl\"{u}chteten in Deutschland. M\"{o}gliche Lehren aus vergangenen Erfahrungen},
author = {Tanja Fendel and Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {https://www.westermann.de/anlage/4589180/Oekonomische-und-soziale-Integration-von-Gefluechteten-in-Deutschland-Moegliche-Lehren-aus-vergangenen-Erfahrungen},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Geographische Rundschau},
volume = {3},
pages = {30\textendash37},
abstract = {Angesichts des starken Anstiegs der Zuwanderung von Fl\"{u}chtlingen nach Deutschland seit 2015 stellt die Integration der Gefl\"{u}chteten in Gesellschaft und Arbeitsmarkt eine gro\sse Herausforderung dar. Eine gelungene Integration f\"{u}hrt nicht nur zu einer Begrenzung \"{o}ffentlicher Ausgaben. Dar\"{u}ber hinaus f\"{u}hrt das Aussch\"{o}pfen der Potenziale der Fl\"{u}chtlinge, gerade vor dem Hintergrund des demographischen Wandels, auch zu langfristigen positiven Effekten. Der Beitrag pr\"{a}sentiert Ergebnisse zur bisherigen \"{o}konomischen und sozialen Integration von Fl\"{u}chtlingen, die bereits vor l\"{a}ngerer Zeit nach Deutschland zugezogen sind.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Angesichts des starken Anstiegs der Zuwanderung von Flüchtlingen nach Deutschland seit 2015 stellt die Integration der Geflüchteten in Gesellschaft und Arbeitsmarkt eine große Herausforderung dar. Eine gelungene Integration führt nicht nur zu einer Begrenzung öffentlicher Ausgaben. Darüber hinaus führt das Ausschöpfen der Potenziale der Flüchtlinge, gerade vor dem Hintergrund des demographischen Wandels, auch zu langfristigen positiven Effekten. Der Beitrag präsentiert Ergebnisse zur bisherigen ökonomischen und sozialen Integration von Flüchtlingen, die bereits vor längerer Zeit nach Deutschland zugezogen sind.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Yastrebov, Gordey
Early education and care in post-Soviet Russia: Social policy and inequality patterns Book Section
In: Blossfeld, Hans-Peter; Kulic, Nevena; Skopek, Jan; Triventi, Moris (Ed.): Childcare, Early Education and Social Inequality, pp. 49–66, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK/Northampton, MA, USA, 2017.
@incollection{Kosyakovaa,
title = {Early education and care in post-Soviet Russia: Social policy and inequality patterns},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Gordey Yastrebov},
editor = {Hans-Peter Blossfeld and Nevena Kulic and Jan Skopek and Moris Triventi},
url = {https://www.elgaronline.com/view/9781786432087.00011.xml},
doi = {10.4337/9781786432094.00011},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {Childcare, Early Education and Social Inequality},
pages = {49\textendash66},
publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
address = {Cheltenham, UK/Northampton, MA, USA},
chapter = {3},
abstract = {This chapter explores changes in the relationship between social inequality and the use of childcare arrangements in Russia between 1994 and 2012. These changes are evaluated against changes in the context surrounding the system of childcare provision throughout the post-Soviet period. In particular, we consider the following changes: increasing household competition for state-subsidized childcare provision and its differentiation, the adoption of neo-familialist social policies in the 2000s, and the growing relevance of informal relations in securing access to formal childcare services. To empirically investigate the changes in the use of childcare arrangements by different types of families we rely on data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (1994\textendash2012). We find that families with higher social standing are more likely to participate in formal public childcare, although inequality in access has slightly decreased in the 2000s. On the other hand, inequality increased with regard to expenditure on external childcare, which suggests that more advantaged families switched to different forms of childcare. This is partly corroborated by the fact that these families use formal public childcare less intensively, possibly by exposing their children to other types of childcare. Social inequalities also exist in informal childcare arrangements; whereas more advantaged families generally make wider use of these arrangements, they are less likely to limit themselves to exclusive parental care, which is more widely spread in the less advantaged families. The patterns of informal childcare remained largely unchanged throughout the period considered.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {incollection}
}
This chapter explores changes in the relationship between social inequality and the use of childcare arrangements in Russia between 1994 and 2012. These changes are evaluated against changes in the context surrounding the system of childcare provision throughout the post-Soviet period. In particular, we consider the following changes: increasing household competition for state-subsidized childcare provision and its differentiation, the adoption of neo-familialist social policies in the 2000s, and the growing relevance of informal relations in securing access to formal childcare services. To empirically investigate the changes in the use of childcare arrangements by different types of families we rely on data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (1994–2012). We find that families with higher social standing are more likely to participate in formal public childcare, although inequality in access has slightly decreased in the 2000s. On the other hand, inequality increased with regard to expenditure on external childcare, which suggests that more advantaged families switched to different forms of childcare. This is partly corroborated by the fact that these families use formal public childcare less intensively, possibly by exposing their children to other types of childcare. Social inequalities also exist in informal childcare arrangements; whereas more advantaged families generally make wider use of these arrangements, they are less likely to limit themselves to exclusive parental care, which is more widely spread in the less advantaged families. The patterns of informal childcare remained largely unchanged throughout the period considered.
2016
von Gostomski, Christian Babka; Böhm, Axel; Brücker, Herbert; Fendel, Tanja; Friedrich, Martin; Giesselmann, Marco; Holst, Elke; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kroh, Martin; Liebau, Elisabeth; Richter, David; Romiti, Agnese; Rother, Nina; Schacht, Diana; Scheible, Jana A.; Schmelzer, Paul; Schupp, Jürgen; Siegert, Manuel; Sirries, Steffen; Trübswetter, Parvati; Vallizadeh, Ehsan
IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Geflüchteten: Überblick und erste Ergebnisse Technical Report
IAB-Forschungsbericht, No. 14/2016 Nürnberg: Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), 2016.
@techreport{BabkavonGostomski2016,
title = {IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Gefl\"{u}chteten: \"{U}berblick und erste Ergebnisse},
author = {Christian Babka von Gostomski and Axel B\"{o}hm and Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Tanja Fendel and Martin Friedrich and Marco Giesselmann and Elke Holst and Yuliya Kosyakova and Martin Kroh and Elisabeth Liebau and David Richter and Agnese Romiti and Nina Rother and Diana Schacht and Jana A. Scheible and Paul Schmelzer and J\"{u}rgen Schupp and Manuel Siegert and Steffen Sirries and Parvati Tr\"{u}bswetter and Ehsan Vallizadeh},
editor = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Nina Rother and J\"{u}rgen Schupp},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10419/149618},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-11-15},
urldate = {2016-11-15},
journal = {IAB Forschungsbericht},
publisher = {IAB},
address = {N\"{u}rnberg: Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)},
institution = {IAB-Forschungsbericht, No. 14/2016},
abstract = {Die Befragung: Die IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Gefl\"{u}chteten ist eine j\"{a}hrliche Wiederholungsbefragung, die im L\"{a}ngsschnitt rund 4.500 Gefl\"{u}chtete befragt. Im ersten Teil wurden 2016 2.349 Gefl\"{u}chtete interviewt, die in 1.766 Haushalten leben. Der zweite Teil der Befragung ist bis Dezember 2016 noch im Feld und wird den Umfang der Stichprobe in etwa verdoppeln. Befragt werden Gefl\"{u}chtete, die vom 1. Januar 2013 bis zum 31. Januar 2016 in Deutschland eingereist sind und einen Asylantrag gestellt haben, sowie ihre Haushaltsmitglieder. Befragt wurden in der ersten Welle nur erwachsene Personen (18 Jahre und \"{a}lter). Alle in diesem Bericht vorgestellten Ergebnisse beruhen auf dem ersten Teil der Befragung. Ursachen, Dauer, Kosten und Risiken der Flucht: Die gro\sse Mehrheit der Befragten gibt Angst vor Krieg und Gewalt (70%), Verfolgung (44%) und Zwangsrekrutierung (36%) als wichtigste Fluchtursachen an, teilweise in Verbindung mit prek\"{a}ren pers\"{o}nlichen Lebensverh\"{a}ltnissen (39%). Etwa 60 Prozent der Gefl\"{u}chteten sind direkt nach Deutschland gezogen, 40 Prozent \"{u}ber Transitl\"{a}nder1. Ausschlaggebend f\"{u}r den Wegzug aus Transitl\"{a}ndern waren prek\"{a}re Lebensverh\"{a}ltnisse, Diskriminierung, Vertreibung und Verfolgung. Die meisten Gefl\"{u}chteten geben die Achtung der Menschenrechte als wichtigsten Zuzugsgrund nach Deutschland an (73%), gefolgt vom Bildungssystem (43%) und dem Willkommensgef\"{u}hl (42%). Etwa ein Viertel nennt die Wirtschaftskraft Deutschlands. Im Durchschnitt wendeten die Gefl\"{u}chteten gut 7.000 EURO pro Person f\"{u}r die Flucht nach Deutschland auf, im Median 5.000 EURO. Auf der Flucht waren viele Gefl\"{u}chtete erheblichen Risiken f\"{u}r ihre Gesundheit und ihr Leben ausgesetzt. Ein Viertel gibt an, Opfer von Schiffbruch, zwei F\"{u}nftel Opfer von Gewalt geworden zu sein. Die Dauer der Flucht aus dem Herkunftsland wird im Durchschnitt mit gut 40 Tagen angeben. Kosten und Dauer der Flucht sind im Zeitverlauf gesunken. Asylverfahren und Bleibeabsichten: Die durchschnittliche Dauer vom Stellen des Asylantrags bis zur beh\"{o}rdlichen Entscheidung dauerte bei den Befragten, deren Asylverfahren abgeschlossen war, sieben Monate, wobei diese Periode im Zeitverlauf deutlich gesunken ist. Die Befragten, \"{u}ber deren Asylantr\"{a}ge noch nicht entschieden wurde, befanden sich im Durchschnitt bereits 15 Monate in den Asylverfahren. Eine Sch\"{a}tzung der Verfahrensdauer ab Antragstellung zeigt einen deutlichen R\"{u}ckgang im Zeitverlauf: Waren 2013 im Durchschnitt nach zehn Monaten weniger als ein F\"{u}nftel der Asylantr\"{a}ge entschieden, so stieg dieser Anteil 2015 auf ein Drittel und 2016 auf gut zwei F\"{u}nftel. Rund 90 Prozent der Befragten wollen dauerhaft in Deutschland bleiben. Qualifikation und Bildungsaspirationen 58 Prozent der erwachsenen Gefl\"{u}chteten haben zehn Schuljahre und mehr in Schulen und Hochschulen sowie beruflicher Bildung verbracht, im Vergleich zu 88 Prozent der deutschen Wohnbev\"{o}lkerung. Die Allgemeinbildung der Gefl\"{u}chteten ist stark polarisiert: 37 Prozent der Gefl\"{u}chteten haben weiterf\"{u}hrende Schulen besucht und 32 Prozent abgeschlossen, 31 Mittelschulen besucht und 22 Prozent abgeschlossen. 5 Prozent haben sonstige Schulen besucht. Auf der anderen Seite des Qualifikationsspektrums haben 10 Prozent Grundschulen, 9 Prozent gar keine Schule besucht. 19 Prozent der erwachsenen Gefl\"{u}chteten haben eine Universit\"{a}t oder Hochschule besucht, 13 Prozent einen Hochschulabschluss erworben. 12 Prozent ha en eine Ausbildung entweder im Betrieb oder anderen berufsbildenden Einrichtungen gemacht, 6 Prozent davon abgeschossen. 46 Prozent der Befragten wollen noch einen Schulabschluss, 66 Prozent noch einen Hochschul- oder berufsbildenden Abschluss in Deutschland erwerben. Bei den Bestrebungen Bildungsabschl\"{u}sse zu erwerben treten kleine Unterschiede zwischen M\"{a}nnern und Frauen auf, die allerdings verschwinden, wenn f\"{u}r Kinder kontrolliert wird. Sprachkompetenz: 90 Prozent der Gefl\"{u}chteten hatten beim Zuzug keine Deutschkenntnisse, allerdings steigt das Niveau der Sprachkenntnisse nach Selbsteinsch\"{a}tzung der Befragten vergleichsweise schnell im Zeitverlauf. Unter den Befragten, die sich zwei Jahre und weniger in Deutschland aufhielten, gaben 18 Prozent an, zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung \"{u}ber gute oder sehr gute Deutschkenntnisse zu verf\"{u}gen, 35 Prozent \"{u}ber mittlere und 47 Prozent \"{u}ber schlechte. Berufserfahrung, Arbeitsmarktintegration und Erwerbsaspirationen: 73 Prozent der befragten Gefl\"{u}chteten (M\"{a}nner: 81%, Frauen: 50%) im Alter von 18 bis 65 Jahren haben vor dem Zuzug nach Deutschland Berufserfahrungen gesammelt, im Durchschnitt 6,4 Jahre. Davon waren 30 Prozent als Arbeiter, 25 Prozent als Angestellte ohne F\"{u}hrungsposition, 13 Prozent als Angestellte mit F\"{u}hrungsposition und 27 Prozent als Selbst\"{a}ndige t\"{a}tig. In Deutschland waren im Durchschnitt der Stichprobe zum Befragungszeitpunkt 14 Prozent der Befragten als Vollzeit- und Teilzeitkr\"{a}fte, Selbst\"{a}ndige, Auszubildende oder Praktikanten erwerbst\"{a}tig. Unter den 2015 und 2016 zugezogenen Gefl\"{u}chteten waren 13 Prozent, unter den 2014 zugezogenen 22 Prozent und unter den 2013 und vorher zugezogenen 31 Prozent erwerbst\"{a}tig. In der Gruppe der nichterwerbst\"{a}tigen Gefl\"{u}chteten geben 78 Prozent an, "ganz sicher" arbeiten zu wollen, weitere 15 Prozent "wahrscheinlich". 97 Prozent der M\"{a}nner und 87 Prozent der Frauen wollen "sicher" oder "wahrscheinlich" einer Erwerbst\"{a}tigkeit nachgehen. Sprachprogramme, andere Integrationsma\ssnahmen und Arbeitsvermittlung Rund ein Drittel der Befragten gab zum Befragungszeitpunkt an, an den Integrationskursen des BAMF teilgenommen zu haben, 5 Prozent an den berufsbezogenen ESF-BAMF-Sprachkursen und 8 Prozent an den BA-Einstiegskursen oder anderen BA-Sprachprogrammen, 38 Prozent an anderen Sprachkursen. Rund ein Drittel hat bisher an keinen Sprachprogrammen teilgenommen oder teilnehmen k\"{o}nnen. Erste Sch\"{a}tzungen zeigen, dass ein signifikant positiver Zusammenhang zwischen dem Abschluss von Integrationskursen des BAMF, ESF-BAMF-Sprachkursen und den Sprachprogrammen der BA und der Aufnahme einer Erwerbst\"{a}tigkeit besteht, wobei die Effekte der ESF-BAMF-Sprachprogramme am st\"{a}rksten ausfallen. Die Ergebnisse sind als Korrelationen, nicht kausal zu interpretieren. Auch der Abschluss des Programms "Perspektiven f\"{u}r Fl\"{u}chtlinge" und die Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsberatung der BA bzw. der Jobcenter sind statistisch signifikant und positiv mit der Aufnahme einer Erwerbst\"{a}tigkeit korreliert. 22 Prozent der Befragten haben nach eigenen Angaben die Berufsberatung der BA, 19 Prozent die Berufsberatung eines Jobcenters in Anspruch genommen. Weiteren 20 bzw. 19 Prozent waren diese Angebote bekannt. Rund ein F\"{u}nftel der Gefl\"{u}chteten gibt an, bei der Arbeitssuche Hilfe ben\"{o}tigt und erhalten zu haben; zwei F\"{u}nftel sagen, dass sie Hilfe ben\"{o}tigt, aber keine erhalten h\"{a}tten. Unter den Gefl\"{u}chteten, die bereits einer Erwerbst\"{a}tigkeit in Deutschland nachgegangen sind, geben 42 Prozent an, ihre erste Stelle durch Familienangeh\"{o}rige, Freunde und Bekannte gefunden zu haben, im Vergleich zu 55 Prozent bei anderen Migrantengruppen. Gefl\"{u}chtete ohne Berufs- und Hochschulabschl\"{u}sse finden \"{u}berdurchschnittlich h\"{a}ufig ihre erste Stelle durch pers\"{o}nliche Kontakte (60%), w\"{a}hrend dies Personen mit Berufs- oder Hochschulabschluss h\"{a}ufiger \"{u}ber die Arbeitsagenturen und Jobcenter (33%) sowie \"{u}ber Zeitungen und Internet (10%) gelingt. Einstellungen zur Demokratie: Die Gefl\"{u}chteten zeigen in der Befragung eine hohe \"{U}bereinstimmung mit der deutschen Bev\"{o}lkerung bei der Zustimmung zu demokratischen Grundwerten und unterscheiden sich teilweise von Befragten im arabischen Raum und anderen Herkunftsregionen. 2 96 Prozent der Gefl\"{u}chteten (Deutsche Bev\"{o}lkerung: 95%, Bev\"{o}lkerung der Herkunftsregionen: 91%) halten die Demokratie f\"{u}r die beste Staatsform, 96 Prozent der Gefl\"{u}chteten halten freie Wahlen (Deutsche: 91%, Herkunftsregionen: 89%) und 93 Prozent den Schutz von B\"{u}rgerrechten (Deutsche: 83%, Herkunftsregionen: 80%) f\"{u}r elementare Bestandteile von Demokratien. Zwar stimmen 21 Prozent der Gefl\"{u}chteten der Aussage zu, dass man einen starken F\"{u}hrer braucht, der sich nicht um einen Parlament und freie Wahlen k\"{u}mmern muss, aber das trifft auch auf 22 Prozent der deutschen Bev\"{o}lkerung und 46 Prozent der Bev\"{o}lkerung der Herkunftsregionen zu. 13 Prozent der Gefl\"{u}chteten sind schlie\sslich der Auffassung, dass Religionsf\"{u}hrer \"{u}ber die Auslegung der Gesetze entscheiden sollten, im Vergleich zu 8 Prozent in der deutschen Bev\"{o}lkerung und 55 Prozent der Bev\"{o}lkerungen der Herkunftsl\"{a}nder. Einstellungen zur Gleichberechtigung von Mann und Frau: 92 Prozent der Gefl\"{u}chteten (Deutsche: 92%, Herkunftsregionen: 67%) sind der Auffassung, dass gleiche Rechte von Frauen und M\"{a}nnern zur Demokratie geh\"{o}ren. 86 Prozent der Gefl\"{u}chteten, aber nur 71 Prozent der Deutschen sind der Auffassung, dass eine Arbeit zu haben der beste Weg f\"{u}r eine Frau ist, unabh\"{a}ngig zu sein. 29 Prozent der Gefl\"{u}chteten, aber nur 19 Prozent der Deutschen, stimmen der Aussage zu, dass es zwangsl\"{a}ufig zu Problemen f\"{u}hrt, wenn eine Frau mehr als ihr Partner verdient. 18 Prozent der Gefl\"{u}chteten und 16 Prozent der Deutschen sind der Auffassung, dass f\"{u}r die Eltern die Ausbildung oder Hochschulbildung der S\"{o}hne wichtiger sein sollte als die der T\"{o}chter. Wohlbefinden und Gesundheit: Die Gefl\"{u}chteten weisen eine mit der deutschen Bev\"{o}lkerung vergleichbare Lebenszufriedenheit auf. Die Zufriedenheit mit dem Gesundheitszustand ist h\"{o}her als in der deutschen Bev\"{o}lkerung. Diese Ergebnisse sind allerdings auch auf das niedrigere Durchschnittsalter zur\"{u}ckzuf\"{u}hren. Schlie\sslich berichten Gefl\"{u}chtete h\"{a}ufiger als die deutsche Bev\"{o}lkerung \"{u}ber Einsamkeit und Depressionen, was sowohl in Zusammenhang mit den Kriegs- und Fluchterfahrungen, als auch der Lebenssituation in Deutschland stehen kann. Pers\"{o}nlichkeitsmerkmale der Gefl\"{u}chteten: Die Gefl\"{u}chteten verf\"{u}gen \"{u}ber ein h\"{o}heres Selbstwertgef\"{u}hl als Deutsche ohne Migrationshintergrund und andere Migrantengruppen. Die Risikobereitschaft ist nicht h\"{o}her ausgepr\"{a}gt als bei diesen beiden Vergleichsgruppen. Daf\"{u}r ist die positive Reziprozit\"{a}t, also die Bereitschaft einen Gefallen zu erwidern, st\"{a}rker, die negative Reziprozit\"{a}t, also die Neigung sich f\"{u}r erlittenes Unrecht zu r\"{a}chen, schw\"{a}cher. Kontroll\"{u}berzeugungen, also die \"{U}berzeugung selbst \"{u}ber sein Schicksal bestimmen zu k\"{o}nnen, sind schw\"{a}cher als in der deutschen Bev\"{o}lkerung ohne Migrationshintergrund oder anderen Migrantengruppen ausgepr\"{a}gt. Soziale Kontakte, Diskriminierung und Willkommensgef\"{u}hl: Die Gefl\"{u}chteten geben an, dass sie im Mittel seit ihrer Ankunft drei neue Kontakte zu Deutschen und f\"{u}nf neue Kontakte zu Personen aus den Herkunftsl\"{a}ndern gekn\"{u}pft haben. 60 Prozent haben h\"{a}ufig, d.h. mindestens einmal die Woche, Kontakte zu Deutschen. Die Kontaktintensit\"{a}t zu Deutschen ist bei einer dezentralen Unterbringung h\"{o}her als bei einer Unterbringung in Gemeinschaftsunterk\"{u}nften und in kleinen Kommunen gr\"{o}\sser als in gro\ssen Kommunen. 10 Prozent der Gefl\"{u}chteten berichten, dass sie h\"{a}ufig wegen ihrer Herkunft benachteiligt wurden, weitere 36 Prozent selten. Gefl\"{u}chtete berichten damit h\"{a}ufiger von Diskriminierung als andere Migrantengruppen (32 Prozent). 65 Prozent der 2015 zugezogenen Gefl\"{u}chteten haben sich bei ihrer Ankunft in Deutschland vollkommen, und weitere 23 Prozent \"{u}berwiegend willkommen gef\"{u}hlt. Zum Befragungszeitpunkt f\"{u}hlten sich in dieser Kohorte noch 56 Prozent vollkommen, und 28 Prozent \"{u}berwiegend willkommen.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Die Befragung: Die IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Geflüchteten ist eine jährliche Wiederholungsbefragung, die im Längsschnitt rund 4.500 Geflüchtete befragt. Im ersten Teil wurden 2016 2.349 Geflüchtete interviewt, die in 1.766 Haushalten leben. Der zweite Teil der Befragung ist bis Dezember 2016 noch im Feld und wird den Umfang der Stichprobe in etwa verdoppeln. Befragt werden Geflüchtete, die vom 1. Januar 2013 bis zum 31. Januar 2016 in Deutschland eingereist sind und einen Asylantrag gestellt haben, sowie ihre Haushaltsmitglieder. Befragt wurden in der ersten Welle nur erwachsene Personen (18 Jahre und älter). Alle in diesem Bericht vorgestellten Ergebnisse beruhen auf dem ersten Teil der Befragung. Ursachen, Dauer, Kosten und Risiken der Flucht: Die große Mehrheit der Befragten gibt Angst vor Krieg und Gewalt (70%), Verfolgung (44%) und Zwangsrekrutierung (36%) als wichtigste Fluchtursachen an, teilweise in Verbindung mit prekären persönlichen Lebensverhältnissen (39%). Etwa 60 Prozent der Geflüchteten sind direkt nach Deutschland gezogen, 40 Prozent über Transitländer1. Ausschlaggebend für den Wegzug aus Transitländern waren prekäre Lebensverhältnisse, Diskriminierung, Vertreibung und Verfolgung. Die meisten Geflüchteten geben die Achtung der Menschenrechte als wichtigsten Zuzugsgrund nach Deutschland an (73%), gefolgt vom Bildungssystem (43%) und dem Willkommensgefühl (42%). Etwa ein Viertel nennt die Wirtschaftskraft Deutschlands. Im Durchschnitt wendeten die Geflüchteten gut 7.000 EURO pro Person für die Flucht nach Deutschland auf, im Median 5.000 EURO. Auf der Flucht waren viele Geflüchtete erheblichen Risiken für ihre Gesundheit und ihr Leben ausgesetzt. Ein Viertel gibt an, Opfer von Schiffbruch, zwei Fünftel Opfer von Gewalt geworden zu sein. Die Dauer der Flucht aus dem Herkunftsland wird im Durchschnitt mit gut 40 Tagen angeben. Kosten und Dauer der Flucht sind im Zeitverlauf gesunken. Asylverfahren und Bleibeabsichten: Die durchschnittliche Dauer vom Stellen des Asylantrags bis zur behördlichen Entscheidung dauerte bei den Befragten, deren Asylverfahren abgeschlossen war, sieben Monate, wobei diese Periode im Zeitverlauf deutlich gesunken ist. Die Befragten, über deren Asylanträge noch nicht entschieden wurde, befanden sich im Durchschnitt bereits 15 Monate in den Asylverfahren. Eine Schätzung der Verfahrensdauer ab Antragstellung zeigt einen deutlichen Rückgang im Zeitverlauf: Waren 2013 im Durchschnitt nach zehn Monaten weniger als ein Fünftel der Asylanträge entschieden, so stieg dieser Anteil 2015 auf ein Drittel und 2016 auf gut zwei Fünftel. Rund 90 Prozent der Befragten wollen dauerhaft in Deutschland bleiben. Qualifikation und Bildungsaspirationen 58 Prozent der erwachsenen Geflüchteten haben zehn Schuljahre und mehr in Schulen und Hochschulen sowie beruflicher Bildung verbracht, im Vergleich zu 88 Prozent der deutschen Wohnbevölkerung. Die Allgemeinbildung der Geflüchteten ist stark polarisiert: 37 Prozent der Geflüchteten haben weiterführende Schulen besucht und 32 Prozent abgeschlossen, 31 Mittelschulen besucht und 22 Prozent abgeschlossen. 5 Prozent haben sonstige Schulen besucht. Auf der anderen Seite des Qualifikationsspektrums haben 10 Prozent Grundschulen, 9 Prozent gar keine Schule besucht. 19 Prozent der erwachsenen Geflüchteten haben eine Universität oder Hochschule besucht, 13 Prozent einen Hochschulabschluss erworben. 12 Prozent ha en eine Ausbildung entweder im Betrieb oder anderen berufsbildenden Einrichtungen gemacht, 6 Prozent davon abgeschossen. 46 Prozent der Befragten wollen noch einen Schulabschluss, 66 Prozent noch einen Hochschul- oder berufsbildenden Abschluss in Deutschland erwerben. Bei den Bestrebungen Bildungsabschlüsse zu erwerben treten kleine Unterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen auf, die allerdings verschwinden, wenn für Kinder kontrolliert wird. Sprachkompetenz: 90 Prozent der Geflüchteten hatten beim Zuzug keine Deutschkenntnisse, allerdings steigt das Niveau der Sprachkenntnisse nach Selbsteinschätzung der Befragten vergleichsweise schnell im Zeitverlauf. Unter den Befragten, die sich zwei Jahre und weniger in Deutschland aufhielten, gaben 18 Prozent an, zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung über gute oder sehr gute Deutschkenntnisse zu verfügen, 35 Prozent über mittlere und 47 Prozent über schlechte. Berufserfahrung, Arbeitsmarktintegration und Erwerbsaspirationen: 73 Prozent der befragten Geflüchteten (Männer: 81%, Frauen: 50%) im Alter von 18 bis 65 Jahren haben vor dem Zuzug nach Deutschland Berufserfahrungen gesammelt, im Durchschnitt 6,4 Jahre. Davon waren 30 Prozent als Arbeiter, 25 Prozent als Angestellte ohne Führungsposition, 13 Prozent als Angestellte mit Führungsposition und 27 Prozent als Selbständige tätig. In Deutschland waren im Durchschnitt der Stichprobe zum Befragungszeitpunkt 14 Prozent der Befragten als Vollzeit- und Teilzeitkräfte, Selbständige, Auszubildende oder Praktikanten erwerbstätig. Unter den 2015 und 2016 zugezogenen Geflüchteten waren 13 Prozent, unter den 2014 zugezogenen 22 Prozent und unter den 2013 und vorher zugezogenen 31 Prozent erwerbstätig. In der Gruppe der nichterwerbstätigen Geflüchteten geben 78 Prozent an, "ganz sicher" arbeiten zu wollen, weitere 15 Prozent "wahrscheinlich". 97 Prozent der Männer und 87 Prozent der Frauen wollen "sicher" oder "wahrscheinlich" einer Erwerbstätigkeit nachgehen. Sprachprogramme, andere Integrationsmaßnahmen und Arbeitsvermittlung Rund ein Drittel der Befragten gab zum Befragungszeitpunkt an, an den Integrationskursen des BAMF teilgenommen zu haben, 5 Prozent an den berufsbezogenen ESF-BAMF-Sprachkursen und 8 Prozent an den BA-Einstiegskursen oder anderen BA-Sprachprogrammen, 38 Prozent an anderen Sprachkursen. Rund ein Drittel hat bisher an keinen Sprachprogrammen teilgenommen oder teilnehmen können. Erste Schätzungen zeigen, dass ein signifikant positiver Zusammenhang zwischen dem Abschluss von Integrationskursen des BAMF, ESF-BAMF-Sprachkursen und den Sprachprogrammen der BA und der Aufnahme einer Erwerbstätigkeit besteht, wobei die Effekte der ESF-BAMF-Sprachprogramme am stärksten ausfallen. Die Ergebnisse sind als Korrelationen, nicht kausal zu interpretieren. Auch der Abschluss des Programms "Perspektiven für Flüchtlinge" und die Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsberatung der BA bzw. der Jobcenter sind statistisch signifikant und positiv mit der Aufnahme einer Erwerbstätigkeit korreliert. 22 Prozent der Befragten haben nach eigenen Angaben die Berufsberatung der BA, 19 Prozent die Berufsberatung eines Jobcenters in Anspruch genommen. Weiteren 20 bzw. 19 Prozent waren diese Angebote bekannt. Rund ein Fünftel der Geflüchteten gibt an, bei der Arbeitssuche Hilfe benötigt und erhalten zu haben; zwei Fünftel sagen, dass sie Hilfe benötigt, aber keine erhalten hätten. Unter den Geflüchteten, die bereits einer Erwerbstätigkeit in Deutschland nachgegangen sind, geben 42 Prozent an, ihre erste Stelle durch Familienangehörige, Freunde und Bekannte gefunden zu haben, im Vergleich zu 55 Prozent bei anderen Migrantengruppen. Geflüchtete ohne Berufs- und Hochschulabschlüsse finden überdurchschnittlich häufig ihre erste Stelle durch persönliche Kontakte (60%), während dies Personen mit Berufs- oder Hochschulabschluss häufiger über die Arbeitsagenturen und Jobcenter (33%) sowie über Zeitungen und Internet (10%) gelingt. Einstellungen zur Demokratie: Die Geflüchteten zeigen in der Befragung eine hohe Übereinstimmung mit der deutschen Bevölkerung bei der Zustimmung zu demokratischen Grundwerten und unterscheiden sich teilweise von Befragten im arabischen Raum und anderen Herkunftsregionen. 2 96 Prozent der Geflüchteten (Deutsche Bevölkerung: 95%, Bevölkerung der Herkunftsregionen: 91%) halten die Demokratie für die beste Staatsform, 96 Prozent der Geflüchteten halten freie Wahlen (Deutsche: 91%, Herkunftsregionen: 89%) und 93 Prozent den Schutz von Bürgerrechten (Deutsche: 83%, Herkunftsregionen: 80%) für elementare Bestandteile von Demokratien. Zwar stimmen 21 Prozent der Geflüchteten der Aussage zu, dass man einen starken Führer braucht, der sich nicht um einen Parlament und freie Wahlen kümmern muss, aber das trifft auch auf 22 Prozent der deutschen Bevölkerung und 46 Prozent der Bevölkerung der Herkunftsregionen zu. 13 Prozent der Geflüchteten sind schließlich der Auffassung, dass Religionsführer über die Auslegung der Gesetze entscheiden sollten, im Vergleich zu 8 Prozent in der deutschen Bevölkerung und 55 Prozent der Bevölkerungen der Herkunftsländer. Einstellungen zur Gleichberechtigung von Mann und Frau: 92 Prozent der Geflüchteten (Deutsche: 92%, Herkunftsregionen: 67%) sind der Auffassung, dass gleiche Rechte von Frauen und Männern zur Demokratie gehören. 86 Prozent der Geflüchteten, aber nur 71 Prozent der Deutschen sind der Auffassung, dass eine Arbeit zu haben der beste Weg für eine Frau ist, unabhängig zu sein. 29 Prozent der Geflüchteten, aber nur 19 Prozent der Deutschen, stimmen der Aussage zu, dass es zwangsläufig zu Problemen führt, wenn eine Frau mehr als ihr Partner verdient. 18 Prozent der Geflüchteten und 16 Prozent der Deutschen sind der Auffassung, dass für die Eltern die Ausbildung oder Hochschulbildung der Söhne wichtiger sein sollte als die der Töchter. Wohlbefinden und Gesundheit: Die Geflüchteten weisen eine mit der deutschen Bevölkerung vergleichbare Lebenszufriedenheit auf. Die Zufriedenheit mit dem Gesundheitszustand ist höher als in der deutschen Bevölkerung. Diese Ergebnisse sind allerdings auch auf das niedrigere Durchschnittsalter zurückzuführen. Schließlich berichten Geflüchtete häufiger als die deutsche Bevölkerung über Einsamkeit und Depressionen, was sowohl in Zusammenhang mit den Kriegs- und Fluchterfahrungen, als auch der Lebenssituation in Deutschland stehen kann. Persönlichkeitsmerkmale der Geflüchteten: Die Geflüchteten verfügen über ein höheres Selbstwertgefühl als Deutsche ohne Migrationshintergrund und andere Migrantengruppen. Die Risikobereitschaft ist nicht höher ausgeprägt als bei diesen beiden Vergleichsgruppen. Dafür ist die positive Reziprozität, also die Bereitschaft einen Gefallen zu erwidern, stärker, die negative Reziprozität, also die Neigung sich für erlittenes Unrecht zu rächen, schwächer. Kontrollüberzeugungen, also die Überzeugung selbst über sein Schicksal bestimmen zu können, sind schwächer als in der deutschen Bevölkerung ohne Migrationshintergrund oder anderen Migrantengruppen ausgeprägt. Soziale Kontakte, Diskriminierung und Willkommensgefühl: Die Geflüchteten geben an, dass sie im Mittel seit ihrer Ankunft drei neue Kontakte zu Deutschen und fünf neue Kontakte zu Personen aus den Herkunftsländern geknüpft haben. 60 Prozent haben häufig, d.h. mindestens einmal die Woche, Kontakte zu Deutschen. Die Kontaktintensität zu Deutschen ist bei einer dezentralen Unterbringung höher als bei einer Unterbringung in Gemeinschaftsunterkünften und in kleinen Kommunen größer als in großen Kommunen. 10 Prozent der Geflüchteten berichten, dass sie häufig wegen ihrer Herkunft benachteiligt wurden, weitere 36 Prozent selten. Geflüchtete berichten damit häufiger von Diskriminierung als andere Migrantengruppen (32 Prozent). 65 Prozent der 2015 zugezogenen Geflüchteten haben sich bei ihrer Ankunft in Deutschland vollkommen, und weitere 23 Prozent überwiegend willkommen gefühlt. Zum Befragungszeitpunkt fühlten sich in dieser Kohorte noch 56 Prozent vollkommen, und 28 Prozent überwiegend willkommen.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Dämmrich, Johanna; Blossfeld, Hans-Peter
Participation in Formal Adult Education and its Impact on Inequality over the Life Course in Contemporary Russia Journal Article
In: World Studies in Education, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 5–26, 2016, ISSN: 1441-340X.
@article{Kosyakova2014,
title = {Participation in Formal Adult Education and its Impact on Inequality over the Life Course in Contemporary Russia},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Johanna D\"{a}mmrich and Hans-Peter Blossfeld},
url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/10.7459/wse/17.1.02},
doi = {10.7459/wse/17.1.02},
issn = {1441-340X},
year = {2016},
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journal = {World Studies in Education},
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institution = {European University Institute},
abstract = {This paper examines whether and to which extent tertiary and non-tertiary formal adult education in Russia can (1) compensate for initial inequalities in the individual educational attainment process, and (2) contribute to more economic and social equity over the life course. In particular, we study how the interplay between initial educational level and current labour market position influences patterns of participation in and returns to these adult education types. Utilizing the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE) and advanced methods of longitudinal research, we found lower educated individuals to be more likely to participate in adult education, yet the ‘quality' (level) of adult education is associated with the labour market position of participants and their socio-economic background. Regarding returns, our findings are mixed and suggest that initially (educationally) advantaged individuals benefit from tertiary adult education in terms of earnings, while initially (educationally) disadvantaged benefit in terms of job prestige. In turn, non-tertiary adult education, if any, only worse labor market positions of those unemployed while studying. A major conclusion of our study is that adult education has only limited potential to reduce social inequalities over the life course in Russia.},
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This paper examines whether and to which extent tertiary and non-tertiary formal adult education in Russia can (1) compensate for initial inequalities in the individual educational attainment process, and (2) contribute to more economic and social equity over the life course. In particular, we study how the interplay between initial educational level and current labour market position influences patterns of participation in and returns to these adult education types. Utilizing the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE) and advanced methods of longitudinal research, we found lower educated individuals to be more likely to participate in adult education, yet the ‘quality' (level) of adult education is associated with the labour market position of participants and their socio-economic background. Regarding returns, our findings are mixed and suggest that initially (educationally) advantaged individuals benefit from tertiary adult education in terms of earnings, while initially (educationally) disadvantaged benefit in terms of job prestige. In turn, non-tertiary adult education, if any, only worse labor market positions of those unemployed while studying. A major conclusion of our study is that adult education has only limited potential to reduce social inequalities over the life course in Russia.
Bills, David B.; Kosyakova, Yuliya
Education, Adult Book Section
In: The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016, ISBN: 9781405165518.
@incollection{Bills2016,
title = {Education, Adult},
author = {David B. Bills and Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781405165518.wbeose019.pub2},
doi = {10.1002/9781405165518.wbeose019.pub2},
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year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
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booktitle = {The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology},
publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd},
abstract = {Adult education is an increasingly important component of the educational systems of many nations and comprises a growing share of the total volume of educational attainment. In this entry, various conceptualizations of adult education are discussed and its relationship to lifelong learning is explained. The increasing relevance of adult education for persistent patterns of social inequality is examined and some of the challenges and benefits in conducting comparative studies of adult education are indicated.},
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Adult education is an increasingly important component of the educational systems of many nations and comprises a growing share of the total volume of educational attainment. In this entry, various conceptualizations of adult education are discussed and its relationship to lifelong learning is explained. The increasing relevance of adult education for persistent patterns of social inequality is examined and some of the challenges and benefits in conducting comparative studies of adult education are indicated.
Brücker, Herbert; Rother, Nina; Schupp, Jürgen; Gostomski, Christian Babka; Böhm, Axel; Fendel, Tanja; Friedrich, Martin; Giesselmann, Marco; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kroh, Martin; Kühne, Simon; Liebau, Elisabeth; Richter, David; Romiti, Agnese; Schacht, Diana; Scheible, Jana A.; Schmelzer, Paul; Siegert, Manuel; Sirries, Steffen; Trübswetter, Parvati; Vallizadeh, Ehsan
Forced migration, arrival in Germany, and first steps toward integration Journal Article
In: DIW Economic Bulletin, vol. 6, no. 48, pp. 541–556, 2016, ISSN: 2192-7219.
@article{Brucker2016b,
title = {Forced migration, arrival in Germany, and first steps toward integration},
author = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Nina Rother and J\"{u}rgen Schupp and Christian Babka Gostomski and Axel B\"{o}hm and Tanja Fendel and Martin Friedrich and Marco Giesselmann and Yuliya Kosyakova and Martin Kroh and Simon K\"{u}hne and Elisabeth Liebau and David Richter and Agnese Romiti and Diana Schacht and Jana A. Scheible and Paul Schmelzer and Manuel Siegert and Steffen Sirries and Parvati Tr\"{u}bswetter and Ehsan Vallizadeh},
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urldate = {2016-01-01},
journal = {DIW Economic Bulletin},
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abstract = {A new representative survey of a total of 4,500 recently arrived refugees to Germany conducted by the Institute for Employment Research (IAB), the Research Centre of the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF-FZ), and the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) at the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin) has generated an entirely new database for analyzing forced migration and the integration of refugees into German society. The findings we present here are based on the first part of the survey, in which over 2,300 people were interviewed. In addition to the causes of forced migration, the survey captures data on escape routes and educational and vocational biographies. Respondents also answered questions about their values, attitudes, and personality traits, as well as their integration into the German job market and education system. The results show that the threats of war, violence, and persecution were their primary reasons for migration, and that the costs and risks of migration are high. The refugees show extreme heterogeneity in educational backgrounds. The share of respondents who arrived in Germany with vocational or university degrees is low. However, these refugees have high aspirations when it comes to education. And in terms of values, they have more in common with the German population than with the populations of their respective countries of origin. The integration of refugees into the job market and education system has just begun, but Germany's integration policy measures are starting to have a perceptible impact},
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A new representative survey of a total of 4,500 recently arrived refugees to Germany conducted by the Institute for Employment Research (IAB), the Research Centre of the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF-FZ), and the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) at the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin) has generated an entirely new database for analyzing forced migration and the integration of refugees into German society. The findings we present here are based on the first part of the survey, in which over 2,300 people were interviewed. In addition to the causes of forced migration, the survey captures data on escape routes and educational and vocational biographies. Respondents also answered questions about their values, attitudes, and personality traits, as well as their integration into the German job market and education system. The results show that the threats of war, violence, and persecution were their primary reasons for migration, and that the costs and risks of migration are high. The refugees show extreme heterogeneity in educational backgrounds. The share of respondents who arrived in Germany with vocational or university degrees is low. However, these refugees have high aspirations when it comes to education. And in terms of values, they have more in common with the German population than with the populations of their respective countries of origin. The integration of refugees into the job market and education system has just begun, but Germany's integration policy measures are starting to have a perceptible impact
Brücker, Herbert; Rother, Nina; Schupp, Jürgen; von Gostomski, Christian Babka; Böhm, Axel; Fendel, Tanja; Friedrich, Martin; Giesselmann, Marco; Holst, Elke; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kroh, Martin; Liebau, Elisabeth; Richter, David; Romiti, Agnese; Schacht, Diana; Scheible, Jana A.; Schmelzer, Paul; Siegert, Manuel; Sirries, Steffen; Trübswetter, Parvati; Vallizadeh, Ehsan
IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Geflüchteten: Flucht, Ankunft in Deutschland und erste Schritte der Integration Technical Report
IAB-Kurzbericht, No. 24/2016 Nürnberg: Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), no. 24, 2016.
@techreport{Brucker2016d,
title = {IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Gefl\"{u}chteten: Flucht, Ankunft in Deutschland und erste Schritte der Integration},
author = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Nina Rother and J\"{u}rgen Schupp and Christian Babka von Gostomski and Axel B\"{o}hm and Tanja Fendel and Martin Friedrich and Marco Giesselmann and Elke Holst and Yuliya Kosyakova and Martin Kroh and Elisabeth Liebau and David Richter and Agnese Romiti and Diana Schacht and Jana A. Scheible and Paul Schmelzer and Manuel Siegert and Steffen Sirries and Parvati Tr\"{u}bswetter and Ehsan Vallizadeh},
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abstract = {Mit einer repr\"{a}sentativen Befragung von insgesamt 4.500 Gefl\"{u}chteten stellen das Institut f\"{u}r Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), das Forschungszentrum des Bundesamtes f\"{u}r Migration und Fl\"{u}chtlinge (BAMF-FZ) und das Sozio-oekonomische Panel (SOEP) am DIW Berlin eine v\"{o}llig neue Datengrundlage f\"{u}r die Analyse der Fluchtmigration und der Integration Gefl\"{u}chteter bereit. Die Befunde in diesem Kurzbericht basieren auf dem ersten Teil der Befragung, bei der gut 2.300 Personen interviewt wurden. Dabei wurden nicht nur Fluchtursachen und Fluchtwege sowie Bildungs- und Erwerbsbiografien, sondern auch Werte, Einstellungen und Pers\"{o}nlichkeitsmerkmale der Gefl\"{u}chteten und ihre Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt und in das Bildungssystem erhoben.
},
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Mit einer repräsentativen Befragung von insgesamt 4.500 Geflüchteten stellen das Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), das Forschungszentrum des Bundesamtes für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF-FZ) und das Sozio-oekonomische Panel (SOEP) am DIW Berlin eine völlig neue Datengrundlage für die Analyse der Fluchtmigration und der Integration Geflüchteter bereit. Die Befunde in diesem Kurzbericht basieren auf dem ersten Teil der Befragung, bei der gut 2.300 Personen interviewt wurden. Dabei wurden nicht nur Fluchtursachen und Fluchtwege sowie Bildungs- und Erwerbsbiografien, sondern auch Werte, Einstellungen und Persönlichkeitsmerkmale der Geflüchteten und ihre Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt und in das Bildungssystem erhoben.
Kosyakova, Yuliya
European University Institute, 2016.
@phdthesis{Kosyakova2016,
title = {The Regime Change and Social Inequality. Educational and Job Careers in the Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia.},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1814/41584},
doi = {10.2870/853729},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-04-14},
publisher = {European University Institute},
address = {Florence},
school = {European University Institute},
abstract = {The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rapid shifts in economic, political, and social institutional arrangements \textendash labeled here as a regime change \textendash offer a unique opportunity to explore how patterns of social inequality vary across broader institutional contexts and over time. How the stratification order between different social groups has changed in the aftermath of the regime change in Russia is a central question I raise in this thesis. In contrast to prior research, I draw on a life-course perspective and address several rather untouched aspects of social inequalities in Soviet and post-Soviet societies and investigate them in terms of school-to-work and work-to-school transitions in the earlier and later life courses. Empirically, I employ powerful longitudinal data from the Education and Employment Survey for Russia (EES) linked to the Russian Gender and Generation Survey (GGS), which cover life trajectories in a time-frame between 1965 and 2005. Compared with previous studies, that data enable me to utilize a much larger observation window to scrutinize long-term consequence of the regime change in Russia. First, I tackle social inequality in terms of horizontal gender differences and vertical gender inequalities upon labor market entry. My findings reveal that despite proclaimed equality principles, the school-to-work transition was by no means gender-neutral in Soviet Russia, with women facing a net vertical disadvantage in job authority. This inequality has increased even more since the collapse of the Soviet Union, particularly due to worsening chances for female entrants. Second, I explore inequality of adult-educational opportunity due to initial educational level and occupational position. My results suggest that selective participation in adult education might lessen or exacerbate inequality of adult-educational opportunity depending on type of adult education and analyzed group of participants. Nonetheless, the collapse of the Soviet Union has contributed to inequality of adult-educational opportunity, thereby strengthening the exacerbation effects of adult education on social inequalities. Third, I investigate whether participation in adult education may improve career opportunities, thereby mitigating social inequalities that emerged in the earlier life course. My findings show that adult education either benefits all participants or those who are already advantaged. Overall, the results point to a mechanism of persistence or reinforcement of social inequalities. Furthermore, returns to adult education have decreased or been not offset since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Finally, throughout my thesis I put a particular focus on gender. Altogether, my findings unravel noteworthy gender inequalities arising in the initial career stages. These initial (dis-)advantages cumulate over men's and women's life courses, thereby contributing to overall social inequality in Russia, and specifically during the post- Soviet period. I conclude that the regime change was accompanied by a widening of preexisting social distances and an effective amplification of the Russian society's stratification order.
},
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The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rapid shifts in economic, political, and social institutional arrangements – labeled here as a regime change – offer a unique opportunity to explore how patterns of social inequality vary across broader institutional contexts and over time. How the stratification order between different social groups has changed in the aftermath of the regime change in Russia is a central question I raise in this thesis. In contrast to prior research, I draw on a life-course perspective and address several rather untouched aspects of social inequalities in Soviet and post-Soviet societies and investigate them in terms of school-to-work and work-to-school transitions in the earlier and later life courses. Empirically, I employ powerful longitudinal data from the Education and Employment Survey for Russia (EES) linked to the Russian Gender and Generation Survey (GGS), which cover life trajectories in a time-frame between 1965 and 2005. Compared with previous studies, that data enable me to utilize a much larger observation window to scrutinize long-term consequence of the regime change in Russia. First, I tackle social inequality in terms of horizontal gender differences and vertical gender inequalities upon labor market entry. My findings reveal that despite proclaimed equality principles, the school-to-work transition was by no means gender-neutral in Soviet Russia, with women facing a net vertical disadvantage in job authority. This inequality has increased even more since the collapse of the Soviet Union, particularly due to worsening chances for female entrants. Second, I explore inequality of adult-educational opportunity due to initial educational level and occupational position. My results suggest that selective participation in adult education might lessen or exacerbate inequality of adult-educational opportunity depending on type of adult education and analyzed group of participants. Nonetheless, the collapse of the Soviet Union has contributed to inequality of adult-educational opportunity, thereby strengthening the exacerbation effects of adult education on social inequalities. Third, I investigate whether participation in adult education may improve career opportunities, thereby mitigating social inequalities that emerged in the earlier life course. My findings show that adult education either benefits all participants or those who are already advantaged. Overall, the results point to a mechanism of persistence or reinforcement of social inequalities. Furthermore, returns to adult education have decreased or been not offset since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Finally, throughout my thesis I put a particular focus on gender. Altogether, my findings unravel noteworthy gender inequalities arising in the initial career stages. These initial (dis-)advantages cumulate over men's and women's life courses, thereby contributing to overall social inequality in Russia, and specifically during the post- Soviet period. I conclude that the regime change was accompanied by a widening of preexisting social distances and an effective amplification of the Russian society's stratification order.
de Vilhena, Daniela Vono; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kilpi-Jakonen, Elina; McMullin, Patricia
Does adult education contribute to securing non-precarious employment? A cross-national comparison Journal Article
In: Work, Employment & Society, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 97–117, 2016, ISSN: 0950-0170.
@article{VonodeVilhena2015a,
title = {Does adult education contribute to securing non-precarious employment? A cross-national comparison},
author = {Daniela Vono de Vilhena and Yuliya Kosyakova and Elina Kilpi-Jakonen and Patricia McMullin},
url = {http://wes.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0950017014561335},
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abstract = {The objective of this article is to analyse the effect of acquiring a new formal qualification as an adult (measured as an upgrade or a side-step) on the likelihood of being in non-precarious employment. Three countries with similar longitudinal datasets are compared: Spain, the UK and Russia. The results indicate that adult education is beneficial in the three countries; with differences, however, depending on the definition of precarious employment used and the (previous) employment status of individuals. The findings suggest that the differences among countries are related to different labour market structures: adult education has a clearer beneficial impact on accessing and remaining in non-precarious employment in more flexible employment systems than in more rigid insider-outsider economies, where labour trajectories are strongly determined by what happens during the first years after school.},
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The objective of this article is to analyse the effect of acquiring a new formal qualification as an adult (measured as an upgrade or a side-step) on the likelihood of being in non-precarious employment. Three countries with similar longitudinal datasets are compared: Spain, the UK and Russia. The results indicate that adult education is beneficial in the three countries; with differences, however, depending on the definition of precarious employment used and the (previous) employment status of individuals. The findings suggest that the differences among countries are related to different labour market structures: adult education has a clearer beneficial impact on accessing and remaining in non-precarious employment in more flexible employment systems than in more rigid insider-outsider economies, where labour trajectories are strongly determined by what happens during the first years after school.
Sirries, Steffen; Brücker, Herbert; Kosyakova, Yuliya
Auf der Flucht – Motive und Kosten Book Section
In: Brücker, Herbert; Rother, Nina; Schupp, Jürgen (Ed.): IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Geflüchteten: Überblick und erste Ergebnisse, pp. 21–34, IAB, Nürnberg, 2016.
@incollection{Sirries2016,
title = {Auf der Flucht \textendash Motive und Kosten},
author = {Steffen Sirries and Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Yuliya Kosyakova},
editor = {Herbert Br\"{u}cker and Nina Rother and J\"{u}rgen Schupp},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Gefl\"{u}chteten: \"{U}berblick und erste Ergebnisse},
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Schupp, Jürgen; Brücker, Herbert; Friedrich, Martin; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kroh, Martin; Richter, David
Werte, Persönlichkeitsmerkmale, soziale Beziehungen und subjektives Wohlbefinden Book Section
In: Brücker, Herbert; Rother, Nina; Schupp, Jürgen (Ed.): IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Geflüchteten: Überblick und erste Ergebnisse, pp. 75–94, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt und Berufsforschung, Nürnberg, 2016.
@incollection{Schupp2016,
title = {Werte, Pers\"{o}nlichkeitsmerkmale, soziale Beziehungen und subjektives Wohlbefinden},
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Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kurakin, Dmitry; Yanbarisova, Diana; Yastrebov, Gordey
The reproduction of social inequality within the Russian educational system Book Chapter
In: Blossfeld, H. - P.; Buchholz, S.; Skopek, J.; Triventi, M. (Ed.): pp. 323-342, Models of secondary education and social inequality : An international comparison, 2016, ISBN: 9781785367250.
@inbook{Kosyakova_Kurakin_2016,
title = {The reproduction of social inequality within the Russian educational system},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Dmitry Kurakin and Diana Yanbarisova and Gordey Yastrebov},
editor = { H.- P. Blossfeld and S. Buchholz and J. Skopek and M. Triventi},
isbn = {9781785367250},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
pages = {323-342},
publisher = {Models of secondary education and social inequality : An international comparison},
abstract = {In this chapter we investigate how formal and informal differentiation in Russia's secondary education maintains the inequality of educational opportunities and thereby facilitates the reproduction of social inequalities. Specifically, we study the role of social background in shaping educational success and educational pathways of Russian students. We also disentangle primary and secondary effects of social background, which has not been considered in the earlier literature on inequalities in Russian education. Our empirical investigation is based on the Russian Panel Study of Trajectories in Education and Careers (TrEC).},
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In this chapter we investigate how formal and informal differentiation in Russia's secondary education maintains the inequality of educational opportunities and thereby facilitates the reproduction of social inequalities. Specifically, we study the role of social background in shaping educational success and educational pathways of Russian students. We also disentangle primary and secondary effects of social background, which has not been considered in the earlier literature on inequalities in Russian education. Our empirical investigation is based on the Russian Panel Study of Trajectories in Education and Careers (TrEC).
Kosyakova, Yuliya
Postsocialisticheskaja transformacija i social'noe neravenstvo Journal Article
In: The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology, vol. 19, iss. 5, pp. 180-197, 2016.
@article{Kosyakova_2016,
title = {Postsocialisticheskaja transformacija i social'noe neravenstvo},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
journal = {The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology},
volume = {19},
issue = {5},
pages = {180-197},
abstract = {The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rapid shifts in economic, political, and social institutional arrangements - labeled here as a 'regime change' - offer a unique opportunity to explore how patterns of social inequality vary across broader institutional contexts and over time. How the stratification order between different social groups has changed in the aftermath of the regime change in Russia is a central question I raised in this thesis. I draw on a life-course perspective and address several rather untouched aspects of social inequalities in Soviet and post-Soviet societies. First, I focus on the initial school-to-work transition stage and approach social inequality from a gender perspective. Second, I explore the 'work-back-to-school' transition process by focusing on inequality in participation in adult education due to (initial) educational and occupational attainment. In other words, I study inequality of adult-educational opportunity. Third, I devote to the 'school-back-to-work' transition in the later life course stages. I particularly address inequality in returns to adult education due to initial educational endowments. Empirically, I employ powerful longitudinal data from the Education and Employment Survey for Russia (EES) linked to the Russian Gender and Generation Survey (GGS), which cover life trajectories in a time-frame between 1965 and 2005. Based on my empirical case studies, I conclude that the regime change was accompanied by a widening of pre-existing social distances and an effective amplification of the Russian society's stratification order.},
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The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rapid shifts in economic, political, and social institutional arrangements - labeled here as a 'regime change' - offer a unique opportunity to explore how patterns of social inequality vary across broader institutional contexts and over time. How the stratification order between different social groups has changed in the aftermath of the regime change in Russia is a central question I raised in this thesis. I draw on a life-course perspective and address several rather untouched aspects of social inequalities in Soviet and post-Soviet societies. First, I focus on the initial school-to-work transition stage and approach social inequality from a gender perspective. Second, I explore the 'work-back-to-school' transition process by focusing on inequality in participation in adult education due to (initial) educational and occupational attainment. In other words, I study inequality of adult-educational opportunity. Third, I devote to the 'school-back-to-work' transition in the later life course stages. I particularly address inequality in returns to adult education due to initial educational endowments. Empirically, I employ powerful longitudinal data from the Education and Employment Survey for Russia (EES) linked to the Russian Gender and Generation Survey (GGS), which cover life trajectories in a time-frame between 1965 and 2005. Based on my empirical case studies, I conclude that the regime change was accompanied by a widening of pre-existing social distances and an effective amplification of the Russian society's stratification order.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Yastrebov, Gordey; Yanbarisova, Diana; Kurakin, Dmitry
Vosproizvodstvo social'nogo neravenstva v rossijskoj obrazovatel'noj sisteme Journal Article
In: The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology, vol. 19, iss. 5, pp. 76-97, 2016.
@article{Yastrebov2016,
title = {Vosproizvodstvo social'nogo neravenstva v rossijskoj obrazovatel'noj sisteme},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Gordey Yastrebov and Diana Yanbarisova and Dmitry Kurakin},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology},
volume = {19},
issue = {5},
pages = {76-97},
abstract = {In this study we investigate how formal and informal differentiation in Russia's secondary education maintains the inequality of educational opportunities and thereby facilitates the reproduction of social inequalities. Specifically, we study the role of social background in shaping educational success and educational pathways of Russian students. We also disentangle primary and secondary effects of social background, which has not been considered in the earlier literature on inequalities in Russian education. For our empirical analysis, we use data from the Russian Panel Study of Trajectories in Education and Careers (TrEC). The original sample of the TrEC is the TIMSS 2011 sample, representative for the cohort of Russian students in 8th grade. In particular, we have shown empirically that the secondary effect of social background (i.e. its residual effect net of students' academic achievement) affects allocation into different types of schools before tracking, the track choice itself, the aspirations towards higher education and the chances of admission into high-quality higher education institutions. In addition, we have found that the type of school chosen before tracking and the track choice itself shape future educational outcomes independently of social background. Our findings therefore suggest that Russia's educational system cannot offset the perpetuation of social advantage and is therefore not completely efficient in providing equality of educational opportunity.},
keywords = {},
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}
In this study we investigate how formal and informal differentiation in Russia's secondary education maintains the inequality of educational opportunities and thereby facilitates the reproduction of social inequalities. Specifically, we study the role of social background in shaping educational success and educational pathways of Russian students. We also disentangle primary and secondary effects of social background, which has not been considered in the earlier literature on inequalities in Russian education. For our empirical analysis, we use data from the Russian Panel Study of Trajectories in Education and Careers (TrEC). The original sample of the TrEC is the TIMSS 2011 sample, representative for the cohort of Russian students in 8th grade. In particular, we have shown empirically that the secondary effect of social background (i.e. its residual effect net of students' academic achievement) affects allocation into different types of schools before tracking, the track choice itself, the aspirations towards higher education and the chances of admission into high-quality higher education institutions. In addition, we have found that the type of school chosen before tracking and the track choice itself shape future educational outcomes independently of social background. Our findings therefore suggest that Russia's educational system cannot offset the perpetuation of social advantage and is therefore not completely efficient in providing equality of educational opportunity.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Blossfeld, Hans-Peter
Gender i nachalo trudovogo puti: Rezul'taty mezhdunarodnogo sravnitel'nogo issledovanija Journal Article
In: The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology, vol. 19, iss. 5, pp. 98-126, 2016.
@article{Blossfeld_2_2016,
title = {Gender i nachalo trudovogo puti: Rezul'taty mezhdunarodnogo sravnitel'nogo issledovanija},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Hans-Peter Blossfeld},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
journal = {The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology},
volume = {19},
issue = {5},
pages = {98-126},
abstract = {This article provides a summary of the results from a cross-national comparative project analysing gender differences and inequalities at labour market entry. Women's relative gains in educational attainment and the expansion of the service sector suggest that gender inequalities in occupational returns are diminishing or even reversing. In assessing gender differences at labour market entry across a larger set of countries, we concentrated on a phase of the life course when women's family roles are still of minor importance. Conceptually we distinguish between horizontal segregation and inequalities in vertical outcomes. Our research design was based on two cross-national comparative and 13 in-depth case studies analysing countries with different institutional, socio-economic and cultural settings - including Eastern European Countries and Russia. Our findings demonstrate that occupational gender segregation is still relatively marked among recent cohorts, even though slightly reducing over time in several countries. Studying vertical gender inequalities, we found that while in most countries women enter more prestigious jobs than men, there is a female disadvantage in economic returns among recent labour market entrants. Overall, when putting together findings from our various country studies, we concluded that women's outcomes in first jobs did not improve as they could have given the large upgrades in female education. In addition, our results on labour market entry challenge the conventional wisdom about gender equality across welfare regimes.},
keywords = {},
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}
This article provides a summary of the results from a cross-national comparative project analysing gender differences and inequalities at labour market entry. Women's relative gains in educational attainment and the expansion of the service sector suggest that gender inequalities in occupational returns are diminishing or even reversing. In assessing gender differences at labour market entry across a larger set of countries, we concentrated on a phase of the life course when women's family roles are still of minor importance. Conceptually we distinguish between horizontal segregation and inequalities in vertical outcomes. Our research design was based on two cross-national comparative and 13 in-depth case studies analysing countries with different institutional, socio-economic and cultural settings - including Eastern European Countries and Russia. Our findings demonstrate that occupational gender segregation is still relatively marked among recent cohorts, even though slightly reducing over time in several countries. Studying vertical gender inequalities, we found that while in most countries women enter more prestigious jobs than men, there is a female disadvantage in economic returns among recent labour market entrants. Overall, when putting together findings from our various country studies, we concluded that women's outcomes in first jobs did not improve as they could have given the large upgrades in female education. In addition, our results on labour market entry challenge the conventional wisdom about gender equality across welfare regimes.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Yastrebov, Gordey
Doshkol'noe obrazovanie i uslugi po uhodu za det'mi v postsovetskoj Rossii Journal Article
In: The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology, vol. 19, iss. 5, pp. 39-53, 2016.
@article{Yastrebov_2_2016,
title = {Doshkol'noe obrazovanie i uslugi po uhodu za det'mi v postsovetskoj Rossii},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Gordey Yastrebov},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
journal = {The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology},
volume = {19},
issue = {5},
pages = {39-53},
abstract = {This study explores changes in the relationship between social inequality and the use of childcare arrangements in Russia between 1994 and 2012. These changes are evaluated against changes in the context surrounding the system of childcare provision throughout the post-Soviet period. In particular, we consider the following changes: increasing household competition for state-subsidized childcare provision and its differentiation, the adoption of neo-familialist social policies in the 2000s, and the growing relevance of informal relations in securing access to formal childcare services. To empirically investigate the changes in the use of childcare arrangements by different types of families we rely on data from Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (1994-2012). First, we find that families with higher social standing are more likely to participate in formal public childcare, although inequality in access has slightly decreased in the 2000s. On the other hand, inequality increased with regard to expenditures on external childcare, which suggests that more advantaged families switched to different forms of childcare. This is partly corroborated by the fact that these families use formal public childcare less intensively, possibly by exposing their children to other types of childcare. Social inequalities also exist in informal childcare arrangements: whereas more advantaged families generally make wider use of these arrangements, they are less likely to limit themselves to exclusive parental care, which is more widely spread in the less advantaged families. The patterns of informal childcare remained largely unchanged throughout the period considered.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
This study explores changes in the relationship between social inequality and the use of childcare arrangements in Russia between 1994 and 2012. These changes are evaluated against changes in the context surrounding the system of childcare provision throughout the post-Soviet period. In particular, we consider the following changes: increasing household competition for state-subsidized childcare provision and its differentiation, the adoption of neo-familialist social policies in the 2000s, and the growing relevance of informal relations in securing access to formal childcare services. To empirically investigate the changes in the use of childcare arrangements by different types of families we rely on data from Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (1994-2012). First, we find that families with higher social standing are more likely to participate in formal public childcare, although inequality in access has slightly decreased in the 2000s. On the other hand, inequality increased with regard to expenditures on external childcare, which suggests that more advantaged families switched to different forms of childcare. This is partly corroborated by the fact that these families use formal public childcare less intensively, possibly by exposing their children to other types of childcare. Social inequalities also exist in informal childcare arrangements: whereas more advantaged families generally make wider use of these arrangements, they are less likely to limit themselves to exclusive parental care, which is more widely spread in the less advantaged families. The patterns of informal childcare remained largely unchanged throughout the period considered.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kurakin, Dmitry
Imejut li znachenie instituty? Journal Article
In: The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology, vol. 19, iss. 5, pp. 127-145, 2016.
@article{Kurakin2016,
title = {Imejut li znachenie instituty?},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Dmitry Kurakin},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
journal = {The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology},
volume = {19},
issue = {5},
pages = {127-145},
abstract = {This chapter studies how horizontal gender differences and vertical inequalities at labor market entry have been changing in Russia from soviet to post-soviet times. On theoretical grounds, we expect that major institutional and cultural shifts were not gender-neutral. Particularly, we relate our discussion to features of educational and employment systems, family policies and gender-specific cultural aspects. Using retrospective data from Russian Education and Employment Survey (EES), we analyze the sex segregation across industry sectors and the gender gap in job authority for labor market entrants in the Soviet period (1965-1991) and the post-Soviet period (1991-2005). Our findings reveal that the horizontal gender differences and conditional vertical inequalities at labor market entry already persisted during the Soviet period, and this is despite the proclaimed equality principles. Withal, these gender differences and inequalities even grew after liberalization reforms in contempt of women's gains in education in the recent decades. We argue that rapid changes in economy and social life have been accompanied by new emerging forms of gender-oriented culture. In turn, these changes disposed male and female entrants to enter occupational fields in more separated way than before, and shaped employers' and (female) employees' preferences and decisions, thereby affecting females' likelihood for entering higher-status jobs.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This chapter studies how horizontal gender differences and vertical inequalities at labor market entry have been changing in Russia from soviet to post-soviet times. On theoretical grounds, we expect that major institutional and cultural shifts were not gender-neutral. Particularly, we relate our discussion to features of educational and employment systems, family policies and gender-specific cultural aspects. Using retrospective data from Russian Education and Employment Survey (EES), we analyze the sex segregation across industry sectors and the gender gap in job authority for labor market entrants in the Soviet period (1965-1991) and the post-Soviet period (1991-2005). Our findings reveal that the horizontal gender differences and conditional vertical inequalities at labor market entry already persisted during the Soviet period, and this is despite the proclaimed equality principles. Withal, these gender differences and inequalities even grew after liberalization reforms in contempt of women's gains in education in the recent decades. We argue that rapid changes in economy and social life have been accompanied by new emerging forms of gender-oriented culture. In turn, these changes disposed male and female entrants to enter occupational fields in more separated way than before, and shaped employers' and (female) employees' preferences and decisions, thereby affecting females' likelihood for entering higher-status jobs.
2015
Dämmrich, Johanna; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Blossfeld, Hans-Peter
Gender and job-related non-formal training: A comparison of 20 countries Journal Article
In: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 433–459, 2015, ISSN: 0020-7152.
@article{Dammrich2015a,
title = {Gender and job-related non-formal training: A comparison of 20 countries},
author = {Johanna D\"{a}mmrich and Yuliya Kosyakova and Hans-Peter Blossfeld},
url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0020715215626769},
doi = {10.1177/0020715215626769},
issn = {0020-7152},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-12-01},
urldate = {2015-12-01},
journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
volume = {56},
number = {6},
pages = {433\textendash459},
abstract = {This article analyses gender differences in the participation in various types of job-related non-formal training in 20 societies and examines the relationship of these gender differences with country-specific institutional settings such as employment protection, family policies and the gender culture. Using data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) and applying two-step multilevel regression analyses, two main findings are obtained: First, gendered participation clearly differs among training types, with women being less likely to participate in employer-financed training but more likely to participate in non-employer-sponsored training. These gender differences in training participation are crucial because they are likely to shape men's and women's career development in different ways, that is, by providing better future career prospects with the current employer for men and with a new employer for women. Second, country-specific settings can reduce gender differences in training participation: in countries with family policies supporting females' employment (e.g. good coverage of formal childcare and short parental leave), we found a lower training disadvantage of women in employer-financed training. In turn, gender differences in non-employer-sponsored training seem to be lower in countries with less rigid employment protection.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article analyses gender differences in the participation in various types of job-related non-formal training in 20 societies and examines the relationship of these gender differences with country-specific institutional settings such as employment protection, family policies and the gender culture. Using data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) and applying two-step multilevel regression analyses, two main findings are obtained: First, gendered participation clearly differs among training types, with women being less likely to participate in employer-financed training but more likely to participate in non-employer-sponsored training. These gender differences in training participation are crucial because they are likely to shape men's and women's career development in different ways, that is, by providing better future career prospects with the current employer for men and with a new employer for women. Second, country-specific settings can reduce gender differences in training participation: in countries with family policies supporting females' employment (e.g. good coverage of formal childcare and short parental leave), we found a lower training disadvantage of women in employer-financed training. In turn, gender differences in non-employer-sponsored training seem to be lower in countries with less rigid employment protection.
Blossfeld, Hans-Peter; Buchholz, Sandra; Dämmrich, Johanna; Kilpi-Jakonen, Elina; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Skopek, Jan; Triventi, Moris; de Vilhena, Daniela Vono
Gender Differences at Labor Market Entry: The Effect of Changing Educational Pathways and Institutional Structures Book Section
In: Blossfeld, Hans-Peter; Skopek, Jan; Triventi, Moris; Buchholz, Sandra (Ed.): Gender, Education and Employment: An International Comparison of School-To-Work Transition, pp. 3–38, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK/Northampton, MA, USA, 2015, ISBN: 9781784715038 | 9781784715021.
@incollection{Blossfeld2015d,
title = {Gender Differences at Labor Market Entry: The Effect of Changing Educational Pathways and Institutional Structures},
author = {Hans-Peter Blossfeld and Sandra Buchholz and Johanna D\"{a}mmrich and Elina Kilpi-Jakonen and Yuliya Kosyakova and Jan Skopek and Moris Triventi and Daniela Vono de Vilhena},
editor = {Hans-Peter Blossfeld and Jan Skopek and Moris Triventi and Sandra Buchholz},
url = {https://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781784715021/9781784715021.00008.xml},
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year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
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pages = {3\textendash38},
publisher = {Edward Elgar},
address = {Cheltenham, UK/Northampton, MA, USA},
abstract = {This chapter provides the theoretical framework for a cross-national comparative project on gender differences and inequalities at labor market entry. Women’s relative gains in educational attainment and the expansion of the service sector would suggest that gender inequalities in occupational returns are diminishing or even reversing. By assessing gender differences at labor market entry, we are able to look at a phase of the life course in which women’s family roles are still of minor importance. Distinguishing between horizontal segregation and inequalities in vertical outcomes, we discuss theoretical perspectives on gender differences in the first job. In addition, we include a discussion on how institutional features on the country level may contribute to a gender gap at labor market entry. Finally, we outline the analytical strategy for an international comparison based on 13 in-depth quantitatively oriented case studies contributed by a network of scholars contributing analyses of countries with different institutional, socioeconomic, and cultural settings.
},
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This chapter provides the theoretical framework for a cross-national comparative project on gender differences and inequalities at labor market entry. Women’s relative gains in educational attainment and the expansion of the service sector would suggest that gender inequalities in occupational returns are diminishing or even reversing. By assessing gender differences at labor market entry, we are able to look at a phase of the life course in which women’s family roles are still of minor importance. Distinguishing between horizontal segregation and inequalities in vertical outcomes, we discuss theoretical perspectives on gender differences in the first job. In addition, we include a discussion on how institutional features on the country level may contribute to a gender gap at labor market entry. Finally, we outline the analytical strategy for an international comparison based on 13 in-depth quantitatively oriented case studies contributed by a network of scholars contributing analyses of countries with different institutional, socioeconomic, and cultural settings.
Blossfeld, Hans-Peter; Skopek, Jan; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Triventi, Moris; Buchholz, Sandra
Gender, Education, and Employment: Lessons Learned from the Comparative Perspective Book Section
In: Blossfeld, Hans-Peter; Skopek, Jan; Triventi, Moris; Buchholz, Sandra (Ed.): Gender, Education and Employment: An International Comparison of School-To-Work Transition, pp. 347–382, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK/Northampton, MA, USA, 2015, ISBN: 9781784715038 | 9781784715021.
@incollection{Blossfeld2015c,
title = {Gender, Education, and Employment: Lessons Learned from the Comparative Perspective},
author = {Hans-Peter Blossfeld and Jan Skopek and Yuliya Kosyakova and Moris Triventi and Sandra Buchholz},
editor = {Hans-Peter Blossfeld and Jan Skopek and Moris Triventi and Sandra Buchholz},
url = {https://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781784715021/9781784715021.00027.xml},
doi = {10.4337/9781784715038.00027},
isbn = {9781784715038 | 9781784715021},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
urldate = {2015-10-30},
booktitle = {Gender, Education and Employment: An International Comparison of School-To-Work Transition},
pages = {347\textendash382},
publisher = {Edward Elgar},
address = {Cheltenham, UK/Northampton, MA, USA},
abstract = {This chapter provides an overview of the results from the 13 in-depth country-specific case studies analyzing gender differences and inequalities at labor market entry. Women's relative gains in educational attainment and the expansion of the service sector suggest that gender inequalities in occupational returns are diminishing or even reversing. By assessing gender differences at labor market entry, we are able to look at a phase of the life course in which women's family roles are still of minor importance. Conceptually, we distinguish between horizontal segregation and inequalities in vertical outcomes. The findings demonstrate that occupational gender segregation is still relatively marked among recent cohorts, although several countries reveal a slight decrease over time. In terms of vertical inequalities, the case studies consistently reveal that although women enter more prestigious jobs than men in most countries, there is a female disadvantage in economic returns among recent labor market entrants. In addition, we find mixed evidence on variations in gender inequality at labor market entry across countries with different institutional characteristics
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
This chapter provides an overview of the results from the 13 in-depth country-specific case studies analyzing gender differences and inequalities at labor market entry. Women's relative gains in educational attainment and the expansion of the service sector suggest that gender inequalities in occupational returns are diminishing or even reversing. By assessing gender differences at labor market entry, we are able to look at a phase of the life course in which women's family roles are still of minor importance. Conceptually, we distinguish between horizontal segregation and inequalities in vertical outcomes. The findings demonstrate that occupational gender segregation is still relatively marked among recent cohorts, although several countries reveal a slight decrease over time. In terms of vertical inequalities, the case studies consistently reveal that although women enter more prestigious jobs than men in most countries, there is a female disadvantage in economic returns among recent labor market entrants. In addition, we find mixed evidence on variations in gender inequality at labor market entry across countries with different institutional characteristics
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kurakin, Dmitry
Do Institutions Matter? Occupational Gender Segregation at Labor Market Entry in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia Book Section
In: Blossfeld, Hans-Peter; Skopek, Jan; Triventi, Moris; Buchholz, Sandra (Ed.): Gender, Education and Employment: An International Comparison of School-To-Work Transition, pp. 304–324, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK/Northampton, MA, USA, 2015.
@incollection{Kosyakova2015b,
title = {Do Institutions Matter? Occupational Gender Segregation at Labor Market Entry in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Dmitry Kurakin},
editor = {Hans-Peter Blossfeld and Jan Skopek and Moris Triventi and Sandra Buchholz},
url = {https://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781784715021/9781784715021.00024.xml},
doi = {10.4337/9781784715038.00024},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
urldate = {2015-10-30},
booktitle = {Gender, Education and Employment: An International Comparison of School-To-Work Transition},
pages = {304\textendash324},
publisher = {Edward Elgar},
address = {Cheltenham, UK/Northampton, MA, USA},
abstract = {This chapter studies how horizontal gender differences and vertical inequalities at labor market entry have been changing in Russia from Soviet to post-Soviet times. On theoretical grounds, we expect the major institutional and cultural shifts to have not been gender-neutral. We relate our discussion particularly to features of educational and employment systems, family policies, and gender-specific cultural aspects. Using retrospective data from the Russian Education and Employment Survey (EES), we analyze sex segregation across industry sectors and the gender gap in job authority for labor market entrants in the Soviet period (1965\textendash91) and the post-Soviet period (1991\textendash2005). Our findings reveal that horizontal gender differences and conditional vertical inequalities at labor market entry were already widespread during the Soviet period despite the proclaimed principles of equality. Withal, these gender differences and inequalities even grew after liberalization reforms, and, in recent decades, they have even counteracted women's gains in education. We argue that the rapid changes in economic and social life have been accompanied by the emergence of new forms of gender-oriented culture. These changes, in turn, have disposed male and female entrants to enter occupational fields in a more separated way than before and they have shaped employers' and (female) employees' preferences and decisions. This has affected the likelihood of females entering jobs with a higher status.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {incollection}
}
This chapter studies how horizontal gender differences and vertical inequalities at labor market entry have been changing in Russia from Soviet to post-Soviet times. On theoretical grounds, we expect the major institutional and cultural shifts to have not been gender-neutral. We relate our discussion particularly to features of educational and employment systems, family policies, and gender-specific cultural aspects. Using retrospective data from the Russian Education and Employment Survey (EES), we analyze sex segregation across industry sectors and the gender gap in job authority for labor market entrants in the Soviet period (1965–91) and the post-Soviet period (1991–2005). Our findings reveal that horizontal gender differences and conditional vertical inequalities at labor market entry were already widespread during the Soviet period despite the proclaimed principles of equality. Withal, these gender differences and inequalities even grew after liberalization reforms, and, in recent decades, they have even counteracted women's gains in education. We argue that the rapid changes in economic and social life have been accompanied by the emergence of new forms of gender-oriented culture. These changes, in turn, have disposed male and female entrants to enter occupational fields in a more separated way than before and they have shaped employers' and (female) employees' preferences and decisions. This has affected the likelihood of females entering jobs with a higher status.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Skopek, Jan; Eckman, Stephanie
Do Interviewers Manipulate Responses to Filter Questions? Evidence from a Multilevel Approach Journal Article
In: International Journal of Public Opinion Research, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 417–431, 2015.
@article{Kosyakova2015a,
title = {Do Interviewers Manipulate Responses to Filter Questions? Evidence from a Multilevel Approach},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Jan Skopek and Stephanie Eckman},
doi = {10.1093/ijpor/edu027},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
urldate = {2015-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Public Opinion Research},
volume = {27},
number = {3},
pages = {417\textendash431},
abstract = {This study provides a theoretically guided analysis of how interviewers might manipulate responses to filter questions (‘triggering rate’) in survey interviews. Drawing on principal-agent theory, we examined how the triggering rate varies by survey mode and across interviewers’ experience with the survey. Using data from a German survey and multilevel models, we find that interviewers do influence filter questions. Most intriguingly, there is an interaction between mode and experience: with increasing experience interviewers in CATI mode (higher monitoring and hourly payment) tend to collect more positive answers to the filter questions, while interviewers in CAPI mode (lower monitoring and case-based payment) tend to collect fewer. Our results suggest that manipulative interview behavior regarding questionnaire filtering exists and varies across incentive structures. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study provides a theoretically guided analysis of how interviewers might manipulate responses to filter questions (‘triggering rate’) in survey interviews. Drawing on principal-agent theory, we examined how the triggering rate varies by survey mode and across interviewers’ experience with the survey. Using data from a German survey and multilevel models, we find that interviewers do influence filter questions. Most intriguingly, there is an interaction between mode and experience: with increasing experience interviewers in CATI mode (higher monitoring and hourly payment) tend to collect more positive answers to the filter questions, while interviewers in CAPI mode (lower monitoring and case-based payment) tend to collect fewer. Our results suggest that manipulative interview behavior regarding questionnaire filtering exists and varies across incentive structures.
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kurakin, Dmitry; Blossfeld, Hans-Peter
Horizontal and vertical gender segregation in russia – changes upon labour market entry before and after the collapse of the Soviet regime. Journal Article
In: European Sociological Review, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 573–590, 2015, ISSN: 0266-7215.
@article{Kosyakova2015,
title = {Horizontal and vertical gender segregation in russia \textendash changes upon labour market entry before and after the collapse of the Soviet regime.},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova and Dmitry Kurakin and Hans-Peter Blossfeld},
url = {http://esr.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/esr/jcv060},
doi = {10.1093/esr/jcv060},
issn = {0266-7215},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
urldate = {2015-01-01},
journal = {European Sociological Review},
volume = {31},
number = {5},
pages = {573\textendash590},
abstract = {Using retrospective data from the Russian Education and Employment Survey, we examine labour market entry in Russia in terms of changes in horizontal gender segregation and vertical gender inequalities before and after the collapse of the Soviet regime in 1991. Our results provide evidence for horizontal gender segregation across branches of the economy among labour market entrants in Russia, which have been growing since 1991. Moreover, horizontal differences seem to be driving vertical gender inequalities in terms of entry into authoritative positions. Accounting for heterogeneity in education and the entered branch, we find that despite gender equality principles and full-time employment for women, vertical gender inequalities had already existed under the Soviet regime. However, these increased during the liberalization reforms. These growing vertical gender inequal- ities can be traced back mainly to a worsening of female chances in an economic transition, whereas there was no significant change for male entrants. Furthermore, women seem to be particularly disad- vantaged among highly qualified entrants. We conclude that Russian female entrants have not fully converted their educational advantage into occupational opportunities since the transition from socialism to a liberalized market economy. Introduction},
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Using retrospective data from the Russian Education and Employment Survey, we examine labour market entry in Russia in terms of changes in horizontal gender segregation and vertical gender inequalities before and after the collapse of the Soviet regime in 1991. Our results provide evidence for horizontal gender segregation across branches of the economy among labour market entrants in Russia, which have been growing since 1991. Moreover, horizontal differences seem to be driving vertical gender inequalities in terms of entry into authoritative positions. Accounting for heterogeneity in education and the entered branch, we find that despite gender equality principles and full-time employment for women, vertical gender inequalities had already existed under the Soviet regime. However, these increased during the liberalization reforms. These growing vertical gender inequal- ities can be traced back mainly to a worsening of female chances in an economic transition, whereas there was no significant change for male entrants. Furthermore, women seem to be particularly disad- vantaged among highly qualified entrants. We conclude that Russian female entrants have not fully converted their educational advantage into occupational opportunities since the transition from socialism to a liberalized market economy. Introduction
Triventi, Moris; Skopek, Jan; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Buchholz, Sandra; Blossfeld, Hans-Peter
Gender Inequalities at Labour Market Entry: A Comparative View from the edu LIFE Project Journal Article
In: Comparative Social Research, vol. 21, pp. 25–51, 2015, ISBN: 1500000310.
@article{Triventi2015,
title = {Gender Inequalities at Labour Market Entry: A Comparative View from the edu LIFE Project},
author = {Moris Triventi and Jan Skopek and Yuliya Kosyakova and Sandra Buchholz and Hans-Peter Blossfeld},
url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/10.1108/S0195-631020150000031001},
doi = {10.1108/S0195-631020150000031001},
isbn = {1500000310},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
urldate = {2015-11-18},
journal = {Comparative Social Research},
volume = {21},
pages = {25\textendash51},
abstract = {This chapter provides an overview of the results from a cross-nationally comparative project analysing gender differences and inequalities at labour market entry. Women's relative gains in educational attainment and the expansion of the service sector suggest that gender inequalities in occupational returns are diminishing or even reversing. In assessing gender differences at labour market entry, we look at a phase of the life course when women's family roles are still of minor importance. Conceptually, we distinguish between horizontal segregation and inequalities in vertical outcomes. The project was based on 13 in-depth case studies contributed by a network of scholars analysing countries with different institutional, socio-economic and cultural settings. The findings demonstrate that occupational gender segregation is still relatively marked among recent cohorts, though it is slightly decreasing over time in several countries. In terms of vertical inequalities, the case studies consistently revealed that while women enter more prestigious jobs than men in most countries, there is a female disadvantage in economic returns among recent labour market entrants. In addition, we found mixed evidence on the variations of gender equality at labour market entry across countries with different institutional characteristics.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
This chapter provides an overview of the results from a cross-nationally comparative project analysing gender differences and inequalities at labour market entry. Women's relative gains in educational attainment and the expansion of the service sector suggest that gender inequalities in occupational returns are diminishing or even reversing. In assessing gender differences at labour market entry, we look at a phase of the life course when women's family roles are still of minor importance. Conceptually, we distinguish between horizontal segregation and inequalities in vertical outcomes. The project was based on 13 in-depth case studies contributed by a network of scholars analysing countries with different institutional, socio-economic and cultural settings. The findings demonstrate that occupational gender segregation is still relatively marked among recent cohorts, though it is slightly decreasing over time in several countries. In terms of vertical inequalities, the case studies consistently revealed that while women enter more prestigious jobs than men in most countries, there is a female disadvantage in economic returns among recent labour market entrants. In addition, we found mixed evidence on the variations of gender equality at labour market entry across countries with different institutional characteristics.
2014
Kosyakova, Yuliya
Job-related adult learning in the Russian Federation: More educational opportunities without an equalization effect Book Section
In: Blossfeld, Hans-Peter; Kilpi-Jakonen, Elina; de Vilhena, Daniela Vono; Buchholz, Sandra (Ed.): Adult Learning in Modern Societies: An International Comparison from a Life-Course Perspective. eduLIFE Lifelong Learning Series., pp. 140–161, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK/Northampton, MA, USA, 2014, ISBN: 9781783475179.
@incollection{Kosyakova,
title = {Job-related adult learning in the Russian Federation: More educational opportunities without an equalization effect},
author = {Yuliya Kosyakova},
editor = {Hans-Peter Blossfeld and Elina Kilpi-Jakonen and Daniela Vono de Vilhena and Sandra Buchholz},
url = {https://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781783475179/9781783475179.00016.xml},
doi = {10.4337/9781783475186.00016},
isbn = {9781783475179},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
urldate = {2014-01-01},
booktitle = {Adult Learning in Modern Societies: An International Comparison from a Life-Course Perspective. eduLIFE Lifelong Learning Series.},
pages = {140\textendash161},
publisher = {Edward Elgar},
address = {Cheltenham, UK/Northampton, MA, USA},
abstract = {The adjustment of adults’ human capital in Russia is an important factor for successful integration into the labor market against the country’s background of transformation processes that have led to a labor market economy and to Russia’s integration into a globalizing world. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the consequent liberalization of the labor system, adult learning has become a very important mechanism for coping with the inequalities that have developed. However, this issue has not received much attention in Russia from empirical researchers in recent years. In this sense, the current study aims to shed some light on adult learning in Russia since the fall of the Iron Curtain. Specifically, I investigate whether adult learning can compensate for previous inequalities in educational attainment and if it can thereby contribute to economic and societal equalization. More precisely, I examine (1) the participation patterns of different groups in adult learning in Russia in the last decade and (2) whether participation in different types of adult learning contributes to employment and career progress. Previous research in adult learning demonstrates that both participation rates and payoffs are country specific and associated with institutional settings, such as the organization of the educational system and the welfare regime (for an extended literature review, see Chapter 1). Accordingly, I use the specific institutional settings in Russia to shape my expectations based on the global hypotheses outlined in Chapter 1 and to discuss the obtained results.
},
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The adjustment of adults’ human capital in Russia is an important factor for successful integration into the labor market against the country’s background of transformation processes that have led to a labor market economy and to Russia’s integration into a globalizing world. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the consequent liberalization of the labor system, adult learning has become a very important mechanism for coping with the inequalities that have developed. However, this issue has not received much attention in Russia from empirical researchers in recent years. In this sense, the current study aims to shed some light on adult learning in Russia since the fall of the Iron Curtain. Specifically, I investigate whether adult learning can compensate for previous inequalities in educational attainment and if it can thereby contribute to economic and societal equalization. More precisely, I examine (1) the participation patterns of different groups in adult learning in Russia in the last decade and (2) whether participation in different types of adult learning contributes to employment and career progress. Previous research in adult learning demonstrates that both participation rates and payoffs are country specific and associated with institutional settings, such as the organization of the educational system and the welfare regime (for an extended literature review, see Chapter 1). Accordingly, I use the specific institutional settings in Russia to shape my expectations based on the global hypotheses outlined in Chapter 1 and to discuss the obtained results.
2012
Kilpi-Jakonen, Elina; de Vilhena, Daniela Vono; Kosyakova, Yuliya; Stenberg, Anders; Blossfeld, Hans-Peter
The Impact of Formal Adult Education on the Likelihood of Being Employed: a Comparative Overview Journal Article
In: Studies of Transition States and Societies, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 48–68, 2012, ISSN: 1736874X 17368758.
@article{Kilpi-Jakonen2012,
title = {The Impact of Formal Adult Education on the Likelihood of Being Employed: a Comparative Overview},
author = {Elina Kilpi-Jakonen and Daniela Vono de Vilhena and Yuliya Kosyakova and Anders Stenberg and Hans-Peter Blossfeld},
url = {http://publications.tlu.ee/index.php/stss/article/view/90/80},
issn = {1736874X 17368758},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
urldate = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Studies of Transition States and Societies},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {48\textendash68},
abstract = {This article aims to map formal adult education in terms of the determinants of educational upgrading later in life, relating these back to social inequalities from a comparative perspective, and to labour market outcomes following participation, particularly the probability of being employed. It relies on a longitudinal analysis of data from the United Kingdom, Spain, Sweden and Russia. Results show that educational upgrading at mature ages has the potential for reducing social inequalities in all the countries analysed. Upgraders tend to come from a medium to low education background in Russia and the UK but from the tertiary educated in Spain and Sweden. Labour market marginalisation increases the chance of upgrading particularly in Sweden. Upgrading tends to increase employment opportunities, though these are in some cases conditional on being employed whilst studying. This is specifically the case for Russia and for men in the UK. We also found important country-specific gender differences in the effect of upgrading on employment opportunities, according to which women benefit more than men in the UK and Sweden. We conclude with some suggestions about the institutional effects that produce differences between countries.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article aims to map formal adult education in terms of the determinants of educational upgrading later in life, relating these back to social inequalities from a comparative perspective, and to labour market outcomes following participation, particularly the probability of being employed. It relies on a longitudinal analysis of data from the United Kingdom, Spain, Sweden and Russia. Results show that educational upgrading at mature ages has the potential for reducing social inequalities in all the countries analysed. Upgraders tend to come from a medium to low education background in Russia and the UK but from the tertiary educated in Spain and Sweden. Labour market marginalisation increases the chance of upgrading particularly in Sweden. Upgrading tends to increase employment opportunities, though these are in some cases conditional on being employed whilst studying. This is specifically the case for Russia and for men in the UK. We also found important country-specific gender differences in the effect of upgrading on employment opportunities, according to which women benefit more than men in the UK and Sweden. We conclude with some suggestions about the institutional effects that produce differences between countries.
2010
Eckman, Stephanie; Kosyakova, Yuliya
Unpublished analysis of ESS and ISSP methodology reports. Miscellaneous
2010.
@misc{Eckman.2010,
title = {Unpublished analysis of ESS and ISSP methodology reports.},
author = {Stephanie Eckman and Yuliya Kosyakova},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}